2021 new-function APARs for Db2 Admin Tool 12.1

Support for additional Db2 12 subsystem parameters

PH42322 - December, 2021

In Db2 Admin Tool, you can now view and update the following Db2 12 subsystem parameter (zparm) values on the System Parameters — System Parameters (ADB2ZZMN) panel:

• LOAD_DEL_IMPLICIT_SCALE
• SUBSTR_COMPATIBILITY

ALT as an alternate line command for A

PH40458 - December, 2021

On the Alter Objects (ADB27CA) panel, you can use the A line command to alter one of the listed objects. APAR PH40458 enhances this panel so that you can now specify ALT instead of A to alter an object. A and ALT can be used interchangeably.

Support for new REORG INDEX utility options

PH37342 - December, 2021

Additionally, the values on this panel for RBALRSN_CONVERSION are updated to match those values that are currently supported by Db2.

You can also use the following new Change Management (CM) batch parameters to specify these REORG INDEX options:

• UTIL_REORG_INDEX_FORCE
• UTIL_REORG_INDEX_NOSYSUT1
• UTIL_REORG_INDEX_PARALLEL

RECOVER support for auxiliary table spaces

PH37342 - December, 2021

Db2 Admin Tool support for the RECOVER utility is enhanced for base table spaces with auxiliary (LOB and XML) table spaces. If you use Db2 Admin Tool to recover an object that has LOB or XML columns, the generated jobs now include RECOVER utility statements for the auxiliary table spaces.

Ability to specify an object scope when migrating objects

PH41894 - November, 2021

When migrating objects by using the MIG function, you can now specify an object scope. Previously, you had to specify individual objects on an ISPF panel, which was not suitable for large or complex lists of objects.

With this APAR, you can specify the scope of objects that you want to migrate instead of listing them individually. For example, you can use wildcard characters in the scope specification to include many objects; you can also specify objects to exclude from the scope. To specify a scope, take the following actions during the migration process:

1. On the Migrate Parameters (ADB28M) panel, set the Generate MIG jobs in batch field to YES.

   A new job will be generated and listed with the first group of generated jobs (the jobs that generate the MIG jobs). The name of this job will be either SSTSCBAT or <Member prefix for combined jobs>SC, depending on whether you chose to combine job steps.

2. Edit the new job to add an object scope. Add the scope to the SCOPE DD statement in the form of GEN requests. The format and specific requirements for these scope requests are documented in the job comments.

The rest of the migration process is the same as it was previously.

Alternatively, you can continue to specify individual objects on the ISPF panel.

Support for renaming views

PH34099 - October 2021

You can now rename a view by using the REN (Rename) line command on the Tables, Views, and Aliases (ADB21T) panel and the Views (ADB21VV) panel. The REN line command preserves all authorizations on the view.

Support for new utility options

PH37341 (Db2 Admin Tool), PH40162 (Object Comparison Tool) - October, 2021

Db2 Admin Tool added support for the following Db2 utility options:

Ability to specify a range of partitions when recovering objects

PH37341 (Db2 Admin Tool), PH40162 (Object Comparison Tool) - October, 2021

When you use the utility panels in Db2 Admin Tool to recover a table space or index, you can now specify a range of partitions (or data sets for nonpartitioned table spaces). Previously, you could specify only one partition number.

You can specify the partition ranges in the DSNUM field on the Specify Utility Options - RECOVER (ADB2USV) panel and on the Specify Utility Options - RECOVER INDEX (ADB2UXV) panel:

ADB2USV n --------- DC1A Specify Utility Options - RECOVER  ------------- 17:12
Command ===>           
      
Execute utility on table space NM394570.NM394570                               
  using the following options:                                                 
                                                                   More:     + 
REUSE . . . . . . .              (Yes/No)                                      
BACKOUT . . . . . .              (Yes/No)                                      
TORBA . . . . . . .                                                            
TOLOGPOINT  . . . .                                                            
LOGONLY . . . . . .              (Yes/No)                                      
TOCOPY  . . . . . .                                                (or ?)      
  TOVOLUME  . . . .                                                            
  TOSEQNO . . . . .                                                            
TOLASTCOPY  . . . .              (Yes/No)                                      
TOLASTFULLCOPY  . .              (Yes/No)                                      
ERROR RANGE . . . .              (Yes/No)                                      
LOCALSITE . . . . .              (Yes/No)                                      
RECOVERYSITE  . . .              (Yes/No)                                      
CURRENTCOPYONLY . .              (Yes/No)                                      
PARALLEL  . . . . .              (Yes,0-32767)                                 
  TAPEUNITS   . . .              (0-32767)                                     
PAGE  . . . . . . .              (0-32767)                                     
  CONTINUE  . . . .              (Yes/No)                                      
DSNUM . . . . . . .            > (1-10 or ALL)  
FROM                                                                           
  Database  . . . .              (Default is DSNDB04, ? to look up)            
  Table space . . .              (? to look up)                                
CLONE . . . . . . .              (Yes/No)                                      
RESTOREBEFORE . . .                                                            
FROMDUMP  . . . . .              (Yes/No)                                      
  DUMPCLASS . . . .                                                            
LOGRANGES . . . . .              (Yes/No)                                      
VERIFYSET . . . . .              (Yes/No)                                      
ENFORCE . . . . . .              (Yes/No)                                      
SCOPE . . . . . . .              (Updated,All)                                 
FLASHCOPY PPRCP . .              (NO,PMNO,PMPREF or PMREQ)                     
ALTERNATE CP  . . .                                                            
NOSYSCOPY . . . . .              (YES,INLCOPY or FCCOPY)                       

Valid integer values for the DSNUM field range from 1 to the number of partitions in the table space. In this example, the DSNUM field lists 10 as the maximum number, because the table space has 10 partitions.

ADB2UXV n --------- DC1A Specify Utility Options - RECOVER INDEX -------- 17:18
Command ===>                                                                   
                                                                               
Execute utility on index SYSIBM.ADMIN_TASKS_HIST_IX                            
  using the following options:                                                 
                                                                   More:     + 
REUSE . . . . . . .              (Yes/No)                                      
BACKOUT . . . . . .              (Yes/No)                                      
TORBA . . . . . . .                                                            
TOLOGPOINT  . . . .                                                            
LOGONLY . . . . . .              (Yes/No)                                      
TOCOPY  . . . . . .                                                            
  TOVOLUME  . . . .                                                            
  TOSEQNO . . . . .                                                            
TOLASTCOPY  . . . .              (Yes/No)                                      
TOLASTFULLCOPY  . .              (Yes/No)                                      
ERROR RANGE . . . .              (Yes/No)                                      
LOCALSITE . . . . .              (Yes/No)                                      
RECOVERYSITE  . . .              (Yes/No)                                      
CURRENTCOPYONLY . .              (Yes/No)                                      
PARALLEL  . . . . .              (Yes/No)                                      
  TAPEUNITS . . . .              (0-32767)                                     
DSNUM . . . . . . .            > (1-4096 or ALL)   
LOGRANGES . . . . .              (Yes/No)                       
VERIFYSET . . . . .              (Yes/No)                       
ENFORCE . . . . . .              (Yes/No)                       
SCOPE . . . . . . .              (Updated,All)                  
FLASHCOPY PPRCP . .              (NO,PMNO,PMPREF or PMREQ)      
ALTERNATE CP  . . .                                             
NOSYSCOPY . . . . .              (YES,INLCOPY or FCCOPY)        
CLONE . . . . . . .              (Yes/No)                       
RESTOREBEFORE . . .                                             
FROMDUMP  . . . . .              (Yes/No)                       
  DUMPCLASS . . . .            >                                

To specify multiple partitions (or data sets for nonpartitioned table spaces) in the DSNUM field, use dashes to indicate a range and commas to separate each value or range. For example:

The DSNUM field is also now scrollable. To enter a longer value, take one of the following actions:

• Place your cursor in the DSNUM field and press PF11 to scroll right.
• Type EXPAND in the command field, position your cursor in the DSNUM field, and press Enter.

DSNUM . . . . . . . 1, 3, 5-7  > (1-4096 or ALL)

You can also specify ALL (the default value) to indicate that the entire table space or index space is to be recovered.

Ability to restore packages after running the collection clean up function

PH35204, PH31960 - September, 2021

Db2 Admin Tool can now restore one or more packages that were freed by the collection clean up function. The collection clean up function runs when you specify the CL line command on the Collections (ADB21L) panel.

To restore these packages, use the new CLREST command. You can choose to restore the package with the original DBRM or the DBRM that was regenerated to a backup data set by the clean up function. Db2 Admin Tool copies regenerated DBRMs to PDSs and generates the appropriate BIND commands to bind the DBRMs into packages.

Support for new object attributes in Db2 12

PH31556 - September, 2021

Db2 Admin Tool supports the following new object attributes in Db2 12:

• For table spaces:
  • COMPRESS
  • FREEPAGE
  • GBPCACHE
  • PQTY
  • SECQTYI
  • STORNAME
  • STORTYPE
  • TRACKMOD
  • VCATNAME
• For indexes:
  • FREEPAGE
  • GBPCACHE
  • PCTFREE
  • PQTY
  • SECQTYI
  • STORNAME
  • STORTYPE
  • VCATNAME

For example, you can generate DDL with these attributes and compare and mask these object attributes.

Note that for Object Comparison Tool, change statements will not be generated to change these target attributes to null if the source was created prior to Db2 12 and thus has null values for these new attributes.

Support for additional CREATE TABLE options for implicit table spaces

PH40076 - September, 2021

Db2 Admin Tool and Object Comparison Tool now support the following CREATE TABLE options for implicitly created table spaces:

• BUFFERPOOL
• COMPRESS
• LOGGED
• MEMBER CLUSTER
• TRACKMOD

For Db2 subsystems that are running version 12 function level 509 or higher, the options for COMPRESS include F-Fixedlength and H-Huffman.

For example, the GEN function can generate DDL with these new options. Additionally, when you create a table, you can now specify these options on the Create Table Options (ADB26TOP) panel and the Create Table Options (ADB26CTS) panel.

Support for additional Db2 12 subsystem parameters

PH40074 - September, 2021

In Db2 Admin Tool, you can now view and update the following Db2 12 subsystem parameter (zparm) values:

Ability to control whether foreign keys are dropped during a comparison

PH39334 (Db2 Admin Tool), PH39653 (Object Comparison Tool) - September, 2021

You can now specify that you want Object Comparison Tool to drop any foreign keys from target tables that are not also in the corresponding source tables. Previously, if you wanted to drop these foreign keys during a comparison, you had to explicitly add a DROP FOREIGN KEY clause in the ALTER TABLE statement.

To specify this new behavior, use the new field Drop FKs not in source on the Generate Compare Jobs (GOC5) panel or the new Change Management (CM) batch parameter drop_fks_not_in_source. If you specify YES, foreign keys that are not in the source will be dropped, even if the Suppress DROP of objects field (the KEEPTGT parameter in the JCL) is set to YES.

The default value for both the Drop FKs not in source field and the drop_fks_not_in_source parameter is NO, which preserves the behavior prior to this APAR.

PAGESET_PAGENUM support

PH37926 - August, 2021

The value of the PAGESET_PAGENUM subsystem parameter is used as the default value for PAGENUM when creating partitioned table spaces and tables.

New command to display only explicitly granted privileges

PH39331 - August, 2021

On authorization panels, you can now filter the authorizations listed so that only explicitly granted authorizations are displayed. To do so, use the new RMIMPL (remove implicit) command. This command removes the rows that represent implicit grants from the list. Implicit grants are grants where Grantor is the same as Grantee or GT (Grantee type) is P.

RMIMPL is available on the following authorization panels:

• Application Plan Authorizations (ADB2AP) panel
• Package Authorizations (ADB2AK) panel
• Storage Group Authorizations (ADB2AG) panel
• Database Authorizations (ADB2AD) panel
• Table Space Authorizations (ADB2AS) panel
• Table Authorizations (ADB2AT) panel
• Column Authorizations (ADB2AC) panel
• Function Authorizations (ADB2AO) panel
• Stored Procedure Authorizations (ADB2AO) panel
• System Privileges Authorizations (ADB2AZ) panel
• Resource Authorizations (ADB2AR) panel
• Collection Authorizations (ADB2AL) panel
• Schema Authorizations (ADB2AH) panel
• Global Variable Authorizations (ADBPAGV) panel

After using RMIMPL to remove implicit grants, you can add the implicit grants back to the list by using the REFRESH command.

Ability to view replication status and row count for accelerated tables

PH38103 - August, 2021

You can now view the replication status and row count for accelerated tables directly on the Display Accelerated Tables (ADBPZAT) panel. Use the new DISPINFO primary command to display this information in the new columns R (for replication status) and Row Count:

 ADBPZAT n ----------- DC1A Display Accelerated Tables ------ Row 1 to 11 of 50 
 Command ===>                                                  Scroll ===> PAGE 
                                                                                
 Commands: RTS  ADD  LOAD  ENABLE  DISABLE  BET  DET  DEL  DISPOPT  DISPREF     
 Line commands:                                                                 
   I - Interpret  AC - Accelerator  T - Table  RTS - RTS info  L - Load         
  AR - Archive  EN - Enable  DI - Disable  DEL - Delete  DET - Table details    
  ? - Show all line commands                                                    
                                                                                
      Table             Table    Server         Row                        
 Sel  Name              Schema   Name     E R A Count    Refresh Time           
      *                 *        *        * * * *        *                      
 ---- ----------------- -------- -------- - - - -------- ---------------------->
      TBOC5I03          SYSADM   V1       Y N   120      2013-08-21-06.28.00.349

To restore the original display, use the REFRESH command or the new DISPREF command. DISPINFO toggles to DISPREF when these new columns are displayed.

The interpretation panel for accelerated tables [Interpretation of an Object in SYSACCELERATEDTABLES (ADBPZATI) panel] also now includes fields for replication status and row count. Additionally, the existing Enabled field on this panel is changed to Accel status for consistency.

Usability improvements for preserving data when altering the NULLS attribute of a column

PH36418 (Db2 Admin Tool), PH38600 (Object Comparison Tool)- July, 2021

This APAR modifies one of the common options for change functions. On the Options for Change Functions (ADB2PCO) panel, the Recreate for NULLS change option, which was introduced by APAR PH24104, is replaced by the new Preserve all data option. Similarly, the corresponding CM batch parameter recreate_for_nulls_change is replaced by the new parameter preserve_all_data.

The new option and parameter have the same meaning as the previous ones. Both the old and new options specify whether the change is to be implemented by alter operations or by dropping and recreating the table. Dropping and recreating the table ensures that the column data is preserved and remains the default behavior.

The difference is that the new option is no longer dependent on another option. Previously, for the Recreate for NULLS change option to be applicable, you had to also set the Unload altered tables option to YES. With the new option, this requirement is removed. The setting for Preserve all data applies regardless of what you specify for Unload altered tables. However, if you specify NO (to implement the change by using alter operations), you might also want to set Unload altered tables to YES to save a copy of the data. The same dependency is removed for the CM batch parameter. The preserve_all_data parameter applies regardless of what you specify for the unload_altered_tables parameter.

Currently, this option applies only to those changes that modify whether a column can contain null values.

Support for new utility options

PH35853 - June, 2021

Db2 Admin Tool added support for the following Db2 utility options:

Usability enhancements for Db2 12 function level 508 support

PH36790 - June, 2021

When moving tables from multi-table table spaces to partition-by-growth universal table spaces (UTS), the maximum number of tables that you can specify per REORG has changed from 128 to 500. This change ensures that the ADBTEP2 program does not hang due to lock contention.

Additionally, when you move tables, you can use the CHKPDC command to check for pending changes or the CHKNTS command to check whether any of the new table spaces already exist. Those commands are enhanced so that if issues are found, one of the following values is listed in the Err Stat on the Move Tables to PBGs (ADB2MVT2) panel:

D

The new table space name is a duplicate of a new table space in the list.

P

The old table space already has a pending change that prevents additional ALTER operations.

E

The new table space already exists in the Db2 catalog.

Additionally, if the error is left unresolved, the operations for the affected table spaces are commented out in the resulting job. This behavior prevents the job from failing so that tables can still be moved from those table spaces that do not have any unresolved issues.

Support for specifying a compression algorithm at the object level

PH36485 - May, 2021

Db2 12 FL 509 Starting with Db2 12 function level 509, you can specify the fixed-length or Huffman compression algorithm at the object level. Db2 Admin Tool supports this new specification. For example, you can perform the following actions in Db2 Admin Tool:

• Specify the compression algorithm when creating a table space.
• Alter the compression algorithm of a table space or a partition by using the ALT command or AL command.
• Mask these compression algorithm values at the table space level. When you specify a TSCOMPRES mask to overwrite the compression attribute of a table space, you can now specify the new values FIXED and HUFFMAN.
• View the compression algorithm that is used for a table space on the Table Spaces (ADB21S) panel and the Interpretation of an Object in SYSTABLESPACE (ADB21SI1) panel.
• View the compression algorithm that is used for a partition on the Table Space Parts for table-space (ADB21SP) panel and the Interpretation of an Object in SYSTABLEPART (ADB21SPI) panel.

Support for high availability for accelerator-only tables

PH36482 - May, 2021

Db2 12 FL 509 Starting with Db2 12 function level 509, you can define an accelerator-only table in more than one accelerator. To do so, you must first define an accelerator group (a location alias). Then, you can create an accelerator-only table in that accelerator group. That table can then use any accelerator in the group to ensure high availability and workload balancing. You can perform all of these actions in Db2 Admin Tool.

Support for tamper-proof audit policies

PH36481 - May, 2021

Db2 12 FL 509 Db2 12 function level 509 introduces support for tamper-proof audit policies, which cannot be modified or stopped unless the user is authorized to access the Db2 audit policy profile by a z/OS® security product that is external to Db2, such as RACF®. You can create and update these policies in Db2 Admin Tool by using the Manage Audit Policies (ADBPZAP) panel. To create a tamper-proof audit policy, set the DB2START column to T when you create or update the policy. You can also now specify a DB2START value of S in Db2 Admin Tool. This value indicates that the audit policy will be started automatically during Db2 startup and can only be stopped by a user with SECADM authority.

Expanded support for Db2 REST services

PH36687 - May, 2021

The initial Db2 Admin Tool support for Db2 REST services was provided in APAR PH31558. This APAR (PH36687) provides the following additional functionality:

• You can create Db2 REST services by using the new CR and B line commands on the REST Services (ADB21RS) panel.
• You can view the SQL in an existing REST service package by using the new SQ line command on the REST Services (ADB21RS) panel.
• You can view the REST service that is associated with a package by using the new RS line command on the Packages (ADB21K) panel.

New stored procedure that returns the DDL for a single object

PH35130 - March, 2021

You can use the new ADBGDDL stored procedure to get the DDL for a single object from the Db2 catalog. The result set includes DDL for only that object; it does not include the DDL for any related objects.

This stored procedure is valid for any of the following object types: alias, database, data type, function, index, storage group, stored procedure, sequence, sequence alias, synonym, table, trigger, table space, view, global variable, role, trusted context, column mask, and permission.

The core function that ADBGDDL uses to generate the DDL is the GEN function. Therefore, you can also optionally request a GEN report, which is returned in another result set.

Expanded ability to view Revoke Impact reports

PH32457 - March, 2021

Users without SYSADM authority can now view the complete Revoke Impact report, regardless of whether they have authority to execute the REVOKE statement. If the user ID does not have authority to execute the REVOKE statement, an informational message is displayed.

Previously, the Revoke Impact report displayed only the REVOKE statements that the user ID had authority to execute.

Improved specification status for source and target objects in comparisons

PH31168 - February, 2021

In Db2 Object Comparison Tool, the DB2 Object Comparison Tool Menu (GOCMENU) panel lists the specification status for each step. This APAR changes the status text that is displayed when you specify that the definition of the source or target objects is to be extracted from the Db2 catalog. Previously, this specification status was listed as: DB2 catalog extract specified. This APAR changes this status to be more specific and include the object type. For example, if you specify that the source definition is to be extracted for databases from the Db2 catalog, the specification status is listed as follows:

 
 Compare ---------------- DB2 Object Comparison Tool Menu ---------------- 09:38
 Option ===>                                    
                                                                     
                                          Specification Status:      
    1  - Specify compare source (new)     Database extract specified                 
    2  - Specify compare target (old)     Incomplete                 
    3  - Specify compare masks            None specified             
    4  - Specify ignores                  Using defaults             
    5  - Generate compare job             Not generated              
                                                                     
    W - Walk through steps 1 - 5 in sequence
    V - Generate job to extract version file from source only

    R  - Reset all
    RS - Reset source
    RT - Reset target

    S - Save dialog
    M - Manage/Restore dialog
    MC- MultiCompare
    MR- Manage saved compare results

Other new statuses that are added by this APAR are:

• No database extract specified
• Database & schema extract specified
• Table space extract specified
• No table space extract specified
• Table space & schema extract specified
• Table extract specified
• No table extract specified
• Table & schema extract specified
• Schema extract specified
• No schema extract specified

Ability to specify the detectChanges value when loading accelerated tables

PH29571 - February, 2021

When loading accelerated tables from Db2 Admin Tool, you can now specify the value of the detectChanges option for the Db2 Analytics Accelerator (IDAA) stored procedure SYSPROC.ACCEL_LOAD_TABLES. Previously, Db2 Admin Tool always set this value to DATA. To specify a value for detectChanges, use the new Load accelerated tables DETECTCHANGES field on the Options for Change Functions (ADB2PCO) panel or the new Change Management (CM) batch parameter load_accelerated_tables_detect_changes.

Support for moving tables from multi-table table spaces to UTS

PH31554 - January, 2021

Db2 12 FL 508 Db2 12 function level 508 provides support for moving tables from deprecated multi-table simple or segmented table spaces to partition-by-growth (PBG) universal table spaces (UTS). You can use Db2 Admin Tool to perform this move operation. By moving data to preferred table spaces, you can take advantage of new Db2 functionality that operates only on UTS.

In Db2 Admin Tool, you can use the system catalog panels to find any multi-table table spaces and then select the ones from which you want to move the tables. To move the tables, use the new MOVETB line command or the new MOVETB primary command. Db2 Admin Tool then generates a job that creates the new PBG table spaces and runs the ALTER TABLESPACE statements with the MOVE TABLE clause, the materializing REORG utility operations, and any requested rebinds.

Support for Db2 REST services

PH31558 - January, 2021

You can now use Db2 Admin Tool to manage Db2 REST services. You can view information about these services, start and stop them, and free the corresponding package for a REST service. To do so, select the new RS option on the System Catalog (ADB21) panel. On the resulting REST Services (ADB21RS) panel, you can use the available line commands to perform these actions.

Parent objects can be included when migrating tables or table spaces or generating SQL

PH30132 - January, 2021

When you generate SQL for a table or table space, either as part of migrating these objects or by running the GEN function, you now have the option to also generate the SQL for parent objects. For a table, you can generate the SQL for the parent table space and parent database. For a table space, you can generate the SQL for the parent database.

These new options, CREATE parent DATABASE and CREATE parent TABLESPACE, are available on the Generate SQL from DB2 catalog (ADB2GENB) panel and the Generate SQL from DB2 catalog (ADBP8MG) panel.

For migration, these new options allow you to easily include the parent objects in the migration process.

Extended schema support

PH30132 - January, 2021

Db2 Admin Tool has expanded schema functionality to include tables, indexes, aliases, and views.

Previously, when you viewed schemas in Db2 Admin Tool, you could view only the following objects in that schema: sequences, data types, procedures, functions, and variables. Similarly, when you generated SQL for a schema, you could select only those objects in the schema.

With this enhancement, you can now view tables, indexes, aliases, and views in a schema. The Schemas (ADB21H) panel is updated to include this information.

Additionally, when you generate DDL for a schema, you can also now choose to include tables, indexes, aliases, and views in the schema. The Generate SQL from DB2 catalog (ADB2GENB) panel is updated to include these options. Notice that the panel ID has changed from ADB2GEN to ADB2GENB. This panel replaces all previous ADB2GENx panels.

Lastly, this enhancement provides an option for you filter Db2 objects based on a schema. The System Catalog (ADB21) panel is updated to include a new Schema field in the selection criteria.

Ability to insert a partition when altering a table space

PH27084 - January, 2021

APAR PH20648 provided support in Db2 Admin Tool for inserting partitions. (See Support for inserting partitions.) This APAR builds on that support by providing another way to insert a partition. To improve usability, you can now also insert a partition when altering a table space. When you alter a table space and increment the NUMPARTS value or issue the VALUES command, the subsequent Alter Partitioned Table (ADB21TAV) panel includes an INS line command for inserting a partition and a new ADD command for adding a partition.

Additionally, a new ORIGINAL command is included on the Alter Partitioned Table (ADB27CPV) panel and on the Alter Partitioned Table (ADB21TAV) panel when that panel is displayed after issuing the AL line command on a table. The ORIGINAL command resets all changes to their original values.