What is interactive voice response (IVR)?

If the interactive voice response system cannot retrieve the requested information, the programmed menu options can assist with call routing. These options direct callers to the appropriate representative for further help. By integrating computer and telephony technologies, IVR software can improve call flow and reduce waiting times, leading to higher overall customer satisfaction.

Moviefone was one of the most famous and successful uses of IVR technology in the 1990s. Because the internet was not as widely accessible then as it is today, movie-goers would call in and provide their postal code. They would then receive a list of nearby movie theaters along with their respective movies and show times.

While Moviefone is a product of the past, its underlying technology is still used, primarily within call centers, to provide customer support and reduce the call volume for customer service representatives.

Today, IVR software is still evolving. The development of natural language processing technology expands the range of ways callers can now interact with computers on the phone. Instead of using a touch-tone system, more advanced IVR software enables callers to verbalize their needs on the telephone. Then, through speech recognition, an IVR system can understand and respond to their inquiries in real-time.

IVR systems improve the customer experience by providing self-service options for customers to access the information that they need without the assistance of customer support. It also reduces the call volume for contact centers, lowering wait times and operational costs for businesses.

IVR can be used with both public switched telephone networks (PSTN) and also with voice over IP (VoIP) networks. An interactive voice response phone system typically consists of the following components:

1. An Internet Protocol network to provide internet and intranet connectivity.
2. Databases to supply IVR applications with relevant data.
3. A web/application server where the IVR software applications live. This server can host multiple applications, which are all written in VoiceXML. For example, there might be applications for contact centers, outgoing sales calls and speech-to-text transcription.

From here, one of three types of IVR systems is typically constructed.

• Touch-tone replacement: This system prompts callers to use a touch-tone keypad selection to access information. For example, a prerecorded message might say, “Press one for store hour information,” and the caller would respond with “one.”
  
  
• Directed dialog: This type of IVR provides specific verbal prompts to callers depending on their inquiry. For example, the recording might ask, “Are you looking for store hours or location information?” The caller can respond with “store hours.”
  
  
• Natural language: This advanced IVR system uses speech recognition to better understand user requests. For example, the system prompt might ask, “what information are you looking for today?” and the caller might reply with “I’m looking for store hour information” or other similar phrases.

Interactive voice response technology offers competitive advantages to large and small businesses, and improves their automation efforts. Some key benefits include:

• Improved customer experience: After obtaining relevant information from a caller, IVR solutions route callers to the appropriate call-center agent, reducing wait times and increasing first contact resolutions. Customer support can be available 24x7, ensuring assistance at any time of day. This action eliminates the need to staff a call center beyond regular business hours.
  
  
• Lower operational costs: IVR systems are incredibly cost-effective. They not only reduce high call volumes for customer service representatives, but they can extend access to FAQs and information outside of business hours, such as nights, weekends and holidays. If a discussion is requested, the IVR system can also suggest leaving a voicemail for a callback during regular business hours.
  
  
• Error reduction: When deployed effectively, IVR call center software can minimize errors in the customer service process. It eliminates reliance on human representatives for note-taking and call routing, ensuring greater accuracy and efficiency.
  
  
• Data collection: Customer requests can be automatically tracked for greater insights into the most common actions and problems.
  
  
• Increased security: Some IVR systems incorporate voice recognition technology—not to be confused with speech recognition—to verify the identity of an individual, adding an extra layer of security. This approach can be helpful for highly sensitive personal information, such as social security and phone numbers, checking and savings account information, and lab results from doctor’s appointments.

While interactive voice response can offer benefits to businesses, the technology still has limitations that need to be resolved and optimized for. Organizations should monitor the metrics of, at least, the most-used options: average hold time and success rate. Some of the obstacles to consider are as follows:

• Overcomplex IVR menu options: While IVR technology can streamline the call flow within call centers, it can also frustrate callers whether the automated messaging system is too complex. Overly long, prerecorded messages might require callers to wait long to select their intended option, resulting in lower customer satisfaction.
  
  
• Long hold times: Despite the advances in technology, long wait times remain a problem on many IVR systems. Callback functions can alleviate frustration as callers can continue with other tasks in their day until a customer service representative is able to attend to their request.
  
  
• Impersonal communication: When customers are calling a support line, they might already be highly frustrated by a product or service issue. An automated messaging system might deepen their frustration, as a recording cannot be able to empathize with their current problem.

Poorly deployed IVR systems can lead to high call abandonment rates and negative customer sentiment. Because low customer service satisfaction can harm a brand through negative reviews and public social media complaints, businesses should be thoughtful in their deployment of an IVR contact center solution.

Interactive voice response solutions have been used across a wide variety of industries. Below we delve more deeply into these use cases.

Banking: IVR can support various tasks within banking and finance, including account inquiries such as checking balances and loan application statuses. It also facilitates transactions, activations and modifications to investment portfolios.

Customer service: Customer service call centers straddle across multiple industries. Organizations can configure centers to handle a high volume of inbound calls adopting automated menus and prerecorded messages to handle customer queries and complaints. Some IVR solutions include a callback option where customers are in a queue and receive an outbound call when an agent is ready to help them.

Education: Research¹ has shown that educational institutions can implement IVR to assist parents in retrieving a status update on their child's performance and attendance in school. Parents can register with the system and then input a username and password to access key information on future calls.

Government: Constituents call government offices for important information or with requests. Many of these calls can be automated with IVR, such as confirming polling places and times, licensing and permits, taxes or unemployment insurance. In addition, requests can be routed to the correct department for discussion. 

Healthcare: IVR technology has several practical uses within healthcare, such as pretreatment questionnaires, patient satisfaction surveys, lab and appointment scheduling, postdischarge follow-up, lab results and patient monitoring. This research² also highlights how it can increase overall patient satisfaction by reminding patients to adhere to their medication schedule.

Hospitality and travel: Bookings, cancellations and customer service contacts can speed and improve customer service for airlines, hotels, railroads and vehicle rental agencies. By determining the reason for the call—booking, change of plans, delay—customers can be routed directly to the correct department.

Retail and e-commerce: Customers can now verify delivery and return status quickly and easily. Self-service or live chats for retail can answer many customer questions, but then telephone calls can also be routed to a live agent for discussions.