This glossary defines technical terms and abbreviations that this document uses.

http://www.ibm.com/software/globalization/terminology/

A

additive primary colors

Red, green, and blue light that is transmitted in video monitors and televisions. When used in various degrees of intensity and variation, these colors create all other colors of light; when superimposed equally, they create white. Contrast with subtractive primary colors.

Advanced Function Presentation (AFP)

A set of licensed programs, together with user applications, that use the all-points-addressability concept. AFP lets you print data on a wide variety of printers, or to view data on a variety of display devices. AFP includes creating, formatting, archiving, retrieving, view and distributing information.

AFP

Advanced Function Presentation.

All-points-addressability (APA)

The capability to address, reference, and position text, overlays, and images at any defined point on the printable area of the paper.

APA

All-points-addressability.

APAR

Authorized program analysis report.

authorized program analysis report (APAR)

A report of a problem caused by a suspected defect in a current, unaltered release of a program.

C

carriage control

An optional character in an input record that specifies a write, space, or skip operation.

case-sensitive

The ability to distinguish between uppercase and lowercase letters.

character set

1. A defined set of characters with no coded representation assumed that can be recognized by a configured hardware or software system. A character set might be defined by alphabet, language, script, or any combination of these items.
2. An AFP font file that contains the raster patterns or outlines, identifiers, and descriptions of characters.

CIELAB

Internationally accepted color space model used as a standard to define color within the graphic arts industry and other industries. L*, a* and b* are plotted at right angles to one another. Equal distances in the space represent approximately equal color difference. L* values represent a progression from black to white, a* values represent a progression from green to red, and b* values represent a progression from blue to yellow.

coded font

A unique bit pattern that can serve as an element of a code page or a site in a code table, to which a character can be assigned. The element is associated with a binary value. The assignment of a character to an element of a code page determines the binary value that is used to represent each occurrence of the character in a character string. Code points are one or more bytes long. See also code page.

code page

A resource object containing descriptive information, graphic character identifiers, and code points corresponding to a coded graphic character set. A set of assignments, each of which assigns a code point to a character. Each code page has a unique name or identifier. Within a given code page, a code point is assigned to one character. More than one character set can be assigned code points from the same code page. See also code point.

code point

A unique bit pattern that represents a character in a code page. See also code page.

color space

The method that specifies how color information is represented. For example, the RGB color space specifies color in terms of three intensities for red (R), green (G), and blue (B). Synonymous to color model.

D

data check

A synchronous or asynchronous indication of a condition that either invalid data or incorrect positioning of data can cause. You can suppress some data checks.

data control block (DCB)

Through the use of subparameters, the DCB parameter describes the characteristics of a data set.

data definition (DD)

A JCL statement that describes a data set this is associated with a specific job step. DD statements also describe input resources and output resources that the data set needs.

data stream

1. The commands, control codes, data, or structured fields that are transmitted between an application program and a device such as printer or nonprogrammable display station.
2. All data sent through a data channel in a single read or a single write operation.
3. A continuous stream of data elements in transmission, or intended for transmission, in character or binary-digit form that use a defined format.
4. Records sent to the printer driver from the print data sets and the resource libraries.

DBCS

Double-byte character set.

DCB

Data control block.

DD

Data definition.

default

An attribute, value, or command option that a program assumes when you do not specify one.

DLL

Dynamic link library.

double-byte character set (DBCS)

A set of characters in which each character is represented by two bytes. Languages such as Japanese, Chinese, and Korean, which contain more symbols than 256 code points can represent, require double-byte character sets. Because each character requires two bytes, the typing, display, and printing of DBCS characters require hardware and programs that support DBCS. Contrast with single-byte character set.

duplex printing

Printing on both sides of a sheet of paper, with the placement of the output images in a head-to-head format on the page. This places the top of one image at the same edge as the top of the next image. Synonymous with normal duplex printing. See also tumble duplex printing. Contrast with simplex printing.

dynamic link library

A file that contains executable code and data bound to a program at load time or run time, rather than during linking. Several applications can share the code and data in a dynamic link library simultaneously.

E

effective user identifier (effective UID)

When a user becomes a z/OS UNIX user, the UID from the RACF® user profile for the user becomes the additive UID of the process for the user. The system uses the effective UID to determine if the user is a file owner.

electronic overlay

An overlay that is in a library and that you or an application can request for a printing job. See also overlay.

F

FCB

Forms Control Buffer

File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

1. In TCP/IP, the application protocol that makes it possible to transfer data to and from host computers, and to use foreign hosts indirectly.
2. In the Internet suite of protocols, an application layer protocol that uses TCP and Telnet services to transfer bulk-data files between machines or hosts.

font

1. A collection of characters of a given typeface and size.
2. Used generically to mean the collection of coded fonts, character sets, and code pages.

form

In AFP, a physical sheet of paper on which data prints. Synonymous with physical page and sheet.

form definition

An AFP resource that defines the characteristics of the form, which include:

• Overlays required, if any
• Paper source (for cut-sheet printers)
• Duplex printing
• Text suppression
• Position of composed-text data on the form

Forms Control Buffer (FCB)

1. An area of virtual storage in a printer control unit that contains the binary image of an IBM 3211 printer carriage control tape, the binary image itself, or a member of the z/OS system PDS SYS1.IMAGELIB, which contains such an image in the form of an assembled and linkedited CSECT. FCBs control vertical and horizontal placement of data on the page by assigning carriage control channels to line numbers, and designating a line number as the bottom of the form.
2. A buffer for controlling the vertical format of printed output. The FCB is a line-printer control that is similar to the punched-paper, carriage-control tape. For Advanced Function Presentation printers, the forms control buffer is replaced by the page definition.

FSA

Functional subsystem application.

FSS

Functional subsystem.

FTP

File Transfer Protocol.

Functional subsystem (FSS)

An address space uniquely identified as performing a specific function related to the Job Entry Subsystem (JES). For JES2, and example of an FSS is the Print Services Facility program.

Functional subsystem application (FSA)

The functional application program that the functional subsystem manages.

G

GID

z/OS UNIX group identifier.

I

image

1. An electronic representation of an original document or picture produced by a scanning device or created from software.
2. A pattern of toned and untoned pels that form a picture.

installation verification procedure (IVP)

A program provided with a product that verifies the success of the installation and processes a test job.

Interactive System Productivity Facility (ISPF)

An IBM licensed program that serves as a full-screen editor and dialogue manager. When you write application programs, ISPF provides a means of generating standard screen panels and interactive dialogues between the application programmer and the terminal user.

Internet

A wide area network that connects thousands of disparate networks in industry, education, government, and research. The Internet network uses TCP/IP to transmit information.

IP PrintWay

A component of Infoprint Server that transmits output data sets from the JES spool to remote printers or a remote print server, and to email destinations. When you use IP PrintWay with Infoprint XT, you use the LPR protocol, which is a TCP/IP protocol.

ISPF

Interactive System Productivity Facility.

IVP

Installation verification procedure.

J

JCL

Job control language.

JES

Job entry subsystem.

JES2

A z/OS subsystem that receives jobs into the system, converts them to internal formats, selects them for execution, processes their output, and purges them from the system. In an installation with more than one processor, each JES2 processor independently controls its job input, scheduling, and output processing. See also JES3.

JES3

A z/OS subsystem that receives jobs into the system, converts them to internal formats, selects them for execution, processes their output, and purges them from the system. In complexes that have several loosely coupled processing units, the JES3 program manages processors so that the global processor exercises centralized control over the local processors, and distributes jobs to them through a common job queue. See also JES2.

job control language (JCL)

A language of control statements used to identify a computer job or describe its requirements to an operating system.

job entry subsystem (JES)

1. An IBM licensed program that receives jobs into the system and processes all output data that is produced by jobs.
2. A z/OS subsystem that receives jobs into the system, converts them to an internal format, selects them for execution, processes their output, and purges them from the system.

L

landscape orientation

The position of a printed page on a sheet of paper, so that the longer edges of the paper are the top and bottom of the page, and the shorter edges of the paper are the sides of the page. Contrast with portrait orientation.

line printer

A device that prints individual characters in sequence from left to right, and top to bottom. Contrast with page printer.

logical page

Synonymous with page.

M

multiple-up printing

Arrangement of more than one page of data on a single sheet of paper. The term N_UP refers to multiple-up printing

N

non-process runout (NPRO)

1. An operation that moves paper or forms through the paper path of a printer without printing.
2. The process of removing the last few sheets of a job that has finished printing on a continuous-forms printer. Typically, the last sheets of a job remain in the printer, and the next job forces the last sheets of the previous job out of the printer. This procedure saves time when printing is continuous, but when a delay exists between jobs, it is necessary to remove the end of the last job. After a period of time, as specified by an NPRO parameter, the printer clears out the last sheets of the job.

normal duplex printing

Duplex printing for sheets that are bound on the long edge of the paper, regardless of whether the printing is in portrait orientation or landscape orientation. Contrast with tumble duplex printing.

NPRO

Non-process runout.

O

orientation

1. In printing, the number of degrees an object is rotated relative to a reference; for example, the orientation of an overlay relative to the logical page origin, or the orientation of printing on a page relative to the page coordinates. Orientation usually applies to blocks of information. Character rotation applies to individual characters.
2. The angle between the top or bottom edge of the page and the baselines of text, as measured in a clockwise direction.
3. The rotation of an element relative to a fixed reference.

output writer

A part of the job scheduler that transcribes specified output data sets onto a system output device that is independent of the program that produced the data sets.

overlay

1. A resource object that can contain text, image, graphics, and bar code data. Overlays define their own environment and are often used as electronic forms.
2. A collection of predefined fixed data, such as lines, shading, text, boxes, or logos that can merge with variable data on a sheet while printing.

P

page

1. In AFP, a data stream object delimited by a Begin Page structured field and an End Page structured field. A page can contain presentation data such as text, image, graphics, and bar code data.
2. A collection of data that can print on a physical sheet of paper. Synonymous with logical page.

page definition

1. An AFP resource that defines the rules for transforming line data and XML data into MO:DCA-P data and text controls.
2. An AFP resource that contains a set of formatting controls for printing logical pages of data. It includes controls for the number of lines per sheet, font selection, print direction, and mappings for individual data fields to positions on the printed sheet.

page printer

Any of a class of printers that accepts composed pages, constructed of composed text and images, among other things, and that prints any sequence of pels in any order on the page. Contrast with line printer.

page segment

1. An AFP resource object that contains text, image, graphics, or bar code data that can be positioned on any addressable point on a page or an electronic overlay.
2. An AFP resource prepared before formatting and included during printing. Synonymous with segment. Compare with electronic overlay.

partitioned data set (PDS)

A data set in direct access storage that is divided into partitions, called members, each of which can contain a program, part of a program, or data.

partitioned data set extended (PDSE)

The partitioned data set extended is a storage management subsystem formatted data set. Externally, the PDSE is very similar to a PDS. Internally, the PDSE contains a different directory structure, member format, and record format. A PDSE is indistinguishable from a PDS through most interfaces used to access a PDS directory or member. You can concatenate a PDSE library with a PDS library if they have consistent record formats and logical record lengths.

PDS

Partitioned data set.

PDSE

Partitioned data set extended.

physical page

Synonymous with form. Contrast with logical page.

portrait orientation

The position of a printed page on a sheet of paper. The shorter edges of the paper are the top and bottom of the page, and the longer edges are the sides of the page. Contrast with landscape orientation.

print data stream

The data stream that PSF creates and transmits to the printer. PSF uses the print job that the user submits, and resources from the libraries to create the print data stream.

print job

The data to print, along with the specifications for how it should print, that you submit to Infoprint XT for processing. A print job is similar to a report, the Xerox term used for the job.

printer device

The actual printer hardware, such as an InfoPrint 4100.

printer driver

The IBM program product that provides the transform programs that convert a job into the device-specific data stream required by the printer device.

Print Services Facility™ (PSF)

1. An IBM licensed program that produces printer commands from the data sent to it.
2. A program that manages and controls the input data stream and output data stream required by supported printers.

program temporary fix (PTF)

A temporary solution or bypass of a problem diagnosed by IBM in a current, unaltered release of the program.

PSF

Print Services Facility.

PTF

Program temporary fix.

R

RACF

Resource Access Control Facility.

resource

In the AFP architecture, a collection of printing instructions and sometimes data that consists entirely of AFP structured fields. You store a resource as a member of a library. Coded fonts, font character sets, code pages, page segments, overlays, form definitions, and page definitions are all AFP resources.

Resource Access Control Facility (RACF)

An IBM licensed program that provides access control by identifying users to the system; authorizing access to protected resources; logging detected, unauthorized attempts to enter the system; and logging detected accesses to protected resources.

S

SBCS

Single-byte character set.

SDSF

System Display and Search Facility.

section

A portion of a double-byte code page that consists of 256 consecutive entries. The first byte of a two-byte code point is the section identifier. A code-page section is also called a code-page ward in some environments. See also code page and code point.

section identifier

A value that identifies a section. Synonymous with section number.

section number

A value that identifies a section. Synonymous with section identifier.

server

1. On a network, the computer that contains the data or provides the facilities that other computers on the network can access.
2. A program that handles protocol, queuing, routing, and other tasks that are necessary for data transfer between devices in a computer system.

simplex printing

To print on only one side of the paper. Contrast with duplex printing.

single-byte character set (SBCS)

A character set in which a one-byte code represents each character. Contrast with double-byte character set.

SPOOL (simultaneous peripheral operations online)

Auxiliary storage used as a buffer storage to reduce processing delays when transferring data between peripheral equipment and the processors of a computer.

sRGB

A standard additive color model used for color video displays, printers, and web pages. sRGB is defined in International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standard 61966-2-1.

standard error (STDERR)

In the UNIX System Services environment, the primary destination of the error messages that a command, or a program generates. Standard error corresponds to file descriptor two; fd2

standard input (STDIN)

In the UNIX System Services environment, the primary source of data that enters into a command. Standard input comes from the keyboard unless you use redirection or piping, in which case the input can be from a file, or from the output of another command. Standard input corresponds to file descriptor zero; fd0

standard output (STDOUT)

In the UNIX System Services environment, the primary destination of data that comes from a command. Standard output goes to the display unless you use redirection or piping, in which case the output can go to a file, or to another command. Standard error corresponds to file descriptor one; fd1.

starting environment

As used in this document, the starting environment is the JDL and JDE names that a printer operator enters with the Xerox START command at the printer console before processing jobs. The starting environment establishes things such as an initial list of fonts and forms that are available to every job that the printer processes. The job might temporarily modify the starting environment, to provide additional information and resources that the job requires.

STDERR

Standard error.

STDIN

Standard input.

STDOUT

Standard output.

streams

In the UNIX System Services environment, preconnected input and output channels between a computer program and its environment (typically a keyboard) when it begins execution. The three I/O connections are called standard input (stdin), standard output (stdout) and standard error (stderr).

structured field

A self-identifying string of bytes and either its data or parameters; the basic building blocks of AFP resources and formatted AFP output.

subtractive primary colors

Cyan, magenta, and yellow colorants used to subtract a portion of the white light that is illuminating an object. Subtractive colors are reflective on paper and printed media. When used together with different degrees of coverage and variation, they have the ability to create billions of other colors. Contrast with additive primary colors.

superuser

Synonym for root user.

System Display and Search Facility (SDSF)

An IBM-licensed program that provides a menu-driven, full screen interface to obtain detailed information about the jobs and resources in a JES2 system.

T

TCP/IP

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol.

Time Sharing Option (TSO)

An option of the z/OS operating system that provides interactive time sharing from remote terminals.

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)

A set of communications protocols that support peer-to-peer connectivity functions for both local and wide area networks.

TSO

Time Sharing Option.

tumble duplex printing

Duplex printing for sheets that are to be bound on the short edge of the paper, regardless of whether the printing is portrait or landscape. Contrast with normal duplex printing.

U

UID

z/OS UNIX user ID.

user ID

1. A unique string of characters that identifies an operator to the system. This string of characters limits the functions and information that the operator can use.
2. The identification associated with a user or job. The two types of user IDs are:

   TSO/E user ID

   A string of characters that uniquely identifies a TSO/E user or a batch job owner to the security program for the system. The USER parameter on the JOB statement identifies the job batch owner, or it is inherited from the submitter of the job. This user ID identifies a RACF user profile.

   z/OS UNIX user ID

   A fullword integer that the security administrator assigns to each MVS™ user ID. This integer, referred to as the UID, is the sole authority checking against such POSIX-defined resources as hierarchical files.

   A user ID is equivalent to an account on a UNIX-type system.

W

ward

A deprecated term for section.

Z

z/OS UNIX group identifier (GID)

A number between 0 and 2 147 483 647 that identifies a group of users to z/OS UNIX. The GID is associated with a RACF group name when it is specified in the OMVS segment of the group profile.

z/OS UNIX user ID (UID)

A number between 0 and 2 147 483 647 that identifies a user to z/OS UNIX. The UID is associated with a RACF user ID when it is specified in the OMVS segment of the user profile. It can be contained in an object of type uid_t, that is used to identify a system user. When the identity of the user is associated with a process, a UID value is referred to as a real UID, and effective UID, or an (optional) saved set UID.