PSF for z/OS: User's Guide

Glossary

PSF for z/OS: User's Guide
S550-0435-04

Glossary

This glossary defines technical terms and abbreviations used in PSF for z/OS® documentation. If you do not find the term you are looking for, view the IBM® terminology website at:

http://www.ibm.com/software/globalization/terminology/

These cross-references are used in this glossary:

See. Refers to preferred synonyms or to defined terms for acronyms and abbreviations.
See also. Refers to related terms that have similar, but not synonymous, meanings, or to contrasted terms that have opposite or substantively different meanings.

A

abend: See abnormal end of task.
abnormal end of task (abend): The termination of a task, job, or subsystem because of an error condition that recovery facilities cannot resolve during processing
access method: A technique for moving data between main storage and input/output devices.
active environment group: A collection of mapping structured fields, positioning controls, and data descriptors that define the environment for a page. These structured fields form an internal object in a composed text page, page definition, or overlay.
addressable point: For page printers, any defined position or picture element in a presentation surface or physical medium that can be referenced. See also picture element and print position.
Advanced Function Presentation (AFP): A set of licensed programs, together with user applications, that use the all-points-addressable concept to print data on a wide variety of printers or to display data on a variety of display devices. AFP includes creating, formatting, archiving, retrieving, viewing, distributing, and printing information.
AFP: See Advanced Function Presentation.
AFP Font Collection: An IBM licensed product that includes a set of utilities, and a single font source for all AFP operating systems.
AFP Statistics (AFPSTATS) report: Contains summary data about the resources used to print a document. The AFPSTATS report is used to indicate in which libraries PSF found a resource, diagnose some resource selection problems, obtain statistical data about how a print file is printed, and diagnose some print file printing performance problems.
AFPSTATS report: See AFP Statistics report.
AFPSTATS repository: A data set where AFP Statistics (AFPSTATS) reports are written.
AFP Toolbox: A product that assists application programmers in formatting printed output. Without requiring knowledge of the AFP data stream, AFP Toolbox provides access to sophisticated AFP functions through a callable C, C++, or COBOL interface.
all-points addressability (APA): The capability to address, reference, and position text, overlays, and images at any defined position or picture element on the printable area of the paper. This capability depends on the ability of the hardware to address and to display each picture element.
all-points addressable (APA): Pertaining to addressing, referencing, and positioning text, overlays, and images at any defined position or picture element on the printable area of the paper.
American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII): A standard code used for information exchange among data processing systems, data communication systems, and associated equipment. ASCII uses a coded character set consisting of 7-bit coded characters. See also Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code.
APA: See all-points addressability or all-points addressable.
APAR: See authorized program analysis report.
application program: A program used to communicate with stations in a network, enabling users to perform application-oriented activities.
ASCII: See American Standard Code for Information Interchange.
authorized program analysis report (APAR): A request for correction of a defect in a supported release of an IBM-supplied program.
auxiliary data set: In AFP printing, a data set that contains job header, data set header, job trailer, or message data. See also print data set.
auxiliary resource: Fonts, page segments, overlays, page definitions, or form definitions associated with auxiliary data sets.

B

bar code: An array of elements, such as bars, spaces, and two-dimensional modules, that encode data in a particular symbology. The elements are arranged in a predetermined pattern following unambiguous rules defined by the symbology.
Bar Code Object Content Architecture (BCOCA): An architected collection of constructs used to interchange and present bar code data.
baseline: A conceptual line with respect to which successive characters are aligned.
BCOCA: See Bar Code Object Content Architecture.
big endian: Pertaining to the order in which binary data is stored or transmitted with the most significant byte placed first. See also little endian.
bin: An enclosure on a printer that contains source or destination media, including paper, foils, labels, card stock, or microfilm. See also cassette and stacker.
bounded-box font: A font in bounded-box format. See also unbounded-box font.
bounded-character box: A character box that does not contain blank space on any sides of the character. See also unbounded-character box.
BTS: See burster-trimmer-stacker.
burst: To separate continuous-forms paper into separate sheets.
burster-trimmer-stacker (BTS): An optional printer feature that separates continuous forms into separate sheets, trims the carrier strip from both edges of the paper, and stacks the sheets. The BTS also identifies jobs by offsetting the stacking.

C

carriage control character: A character that is used to specify a write, space, or skip operation. See also control character.
cassette: In cut-sheet printers, a removable container for a supply of paper. See also bin.
CFS: See continuous-forms stacker.
channel-attached: Pertaining to the attachment of devices directly by input/output channels to a host processor. See also SNA-attached and TCP/IP-attached.
channel code: A number from 1 to 12 that identifies a position in the forms control buffer or a page definition.
character: (1) Any symbol that can be entered on a keyboard, printed, or displayed. For example, letters, numbers, and punctuation marks are all characters.; (2) In a computer system, a member of a set of elements that is used for the representation, organization, or control of data. See also control character, glyph, and graphic character.; (3) In bar codes, a single group of bars and spaces that represent an individual number, letter, punctuation mark, or other symbol.
character box: The area that completely contains the character pattern.
character data: Data in the form of letters and special characters, such as punctuation marks. See also numeric data.
character identifier: The standard identifier for a character, regardless of its style. For example, all uppercase A’s have the same character identifier. See also graphic character identifier.
character rotation: The alignment of a character with respect to its character baseline, measured in degrees in a clockwise direction. See also rotation and orientation.
character set: A defined set of characters that can be recognized by a configured hardware or software system. A character set can be defined by alphabet, language, script, or any combination of these items. See also font character set.
checkpoint: A place in a program at which a check is made, or at which a recording of data is made to allow the program to be restarted in case of interruption.
client: A software program or computer that requests access to data, services, programs, and resources from a server. See also server and host.
CMR: See color management resource.
coded font: A font file that associates a code page and a font character set. For double-byte fonts, a coded font associates multiple pairs of code pages and font character sets.
coded font section: A font character set and code page pair. A single-byte coded font consists of only one coded font section; a double-byte coded font can consist of more than one.
code page: A particular assignment of code points to graphic characters. Within a given code page, a code point can only represent one character. A code page also identifies how undefined code points are handled. See also coded font and extended code page.
code point: A unique bit pattern that represents a character in a code page.
color management resource (CMR): An object that provides color management in presentation environments.
color mapping table: A MO:DCA object that is used to map color values specified in a source color space to color values specified in a target color space. This object is loaded into printers that support the color mapping table.
color selection: The ability to specify a color other than black to print data in more than one color. Some printers support selection of several colors, depending upon the color of the ribbon installed in the printer. Other printers support the selection of black or "color of media", which can cause white lettering on a background that has been shaded black.
command: A request from a terminal or automated operator for the performance of an operation or service, or a request in a batch-processing job or print file for the operation or execution of a particular program.
communication: See data communication.
compatibility font: An AFP raster font designed to emulate the uniformly spaced and fixed-pitch fonts used with line printers.
complex text: Unicode-encoded text that cannot be rendered in the traditional one-code-point to one-glyph fashion, such as bidirectional Arabic text or combined Hindi characters.
composed text: Text that has been formatted and that contains text-control information to direct the presentation of the text.
computing system RPQ: A customer request for a price quotation on alterations or additions to the functional capabilities of a computing system, hardware product, or device. The RPQ can be used in conjunction with programming RPQs to solve unique data processing problems. See also programming request for price quotation.
concatenate: (1) To link together.; (2) To join two character strings.
concatenated data set: A group of logically connected data sets that are treated as one data set for the duration of a job step. See also data set, partitioned data set, and library.
conditional processing: A page definition function that allows input data records to partially control their own formatting.
console: A display station from which an operator can control and observe the system operation.
continuous forms: A series of connected forms that feed continuously through a printing device. The connection between the forms is perforated so that the user can tear them apart. Before printing, the forms are folded in a stack, with the folds along the perforations. See also cut-sheet paper.
continuous-forms stacker (CFS): In continuous-forms printers, an output assembly that refolds and stacks continuous forms after printing.
control character: (1) A character that represents a command that is sent to an output device, such as a printer or monitor. Examples are line-feed, shift-in, shift-out, carriage return, font change, and end of transmission. See also carriage control character.; (2) A character whose occurrence in a particular context initiates, modifies, or stops a control function.
copy group: An internal object in a form definition or a print data set that controls such items as modifications to a form, page placement, and overlays. See also internal copy group.
core interchange font: A uniformly spaced typographic font with specialized characters for different languages.
current print position: The picture element that defines the character reference point or the upper-left corner of an image.
cut-sheet paper: Paper that is cut into uniform-size sheets before it is loaded into the printer. See also continuous forms.

D

data check

A synchronous or asynchronous indication of a condition caused by erroneous data or incorrect positioning of data. Some data checks can be suppressed.

data communication

Transfer of data among functional units by means of data transmission protocols.

data control block (DCB)

A control block used by access method routines in storing and retrieving data.

Data Facility Storage Management Subsystem (DFSMS)

An operating environment that helps automate and centralize the management of storage. To manage storage, the storage management subsystem (SMS) provides the storage administrator with control over data class, storage class, management class, storage group, and automatic class selection (ACS) routine definitions.

data map

An internal object in a page definition that specifies fonts, page segments, fixed text, page size, and the placement and orientation of text.

data object

An object that is either specified within a page or overlay or is identified as a resource by using the Map Data Resource (MDR) structured field and later included in a page or overlay. Examples include: PDF single-page and multiple-page objects, Encapsulated PostScript (EPS) objects, and IOCA images. See also data object resource and resource.

data object resource

An object container resource or IOCA image resource that is either printer resident or downloaded. Data object resources can be:

Used to prepare for the presentation of a data object, such as with a resident color profile resource object
Included in a page or overlay through the Include Object (IOB) structured field; for example, PDF single-page and multiple-page objects, Encapsulated PostScript (EPS) objects, and IOCA images
Called from within a data object; for example, PDF resource objects

data set

The major unit of data storage and retrieval, consisting of a collection of data in one of several prescribed arrangements and described by control information to which the system has access. See also file, concatenated data set, partitioned data set, and sequential data set.

data set header

A page in printed output that separates multiple data sets or multiple copies of a data set within a print job. See also job header.

DCB

See data control block.

DCF

See Document Composition Facility.

default

Pertaining to an attribute, value, or option that is assumed when none is explicitly specified.

deferred-printing mode

A printing mode that spools output through JES to a data set instead of printing it immediately. Output is controlled by using JCL statements. See also direct-printing mode.

DFSMS

See Data Facility Storage Management Subsystem

direct-printing mode

A printing mode that gives PSF exclusive use of a channel-attached printer. Output is printed immediately and is not spooled through JES. See also deferred-printing mode.

disabled mechanism

A function of a printer that is temporarily out of operation or is not supported. In such a case, the device manager, such as PSF, might allow jobs to print with alternative options. See also enabled.

Distributed Print Function (DPF)

A component of InfoPrint Manager for Windows that can be installed and used to print jobs from PSF.

document

(1) A machine-readable collection of one or more objects that represent a composition, a work, or a collection of data.

(2) Data that has already been composed into pages and that contains a Begin Document and an End Document structured field.

Document Composition Facility (DCF)

An IBM licensed program used to format input to a printer.

double-byte coded font

A font in which the characters are defined by 2 bytes. The first byte defines the coded font section; the second byte defines the code point in the code page specified for that section. See also single-byte coded font.

download

To transfer data from a computer to a connected device, such as a workstation or a printer. Typically, users download from a large computer to a diskette or fixed disk on a smaller computer or from a system unit to an adapter.

DPF

See Distributed Print Function.

duplex

Pertaining to printing on both sides of a sheet of paper. See also normal duplex, simplex, and tumble duplex.

E

EBCDIC: See Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code.
electronic form: A collection of constant data that is electronically composed in the host processor and can be merged with variable data on a page during printing.
enabled: (1) Pertaining to a state of the processing unit that allows the occurrence of certain types of interruptions.; (2) A condition of the printer (physically selected) in which the printer is available to the host processor for typical work. The printer is online when in an enabled condition. See also disabled mechanism.
ERP: See error-recovery procedure.
error-recovery procedure (ERP): A procedure designed to help isolate and, where possible, to recover from errors in equipment. The procedure is often used in conjunction with programs that record information about machine malfunctions.
exception: A condition or event that cannot be handled by a normal process.
exception highlighting: The markings placed on the printed page to indicate the location of a data-stream error.
Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code (EBCDIC): A coded character set of 256 eight-bit characters developed for the representation of textual data. EBCDIC is not compatible with ASCII character coding. See also American Standard Code for Information Interchange.
extended code page: A code page that is stored in a partitioned data set (PDS or PDSE) in a font resource library or in a UNIX file in a font path library. Extended code pages might contain Unicode values that a printer uses to print EBCDIC or ASCII encoded text strings with TrueType and OpenType fonts.

F

FCB: See forms control buffer.
file: (1) A collection of related data that is stored and retrieved by an assigned name. A file can include information that starts a program (program-file object), contains text or graphics (data-file object), or processes a series of commands (batch file).; (2) See also data set, partitioned data set, sequential data set, and library.
FOCA: See Font Object Content Architecture.
font: (1) A family or assortment of characters of a given size and style, for example, 9-point Bodoni modern. A font has a unique name and might have a registry number.; (2) A particular type style (for example, Bodoni or Times Roman) that contains definitions of character sets, marker sets, and pattern sets. See also coded font and double-byte coded font.
font character set: (1) Part of an AFP font that contains the raster patterns, identifiers, and descriptions of characters. See also character set.; (2) A Font Object Content Architecture (FOCA) resource containing descriptive information, font metrics, and the digital representation of character shapes for a specified graphic character set.
Font Object Content Architecture (FOCA): An architecture that defines the content of digital font resources by means of a set of parameter definitions.
font section: A subdivision of a double-byte font character set. The section consists of a maximum of 256 characters. See also coded font section.
form: (1) A physical piece of paper or other medium on which data is printed. See also medium, page, and sheet.; (2) A display screen, printed document, or file with defined spaces for information to be inserted.
format: The shape, size, printing requirements, and general makeup of a printed document or presentation display.
formatted print records: Traditional line data made up of records that are formatted for printing on line printers. PSF uses a page definition to print formatted records on page printers.
form definition: An AFP resource object used by PSF that defines the characteristics of the form or printed media, including: overlays to be used, duplex printing, text suppression, the position of composed-text data on the form, and the number and modifications of a page.
forms control buffer (FCB): A buffer for controlling the vertical format of printed output. The FCB is a line-printer control that is similar to the punched-paper, carriage-control tape used on IBM 1403 printers. For AFP page printers, the forms control buffer is replaced by the page definition. See also page definition.
forms flash: In AFP support on the 3800 Printing Subsystem, a means of printing an overlay by using a negative plate projected on a form.

G

global resource identifier (GRID)

An 8-byte identifier that identifies a coded font resource. A GRID contains these fields, in the order listed:

GCSGID of a minimum set of graphic characters required for presentation. It can be a character set that is associated with the code page, with the font character set, or with both.
CPGID of the associated code page.
FGID of the associated font character set.
Font width (FW), in 1440ths of an inch.

glyph

(1) A graphic symbol whose appearance conveys information, for example, the vertical and horizontal arrows on cursor keys that indicate the directions in which they control cursor movement.

(2) An image, typically of a character, in a font. See also character and graphic character.

GOCA

See Graphics Object Content Architecture.

graphical user interface (GUI)

A type of computer interface that presents a visual metaphor of a real-world scene, often of a desktop, by combining high-resolution graphics, pointing devices, menu bars and other menus, overlapping windows, icons and the object-action relationship. See also programming interface for customers.

graphic character

(1) A visual representation of a character, other than a control character, that is typically produced by writing, printing, or displaying. See also glyph.

(2) A member of a set of symbols that represent data. Graphic characters can be letters, digits, punctuation marks, or other symbols.

graphic character identifier

The unique name for a graphic character in a font or in a graphic character set. See also character identifier.

Graphics Object Content Architecture (GOCA)

An architecture that provides a collection of graphics values and control structures used to interchange and present graphics data.

GRID

See global resource identifier.

GUI

See graphical user interface.

H

hardcopy: A printed copy of machine output in a visually readable form, such as printed reports, documents, and summaries. See also softcopy.
hard resource: A resource declared in the appropriate Map structured field and loaded in the printer the first time it is referenced. It can be reused during the job without being reloaded to the printer. See also soft resource.
hardware default font: The font used by the printer if no other font is specified.
hexadecimal: Pertaining to a numbering system that has a base of 16.
HFS: See hierarchical file system.
hierarchical file system (HFS): A system for organizing files in a hierarchy, as in a UNIX system.
host: (1) A computer that is connected to a network and provides an access point to that network. The host can be a client, a server, or both a client and server simultaneously. See also client and server.; (2) In TCP/IP, any system that has at least one Internet address associated with it.
host font: See host resource.
host resource: A resource found either in a system library, in a user library, or inline in the print data set.
host system: See host.

I

image: (1) A pattern of toned and untoned pels that form a picture. See also impression.; (2) An electronic representation of an original document or picture produced by a scanning device or created from software.
image data: (1) A pattern of bits with 0 and 1 values that define the pels in an image. A 1-bit is a toned pel.; (2) Digital data derived from electrical signals that represent a visual image.; (3) Rectangular arrays of raster information that define an image.
Image Object Content Architecture (IOCA): An architecture that provides a collection of constructs used to interchange and present images, such as printing image data on a page, page segment, or overlay.
impact printer: A printer in which printing is the result of mechanically striking the printing medium. See also nonimpact printer.
impression: The transfer of an image to a sheet of paper. Multiple impressions can be printed on each side of a sheet. Printer speed is often measured in impressions per minute (ipm).
InfoPrint AFP Resource Installer: An application that runs on a Windows workstation. InfoPrint AFP Resource Installer installs and manages fonts, data objects, and color management resources (CMRs) in resource libraries. It also creates CMRs and associates CMRs with data objects.
Infoprint Fonts for z/OS: The outline version of the IBM Expanded Core Fonts. The recommended source of AFP fonts for printing with PSF.
inline: Pertaining to spooled input data that is read into a job by a reader. See also inline resource.
inline direction: The direction in which successive characters are added to a line of text.
inline resource: A resource contained in a print file or a print data set.
input/output (I/O): Pertaining to a device, process, channel, or communication path involved in data input, data output, or both.
installation exit: The means specifically described in an IBM software product's documentation by which an IBM software product can be modified by a customer's system programmers to change or extend the functions of the IBM software product. Such modifications consist of exit routines written to replace one or more existing modules of an IBM software product, or to add one or more modules or subroutines to an IBM software product.
Intelligent Printer Data Stream (IPDS): An all-points-addressable data stream that lets users position text, images, graphics, and bar codes at any defined point on a printed page. IPDS is the strategic AFP printer data stream generated by PSF.
interface: A shared boundary between independent systems. An interface can be a hardware component used to link two devices, a convention that supports communication between software systems, or a method for a user to communicate with the operating system, such as a keyboard.
intermediate device: A device that operates on the data stream and is situated between a printer and a presentation services program in the host. Examples include devices that capture and store resources and devices that spool the data stream.
internal copy group: A copy group in a print data set instead of in a form definition. See also copy group.
internal medium map: See internal copy group.
internal object: A structured field that can be included as part of a resource or a print job (data set or file), but that cannot be accessed separately.
I/O: See input/output.
IOCA: See Image Object Content Architecture.
IPDS: See Intelligent Printer Data Stream.

J

JCL: See job control language.
JES: See Job Entry Subsystem.
JES2: An MVS™ subsystem that receives jobs into the system, converts them to internal format, selects them for processing, processes their output, and purges them from the system. In an installation with more than one processor, each JES2 processor independently controls its job input, scheduling, and output processing. See also Job Entry Subsystem and JES3.
JES3: An MVS subsystem that receives jobs into the system, converts them to internal format, selects them for processing, processes their output, and purges them from the system. In complexes that have several loosely coupled processing units, the JES3 program manages processors so that the global processor exercises centralized control over the local processors and distributes jobs to them by using a common job queue. See also Job Entry Subsystem and JES2.
job control language (JCL): A command language that identifies a job to an operating system and describes the job's requirements.
Job Entry Subsystem (JES): An IBM licensed program that receives jobs into the system and processes all output data that is produced by jobs. See also JES2 and JES3.
job header: A page in printed output that indicates the beginning of a user job. A user job can contain one or more data sets, or one or more copies of a print job. See also data set header.
job trailer: A page in the printed output that indicates the end of a user job.

K

Kanji: A graphic character set consisting of symbols used in Japanese ideographic alphabets. Each character is represented by 2 bytes.

L

landscape page presentation

The position of a printed sheet that has its long edges as the top and bottom and its short edges as the sides. See also portrait page presentation.

library

(1) A system object that serves as a directory to other objects. A library groups related objects, and allows the user to find objects by name.

(2) A data file that contains copies of a number of individual files and control information that allows them to be accessed individually.

(3) A partitioned data set or a series of concatenated partitioned data sets.

library member

A named collection of records or statements in a library. See also resource object.

line data

Data prepared for printing on a line printer without any data placement or presentation information. Line data can contain carriage-control characters and table-reference characters (TRC) for spacing and font selections. See also record format line data and traditional line data.

line descriptor

Specifications that describe how traditional line data records are formatted into individual print lines. Line descriptors are interpreted by PSF when formatting printed output.

line merging

The process of printing two or more records of traditional line data at the same location on the page. Line merging is used with traditional line data to mix different fonts on the same line, to underscore or overstrike, and, on impact printers, to create darker print.

line printer

A device that prints a line of characters as a unit. See also page printer.

lines per inch (lpi)

(1) The number of characters that can be printed vertically within an inch.

(2) A unit of measurement for specifying the placement of the baseline.

little endian

Pertaining to the order in which binary data is stored or transmitted with the least significant byte placed first. See also big endian.

logical page

The defined presentation space on the physical form. All the text and images in the print data must fit within the boundaries of the logical page, which has specified characteristics, such as size, shape, orientation, and offset. See also form and physical page.

logical page origin

The point on the logical page from which positions of images, graphics, page overlays, and text with 0-degree inline direction are measured.

logical unit (LU, L-unit)

(1) A unit of linear measurement. For example, in Mixed Object Document Content Architecture (MO:DCA) and AFP data streams, these measurements are used:

1 L-unit = 1/1440 inch
1 L-unit = 1/240 inch

(2) An access point through which a user or application program accesses the SNA network to communicate with another user or application program. An LU can support at least two sessions, one with an SSCP and one with another LU, and might be capable of supporting many sessions with other LUs.

lpi

See lines per inch.

LU

See logical unit.

L-unit

See logical unit.

M

magnetic ink character recognition (MICR): The identification of characters through the use of magnetic ink.
mandatory print labeling (MPL): A class, defined to RACF®, that causes PSF to automatically label separator pages and data pages and to enforce the user printable area.
marking: A method of updating certain structured fields to identify a resource as printer-resident.
media origin: The reference point from which the logical page origin is positioned by the medium map. This point is represented by Xm=0, Ym=0 in the Xm, Ym coordinate system. The media origin is defined relative to the upper-left corner of the form. See also logical page origin. See also logical page origin.
medium: (1) The material on which computer information is stored. Examples of media are diskettes, CDs, DVDs, and tape.; (2) The physical material, such as paper, on which data is printed. See also form, page, and sheet.
medium map: See copy group.
medium overlay: An electronic overlay that is called by the medium map of a form definition for printing at a fixed position on the form. See also page overlay.
member name: The name under which a file is stored in a library. For example, X1BITR is the member name of a font in the font library.
message data set: (1) In PSF, a virtual data set built by the library access system interface (LASI) subcomponent in memory to store error messages for printing at the end of the document.; (2) A data set on disk storage that contains queues of messages awaiting transmission to particular terminal operators or to the host system.
MICR: See magnetic ink character recognition.
microfilm device: An output device that presents a hardcopy on microfilm.
microfilm setup resource: A setup file that contains information used to present AFP data on microfilm. See also object container.
migration: The movement of data when software is upgraded or the data is transferred to a different hardware server or model.
Mixed Object Document Content Architecture (MO:DCA): An architected, device-independent data stream for interchanging documents.
Mixed Object Document Content Architecture for Presentation (MO:DCA-P): The subset of MO:DCA that defines presentation documents. PSF supports MO:DCA Presentation Interchange Set data streams.
mixed-pitch font: A font that simulates a proportionally spaced or typographic font. The characters are in a limited set of pitches (for example, 10 pitch, 12 pitch, and 15 pitch).
MO:DCA: See Mixed Object Document Content Architecture.
MO:DCA data: Print data that has been composed into pages. Text-formatting programs (such as DCF) can produce composed text data consisting entirely of structured fields. ACIF or AFP Download Plus can transform line data or XML data to MO:DCA data.
MO:DCA-P: See Mixed Object Document Content Architecture for Presentation.
MO:DCA IS/1: See MO:DCA Presentation Interchange Set 1.
MO:DCA IS/3: See MO:DCA Presentation Interchange Set 3.
MO:DCA Presentation Interchange Set 1 (MO:DCA IS/1): A subset of MO:DCA that defines an interchange format for presentation documents.
MO:DCA Presentation Interchange Set 3 (MO:DCA IS/3): A subset of MO:DCA that defines an interchange format for presentation documents. The MO:DCA IS/3 data stream includes structured fields that are not found in MO:DCA IS/1.
monospaced font: A font in which the spacing of the characters does not vary. See uniformly spaced font. See also proportionally spaced font.
MPL: See mandatory print labeling.
multiple up: The printing of more than one page on a single surface of a sheet of paper.
Multiple Virtual Storage (MVS): An IBM operating system that accesses multiple address spaces in virtual storage.
MVS: See Multiple Virtual Storage.

N

nonimpact printer: A printer in which printing is not the result of mechanical impacts, for example, a thermal printer, an electrostatic printer, and a photographic printer. See also impact printer.
normal duplex: Pertaining to printing on both sides of the paper such that the top of one side is at the same end as the top of the other side. Normal duplex printing is used for forms that are bound on the long edge of the paper, regardless of whether the printing is portrait or landscape. See also duplex and tumble duplex.
numeric data: Data represented by numerals. See also character data.
N_UP: The partitioning of a side of a sheet into a fixed number of equal size partitions. For example, N_UP 4 divides each side of the sheet into four equal partitions. In enhanced N_UP printing, the sheet can be divided into 8 partitions, each of which can be anywhere on a single side of the sheet.

O

object: In AFP architecture, a collection of structured fields, bounded by a begin-object function and an end-object function. The object can contain other structured fields containing data elements of a particular type. Examples of objects are text, fonts, graphics, images, and bar codes.
object container: A MO:DCA structure that carries object data, which might or might not be defined by a presentation architecture.
offset stacking: A function that allows the printed output pages to be offset for easy separation of the print jobs.
OGL: See Overlay Generation Language.
OpenType font: An extension of the TrueType font format that adds support for PostScript outlines and more support for international character sets and advanced typographic control.
option: A specification in a statement that can influence the running of the statement.
orientation: In printing, the number of degrees an object is rotated relative to a reference; for example, the orientation of an overlay relative to the logical page origin, or the orientation of printing on a page relative to the page coordinates. Orientation typically applies to blocks of information, whereas character rotation applies to individual characters. See also character rotation.
origin: (1) A position from which the placement and orientation of an element is specified.; (2) The point in a coordinate system where the axes intersect. Examples of origins are the addressable position in an X m ,Ym coordinate system where both coordinate values are zero and the character reference point in a character coordinate system.
outline font: A font whose graphic character shapes are defined by mathematical equations rather than by raster patterns. See also raster font.
overlay: (1) A resource object that contains predefined presentation data, such as text, image, graphics, and bar code data, that can be merged with variable data on a page or form while printing. See also page overlay and medium overlay.; (2) The final representation of a collection of predefined presentation data on a physical medium.
Overlay Generation Language (OGL): An IBM licensed program used for designing objects (such as lines, boxes, shadings, and irregular shapes) for electronic overlays.

P

page: (1) A collection of data that can be printed on one side of a sheet of paper or a form.; (2) A data stream object delimited by a Begin Page structured field and an End Page structured field. A page can contain presentation data such as text, image, graphics, and bar code data. See also logical page and physical page.
page definition: An AFP resource object used by PSF that defines the rules for transforming line data and XML data into MO:DCA data and text controls, such as width of margins and text orientation.
page format: See data map.
page mode: The mode of operation in which a page printer can accept an entire page of data from a host processor to be printed on an all-points-addressable output medium. A page of data can consist of text, images, overlays, and page segments.
page origin: See logical page origin.
page overlay: An electronic overlay that can be called for printing and positioned at any point on the page by an Invoke Page Overlay structured field in the print data. See also medium overlay.
page position: A control in the copy group to assign the upper-left boundary point of the logical page on a sheet for a data set. The page position is determined from the media origin.
page printer: (1) In AFP support, any of a class of printers that accepts composed pages, constructed of composed text and images, among other things. See also line printer.; (2) A device that prints one page at a time.
Page Printer Formatting Aid (PPFA): An IBM licensed program with which to create and store form definitions and page definitions, which are resource objects used for print-job management. These stored objects are used to format printed output.
page segment: An AFP resource object containing text, image, graphics, or bar code data that can be positioned on any addressable point on a page or an electronic overlay.
parameter: A value or reference passed to a function, command, or program that serves as input or controls actions. The value is supplied by a user or by another program or process.
partition: In basic N_UP printing, the division of the medium presentation space into a specified number of equal-sized areas in a manner determined by the current physical medium.
partitioned data set (PDS): A data set in direct-access storage that is divided into partitions, called members, each of which can contain a program, part of a program, or data. See also sequential data set.
PDS: See partitioned data set.
pel: See picture element.
physical medium: A physical entity on which information is presented; for example, a sheet of paper, a roll of paper, microfilm, an envelope, label, or display screen.
physical page: A single surface (front or back) of a form. See also form, logical page, and page.
picture element (pel, pixel): (1) An element of a raster pattern about which a toned area on the photoconductor might appear. When used with a number, "pel" indicates resolution. Examples include 240-pel and 300-pel.; (2) The smallest printable or displayable unit that can be displayed. A common measurement of device resolution is picture elements per inch. Typical monitors display between 72 and 96 pixels per inch. Characters and graphics are created by turning pixels on or off.
pitch: A unit of measurement for the width of type (or a printed character), based on the number of characters that can be set (or printed) in one linear inch; for example, 10-pitch has 10 characters per inch. Uniformly spaced fonts are measured in pitch. See also point.
pixel: See picture element.
point: A unit of measurement used mainly for describing type sizes. Each pica has 12 points, and an inch has approximately 72 points. See also pitch.
point size: The height of a font in points.
portrait page presentation: The position of a printed sheet that has its short edges as the top and bottom and its long edges as the sides. See also landscape page presentation.
PostScript: A page description language developed by Adobe Systems, Incorporated that describes how text and graphics are presented on printers and display devices.
PPFA: See Page Printer Formatting Aid.
preprinted form: A sheet of paper containing a preprinted design of constant data on which variable data can be printed.
presentation text: See composed text.
Presentation Text Object Content Architecture (PTOCA): An architecture that provides a collection of constructs used to interchange and present presentation text data, such as printing text data on a page, page segment, or overlay.
printable area: The area on a sheet of paper where print can be placed.
print data set: A data set created by an application program that contains the actual information to be printed and, optionally, some of the data that controls the format of the printing. The types of print data sets are composed text, line format, XML data, and mixed format. See also auxiliary data set and print file.
print direction: A combination of the inline direction and the baseline direction.
Printer Control Language (PCL): The Hewlett Packard page description language that is used in laser and ink-jet printers.
print file: A file that is created for the purpose of printing data. A print file includes information to be printed and, optionally, some of the data that controls the format of the printing. See also print data set.
print job: One or more documents submitted in the same job to be printed on the same printer.
print labeling: A controlled method of placing identification labels on each page of PSF printed output.
print position: Any location on a medium where a character can be printed.
print quality: The measure of the quality of printed output relative to existing standards and in comparison with jobs printed previously.
Print Services Facility™ (PSF): An IBM licensed program that manages and controls the input data stream and output data stream required by supported page printers.
processor: In a computer, the part that interprets and processes instructions. Two typical components of a processor are a control unit and an arithmetic logic unit.
programming interface for customers: Any product method that lets a customer-written program obtain the services of the product (for example, CSECT names, data areas or control blocks, data sets or files, exits, macros, parameter lists, and programming languages). Not all products have programming interfaces for customers; some products provide their services through graphical user interfaces, while others provide their services only to other products. See also graphical user interface.
programming request for price quotation (PRPQ): A customer request for a price quotation on alterations or additions to the functional capabilities of system control programming or licensed programs. The PRPQ can be used in conjunction with computing system RPQs to solve unique data processing problems. See also computing system RPQ.
program temporary fix (PTF): For System i®, System p®, and System z® products, a package containing individual or multiple fixes that is made available to all licensed customers. A PTF resolves defects and might provide enhancements.
proportionally spaced font: A font in which the character increment for each graphic character varies. Proportionally spaced fonts provide the appearance of even spacing between presented characters and eliminate excess blank space around narrow characters, such as the letter "i". See mixed-pitch font and monospaced font.
protocol: A set of rules controlling the communication and transfer of data between two or more devices or systems in a communications network.
PRPQ: See programming request for price quotation.
PSF: See Print Services Facility.
PSF Direct: A function of InfoPrint Manager for AIX® 4.2 or earlier or InfoPrint Manager for Windows 2.2 or earlier that enables another PSF program to print remotely.
PTF: See program temporary fix.
PTOCA: See Presentation Test Object Content Architecture.

R

RACF: See Resource Access Control Facility.
raster font: A font in which the characters are defined directly by the raster bit map. See also outline font.
raster pattern: A series of picture elements (pels) arranged in scan lines to form an image. The toned or untoned status of each pel creates an image. A digitized raster pattern is an array of bits. The on or off status of each bit determines the toned or untoned status of each pel.
RAT: See resource access table.
RDW: See record descriptor word.
record descriptor: Specifications that describe how record format line data records are formatted into individual print lines. Record descriptors are interpreted by PSF when formatting printed output.
record descriptor word (RDW): Data preceding a variable record or a structured field that specifies the length of the entire record including the RDW.
record format line data: A form of line data where each record is preceded by a 10-byte identifier. See also line data.
repositioning: A process in which PSF, following an indication from the printer of a potentially recoverable error, locates the proper spool record for recomposing one or more pages for printing.
request for price quotation (RPQ): A customer request for a price quotation on alterations or additions to the functional capabilities of a hardware product for a computing system or a device. See computing system RPQ and programming request for price quotation.
resident resource: A resource, such as a font, symbol set, page segment, or overlay, that resides in a printer or an intermediary device, such as a personal computer.
resolution: A measure of the sharpness of an image, expressed as the number of lines per unit of length or the number of points per unit of area discernible in that image.
resource: A collection of printing instructions used, in addition to the print data set, to produce the printed output. Resources include coded fonts, font character sets, code pages, page segments, overlays, form definitions, and page definitions.
Resource Access Control Facility (RACF): An IBM licensed program that provides for access control by identifying users to the system, verifying users of the system, authorizing access to protected resources, logging unauthorized attempts to enter the system, and logging accesses to protected resources.
resource access table (RAT): An array of data that is used to map a resource name specified in the MO:DCA data stream to information used to find and process the resource on a given system.
resource name: The name under which an AFP resource object is stored, the first 2 characters of which indicate the resource type.
resource object: In AFP, a collection of printing instructions, and sometimes data to be printed, that consists entirely of structured fields. A resource object is stored as a member (or file) of a library and can be called for by PSF when needed. The different resource objects include: coded font, font character set, code page, page segment, overlay, form definition, and page definition. See also library member.
rotation: The number of degrees a graphic character is turned relative to the page coordinates. See character rotation. See also orientation.
routine: (1) A set of statements in a program that causes the system to perform an operation or a series of related operations.; (2) A program or sequence of instructions called by a program. Typically, a routine has a general purpose and is frequently used.
RPQ: See request for price quotation.
rule: A solid or patterned line of any weight (line width) that extends horizontally across a row or page, or vertically down a column or page.

S

segment: A collection of composed text and images, prepared before formatting and included in a document when it is printed. See also page segment.
sequence number: A 2-byte field in the structured field introducer that identifies the position of the structured field in the data set.
sequential data set: A data set whose records are organized on the basis of their successive physical positions, such as on magnetic tape. See also partitioned data set.
server: A software program or a computer that provides services to other software programs or other computers. The program or computer making the request of the server is typically called the client. See also client and host.
service program: See utility program.
sheet: A division of the physical medium; multiple sheets can exist on a physical medium. For example, a roll of paper might be divided by a printer into rectangular pieces of paper, each representing a sheet. Envelopes are an example of a physical medium that comprises only one sheet. The IPDS architecture defines four types of sheets: cut-sheets, continuous forms, envelopes, and computer output on microfilm. Each type of sheet has a top edge. A sheet has two sides, a front side and a back side. See also form.
shift-out, shift-in (SOSI): Special EBCDIC or ASCII characters that exist in the data stream to indicate the switches between double-byte fonts and single-byte fonts.
simplex: Pertaining to printing on only one side of the paper. See also duplex, normal duplex, and tumble duplex.
single-byte coded font: A font in which the characters are defined by a 1-byte code point. A single-byte coded font has only one coded font section. See also double-byte coded font.
skip: (1) A move of the current print position to another location.; (2) To ignore one or more instructions in a sequence of instructions.; (3) To pass over one or more positions on a data medium; for example, to perform one or more line feed operations.
SMF: See System Management Facilities.
SNA: See Systems Network Architecture.
SNA-attached: Pertaining to a device that is linked to the host system through VTAM® or ACF/VTAM and uses an SNA protocol to transfer data. It does not need to be physically connected to the host; some printers are attached to a control unit, a communication controller, or both, and they can transfer data over telecommunication lines. For example, an IBM 3825 Page Printer attached to a communication controller that uses the LU 6.2 communication protocol to transfer data to a communication controller is considered an SNA-attached printer. See also channel-attached and TCP/IP-attached.
softcopy: One or more files that can be electronically distributed, manipulated, and printed by a user. See also hardcopy.
soft resource: A resource that is not declared in a Map structured field but is sent to the printer inline with data. It cannot be reused during the job without being reloaded to the printer. See also hard resource.
SOSI: See shift-out, shift-in.
stacker: An enclosure in a printer in which printed media is stacked.
startup procedure: A program used to start an application and to specify initialization parameters, libraries that contain system resources, and routing-control information.
storage: (1) A functional unit in which data can be placed and retained, and from which it can be retrieved. See also virtual storage.; (2) The location of saved information.
structured field: (1) A self-identifying string of bytes and its data or parameters.; (2) A mechanism that permits variable length data to be encoded for transmission in the data stream.
subgroup: A set of modifications in a copy group that applies to a certain number of copies of a form. A copy group can contain more than one subgroup.
subpage: A part of a logical page on which traditional line data can be placed. In the page definition, multiple subpages can be placed on a physical page as specified in the print data.
suppression: A method used to prevent presentation of specified data. In AFP support, a page- and form-definition function that is used to identify fields in a print record that are not printed on selected pages of a document. See also text suppression.
symbol set: A type of font that resides in a printer but has fewer attributes than can be specified for resident coded fonts. See also character set.
SYSIN: See system input stream.
SYSOUT: See system output stream.
system input stream (SYSIN): A data definition (DD) statement used to begin an in-stream data set. See also system output stream.
system library: A collection of data sets or files in which one or more system resources are stored. See also user library.
System Management Facilities (SMF): A component of z/OS that collects and records a variety of system and job-related information. Examples of information collected by SMF are statistics, accounting information, and performance data.
system output stream (SYSOUT): A data definition (DD) statement used to identify a data set as a system output data set. See also system input stream.
system path library: A path or set of paths for system UNIX files that contain font objects. See also user path library.
Systems Network Architecture (SNA): The description of the logical structure, formats, protocols, and operational sequences for transmitting information units through the networks and controlling the configuration and operation of networks. The layered structure of SNA allows the ultimate origins and destinations of information (the users) to be independent of and unaffected by the specific SNA network services and facilities that are used for information exchange.

T

table reference character (TRC): A numeric character corresponding to the order in which font character sets have been specified. The TRC is used to select a font character set during printing.
TCP/IP-attached: Pertaining to a device that is linked to an operating system through an Internet Protocol network and receives data from the system by using an application-layer protocol for IPDS printers. Some TCP/IP-attached printers require the i-data 7913 IPDS Printer LAN Attachment. See also channel-attached and SNA-attached.
text: A sequence of characters that can be read by a person and encoded into formats such as ASCII that can be interpreted by a computer.
text control: Structured field data that control the format, placement, and appearance of text.
text control sequence: A text control and its associated data.
text orientation: A description of the appearance of text as a combination of print direction and character rotation.
text suppression: The intentional omission of portions of text in copy groups specified in the form definition.
throughput: (1) The measure of the amount of work performed by a device, such as a computer or printer, over a period of time, for example, the number of jobs per day.; (2) In data communications, the total traffic between stations over a period of time.
trace: (1) A record of the processing of a computer program or transaction. The information collected from a trace can be used to assess problems and performance.; (2) A DB2® for z/OS facility that provides the ability to collect monitoring, auditing, performance, accounting, statistics, and serviceability (global) data.
traditional line data: A form of line data that is prepared for printing on a line printer. See also line data.
transmission: The sending of data from one place for reception elsewhere.
tray: See bin.
TRC: See table reference character.
TrueType font: A font format based on scalable outline technology in which the graphic character shapes are based on quadratic curves. The font is described with a set of tables contained in a TrueType font file.
tumble duplex: Pertaining to printing on both sides of the paper such that the top of one side is at the same end as the bottom of the other side. Tumble duplex printing is used for forms that are bound on the short edge of the paper, regardless of whether the printing is portrait or landscape. See also duplex, normal duplex, and simplex.
typeface: All characters of a single type family or style, weight class, width class, and posture, regardless of size. An example is Helvetica bold condensed italic, in any point size. See also font.
type size: A measurement in pitch or points of the height and width of a graphic character in a font. For example, the vertical height (point size) of a given typeface, such as 10 point.
typographic font: See proportionally spaced font.

U

UCS: See universal character set.
unbounded-box font: A font designed to use unbounded-character boxes. See also bounded-box font.
unbounded-character box: A character box that can have blank space on any sides of the character shape. See also bounded-character box.
unformatted print records: Traditional line data made up of fields of data that have not been formatted into print lines. PSF uses a page definition to format these records for printing on page printers.
Unicode: A character encoding standard that supports the interchange, processing, and display of text that is written in the common languages around the world, plus some classical and historical texts. For example, the text name for $ is "dollar sign" and its numeric value is X'0024'. The Unicode standard has a 16-bit character set defined by ISO 10646.
uniformly spaced font: A font in which the character increment for each graphic character is the same. See also monospaced font and proportionally spaced font.
universal character set (UCS): A printer feature that permits the use of a variety of character arrays. See font.
UNIX file: An object that exists in a hierarchical file system. Examples of UNIX files are a DFSMS Hierarchical File System (HFS), a Network File System (NFS), a temporary file system (TFS), and the z/OS File System (zFS).
UPA: See user printable area.
user library: A private print-resource library owned by an individual user, accessed only when the name is specified by the owner in a JCL statement.
user path library: A private font library owned by an individual user, accessed only when the path name is specified by the owner in a JCL statement.
user printable area (UPA): The area within the valid printable area (VPA) where user-generated data can print without causing an exception condition. See also valid printable area.
utility program: A computer program in general support of computer processes; for example, a diagnostic program, a trace program, or a sort program.

V

valid printable area (VPA): The intersection of the current logical page or current overlay with the physical page in which printing is allowed. See also user printable area.
value: In programming, the alphabetic or numeric contents of a variable, parameter, special register, field, or storage location.
virtual storage: The storage space that can be regarded as addressable main storage by the user of a computer system in which virtual addresses are mapped into real addresses. The size of virtual storage is limited by the addressing scheme of the computer system and by the amount of auxiliary storage available, not by the actual number of main storage locations. See also storage.
Virtual Telecommunications Access Method (VTAM): An IBM licensed program that controls communication and the flow of data in an SNA network. It provides single-domain, multiple-domain, and interconnected network capability.
VPA: See valid printable area.
VTAM: See Virtual Telecommunications Access Method.

X

XML data: Data identified with the Extensible Markup Language (XML), which is a standard metalanguage for defining markup languages that is based on Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML). For printing on page printers, a page definition is required to provide the data placement and presentation information. The XML data processed by PSF can be encoded in EBCDIC, ASCII, UTF-8 or UTF-16.

Z

zFS: See z/OS File System.
z/OS: An IBM mainframe operating system that uses 64-bit real storage.
z/OS File System (zFS): A type of file system that resides in a Virtual Storage Access Method (VSAM) linear data set (LDS). zFS contains files and directories that can be used by z/OS UNIX System Services to provide data access over IP networks.
z/OS Font Collection: A base element of z/OS V2R1 that contains a comprehensive set of fonts, including AFP outline fonts, AFP raster fonts, and WorldType fonts (TrueType and OpenType fonts).

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