S550-0436-04

Glossary

This glossary defines technical terms and abbreviations used in PSF for z/OS® documentation. If you do not find the term you are looking for, view the IBM® terminology website at:

http://www.ibm.com/software/globalization/terminology/

These cross-references are used in this glossary:

See. Refers to preferred synonyms or to defined terms for acronyms and abbreviations.
See also. Refers to related terms that have similar, but not synonymous, meanings, or to contrasted terms that have opposite or substantively different meanings.

A

ACIF: See AFP Conversion and Indexing Facility.
Advanced Function Presentation (AFP): A set of licensed programs, together with user applications, that use the all-points-addressable concept to print data on a wide variety of printers or to display data on a variety of display devices. AFP includes creating, formatting, archiving, retrieving, viewing, distributing, and printing information.
Advanced Interactive Executive (AIX®): A UNIX operating system developed by IBM that is designed and optimized to run on POWER® microprocessor-based hardware, such as servers, workstations, and blades.
AFP: See Advanced Function Presentation.
AFP Conversion and Indexing Facility (ACIF): An optional feature of PSF for z/OS that converts a print file into a MO:DCA document, creates an index file for later retrieval and viewing, and retrieves resources used by an AFP document into a separate file.
AFP Toolbox: A product that assists application programmers in formatting printed output. Without requiring knowledge of the AFP data stream, AFP Toolbox provides access to sophisticated AFP functions through a callable C, C++, or COBOL interface.
AFP Workbench Viewer: A product that displays AFP and ASCII files at a Windows workstation in the same format they are printed.
AIX: See Advanced Interactive Executive.
alphanumeric: Pertaining to a character set that contains letters, digits, and other characters, such as punctuation marks.
American National Standards Institute (ANSI): A private, nonprofit organization whose membership includes private companies, U.S. government agencies, and professional, technical, trade, labor, and consumer organizations. ANSI coordinates the development of voluntary consensus standards in the U.S.
American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII): A standard code used for information exchange among data processing systems, data communication systems, and associated equipment. ASCII uses a coded character set consisting of 7-bit coded characters. See also Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code.
anchor point: The point in a document that signals to ACIF the beginning of a group of pages, after which it adds indexing structured fields to delineate this group. See also trigger.
ANSI: See American National Standards Institute.
architecture: The set of rules and conventions that govern the creation and control of data types such as text, image, graphics, font, fax, color, audio, bar code, and multimedia.
ASCII: See American Standard Code for Information Interchange.

B

bar code: An array of elements, such as bars, spaces, and two-dimensional modules, that encode data in a particular symbology. The elements are arranged in a predetermined pattern following unambiguous rules defined by the symbology.
Bar Code Object Content Architecture (BCOCA): An architected collection of constructs used to interchange and present bar code data.
BCOCA: See Bar Code Object Content Architecture.
big endian: Pertaining to the order in which binary data is stored or transmitted with the most significant byte placed first. See also little endian.

C

carriage control character: A character that is used to specify a write, space, or skip operation. See also control character.
CCSID: See coded character set identifier.
character: (1) Any symbol that can be entered on a keyboard, printed, or displayed. For example, letters, numbers, and punctuation marks are all characters.; (2) In a computer system, a member of a set of elements that is used for the representation, organization, or control of data. See also control character, glyph, and graphic character.; (3) In bar codes, a single group of bars and spaces that represent an individual number, letter, punctuation mark, or other symbol.
character rotation: The alignment of a character with respect to its character baseline, measured in degrees in a clockwise direction. See also rotation and orientation.
character set: A defined set of characters that can be recognized by a configured hardware or software system. A character set can be defined by alphabet, language, script, or any combination of these items. See also font character set.
CMR: See color management resource.
coded character set identifier (CCSID): A 16-bit number that includes a specific set of encoding scheme identifiers, character set identifiers, code page identifiers, and other information that uniquely identifies the coded graphic-character representation.
coded font: A font file that associates a code page and a font character set. For double-byte fonts, a coded font associates multiple pairs of code pages and font character sets.
code page: A particular assignment of code points to graphic characters. Within a given code page, a code point can only represent one character. A code page also identifies how undefined code points are handled. See also coded font and extended code page.
color management resource (CMR): An object that provides color management in presentation environments.
complex text: Unicode-encoded text that cannot be rendered in the traditional one-code-point to one-glyph fashion, such as bidirectional Arabic text or combined Hindi characters.
concatenated data set: A group of logically connected data sets that are treated as one data set for the duration of a job step. See also data set, partitioned data set, and library.
control character: (1) A character that represents a command that is sent to an output device, such as a printer or monitor. Examples are line-feed, shift-in, shift-out, carriage return, font change, and end of transmission. See also carriage control character.; (2) A character whose occurrence in a particular context initiates, modifies, or stops a control function.
copy group: In PSF, an internal object in a form definition or a print data set that controls such items as modifications to a form, page placement, and overlays.

D

data object resource

An object container resource or IOCA image resource that is either printer resident or downloaded. Data object resources can be:

Used to prepare for the presentation of a data object, such as with a resident color profile resource object
Included in a page or overlay through the Include Object (IOB) structured field; for example, PDF single-page and multiple-page objects, Encapsulated PostScript (EPS) objects, and IOCA images
Called from within a data object; for example, PDF resource objects

data set

The major unit of data storage and retrieval, consisting of a collection of data in one of several prescribed arrangements and described by control information to which the system has access. See also file, concatenated data set, partitioned data set, and sequential data set.

data stream

The commands, control codes, data, or structured fields that are transmitted between an application program and a device, such as printer or nonprogrammable display station.

DCF

See Document Composition Facility.

device link profile

A profile that preserves black channel separation across the entire color space using any Color Management Module (CMM).

document

(1) A machine-readable collection of one or more objects that represent a composition, a work, or a collection of data.

(2) Data that has already been composed into pages and that contains a Begin Document and an End Document structured field.

Document Composition Facility (DCF)

An IBM licensed program used to format input to a printer.

download

To transfer data from a computer to a connected device, such as a workstation or a printer. Typically, users download from a large computer to a diskette or fixed disk on a smaller computer or from a system unit to an adapter.

Download for z/OS

An optional feature of PSF for z/OS that uses TCP/IP to automatically send data sets from the JES spool, without formatting them, directly to a PSF for z/OS, InfoPrint Manager, Ricoh ProcessDirector, or OnDemand server.

E

EBCDIC: See Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code.
Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code (EBCDIC): A coded character set of 256 eight-bit characters developed for the representation of textual data. EBCDIC is not compatible with ASCII character coding. See also American Standard Code for Information Interchange.
extended code page: A code page that is stored in a partitioned data set (PDS or PDSE) in a font resource library or in a UNIX file in a font path library. Extended code pages might contain Unicode values that a printer uses to print EBCDIC or ASCII encoded text strings with TrueType and OpenType fonts.

F

file: (1) A collection of related data that is stored and retrieved by an assigned name. A file can include information that starts a program (program-file object), contains text or graphics (data-file object), or processes a series of commands (batch file).; (2) See also data set, partitioned data set, sequential data set, and library.
FOCA: See Font Object Content Architecture.
font: (1) A family or assortment of characters of a given size and style, for example, 9-point Bodoni modern. A font has a unique name and might have a registry number.; (2) A particular type style (for example, Bodoni or Times Roman) that contains definitions of character sets, marker sets, and pattern sets. See also coded font.
font character set: (1) Part of an AFP font that contains the raster patterns, identifiers, and descriptions of characters. See also character set.; (2) A Font Object Content Architecture (FOCA) resource containing descriptive information, font metrics, and the digital representation of character shapes for a specified graphic character set.
Font Object Content Architecture (FOCA): An architecture that defines the content of digital font resources by means of a set of parameter definitions.
form: (1) A physical piece of paper or other medium on which data is printed. See also page and sheet.; (2) A display screen, printed document, or file with defined spaces for information to be inserted.
form definition: An AFP resource object used by PSF that defines the characteristics of the form or printed media, including: overlays to be used, duplex printing, text suppression, the position of composed-text data on the form, and the number and modifications of a page.

G

glyph: (1) A graphic symbol whose appearance conveys information, for example, the vertical and horizontal arrows on cursor keys that indicate the directions in which they control cursor movement.; (2) An image, typically of a character, in a font. See also character and graphic character.
GOCA: See Graphics Object Content Architecture.
graphic character: (1) A visual representation of a character, other than a control character, that is typically produced by writing, printing, or displaying. See also glyph.; (2) A member of a set of symbols that represent data. Graphic characters can be letters, digits, punctuation marks, or other symbols.
Graphics Object Content Architecture (GOCA): An architecture that provides a collection of graphics values and control structures used to interchange and present graphics data.
group: (1) A logical organization of users whose membership allows them to perform the same activities or provide the same authority to access resources.; (2) A series of records logically joined together or having the same value for a particular field in all records.; (3) A named collection of sequential pages that form a logical subset of a document.

H

hexadecimal: Pertaining to a numbering system that has a base of 16.

I

i5/OS™: The IBM licensed program that was used as the operating system for System i® servers. The predecessor to i5/OS was OS/400®. See IBM i.
IBM i: The IBM licensed program that is used as the principal operating system for Power Systems™ products. The predecessor to IBM i was i5/OS, which was preceded by OS/400.
image: (1) A pattern of toned and untoned pels that form a picture. See also impression.; (2) An electronic representation of an original document or picture produced by a scanning device or created from software.
Image Object Content Architecture (IOCA): An architecture that provides a collection of constructs used to interchange and present images, such as printing image data on a page, page segment, or overlay.
impression: The transfer of an image to a sheet of paper. Multiple impressions can be printed on each side of a sheet. Printer speed is often measured in impressions per minute (ipm).
indexing: In ACIF, a process of matching reference points within a file and creating structured field tags within the MO:DCA document and the separate index object file.
indexing with data values: Adding indexing tags to a MO:DCA document by using data that is already in the document and that is consistently located in the same place in each group of pages.
indexing with literal values: Adding indexing tags to a MO:DCA document by assigning literal values as indexing tags, because the document is not organized such that common data is located consistently throughout the document.
index object file: A file created by ACIF that contains Index Element (IEL) structured fields, which identify the location of the tagged groups in the AFP file. The indexing tags are contained in the Tag Logical Element (TLE) structured fields.
InfoPrint AFP Resource Installer: An application that runs on a Windows workstation. InfoPrint AFP Resource Installer installs and manages fonts, data objects, and color management resources (CMRs) in resource libraries. It also creates CMRs and associates CMRs with data objects.
InfoPrint Manager: A print management product that runs on an AIX, Linux, or Windows operating system. InfoPrint Manager handles the scheduling, archiving, retrieving, and assembly of a print job and its related resource files. It also tracks the finishing and packaging of the printed product.
inline resource: A resource contained in a print file or a print data set.
Intelligent Printer Data Stream (IPDS): An all-points-addressable data stream that lets users position text, images, graphics, and bar codes at any defined point on a printed page. IPDS is the strategic AFP printer data stream generated by PSF.
IOCA: See Image Object Content Architecture.
IPDS: See Intelligent Printer Data Stream.

J

JCL: See job control language.
JES: See Job Entry Subsystem.
JES2: An MVS™ subsystem that receives jobs into the system, converts them to internal format, selects them for processing, processes their output, and purges them from the system. In an installation with more than one processor, each JES2 processor independently controls its job input, scheduling, and output processing. See also Job Entry Subsystem and JES3.
JES3: An MVS subsystem that receives jobs into the system, converts them to internal format, selects them for processing, processes their output, and purges them from the system. In complexes that have several loosely coupled processing units, the JES3 program manages processors so that the global processor exercises centralized control over the local processors and distributes jobs to them by using a common job queue. See also Job Entry Subsystem and JES2.
job control language (JCL): A command language that identifies a job to an operating system and describes the job's requirements.
Job Entry Subsystem (JES): An IBM licensed program that receives jobs into the system and processes all output data that is produced by jobs. See also JES2 and JES3.

L

library: (1) A system object that serves as a directory to other objects. A library groups related objects, and allows the user to find objects by name.; (2) A data file that contains copies of a number of individual files and control information that allows them to be accessed individually.; (3) A partitioned data set or a series of concatenated partitioned data sets.; (4) In VSE, a collection of data stored in sublibraries on disk. A library consists of at least one sublibrary in which data is stored as members of various types such as phase, object module, or source book.
library member: (1) A named collection of records or statements in a library. See also resource object.; (2) In VSE, the smallest unit of data that can be stored in and retrieved from a sublibrary.
licensed program: A separately priced program and its associated materials that bear a copyright and are offered to customers under the terms and conditions of a licensing agreement.
line data: Data prepared for printing on a line printer without any data placement or presentation information. Line data can contain carriage-control characters and table-reference characters (TRC) for spacing and font selections. See also record format line data and traditional line data.
little endian: Pertaining to the order in which binary data is stored or transmitted with the least significant byte placed first. See also big endian.
logical page: The defined presentation space on the physical form. All the text and images in the print data must fit within the boundaries of the logical page, which has specified characteristics, such as size, shape, orientation, and offset. See also form and physical page.

M

Mixed Object Document Content Architecture (MO:DCA): An architected, device-independent data stream for interchanging documents.
Mixed Object Document Content Architecture for Presentation (MO:DCA-P): The subset of MO:DCA that defines presentation documents. ACIF supports MO:DCA Presentation Interchange Set data streams.
MO:DCA: See Mixed Object Document Content Architecture.
MO:DCA data: Print data that has been composed into pages. Text-formatting programs (such as DCF) can produce composed text data consisting entirely of structured fields. ACIF or AFP Download Plus can transform line data or XML data to MO:DCA data.
MO:DCA-P: See Mixed Object Document Content Architecture for Presentation.
MO:DCA IS/1: See MO:DCA Presentation Interchange Set 1.
MO:DCA IS/3: See MO:DCA Presentation Interchange Set 3.
MO:DCA Presentation Interchange Set 1 (MO:DCA IS/1): A subset of MO:DCA that defines an interchange format for presentation documents.
MO:DCA Presentation Interchange Set 3 (MO:DCA IS/3): A subset of MO:DCA that defines an interchange format for presentation documents. The MO:DCA IS/3 data stream includes structured fields that are not found in MO:DCA IS/1.
Multiple Virtual Storage (MVS): An IBM operating system that accesses multiple address spaces in virtual storage.
MVS: See Multiple Virtual Storage.

O

object: In AFP architecture, a collection of structured fields, bounded by a begin-object function and an end-object function. The object can contain other structured fields containing data elements of a particular type. Examples of objects are text, fonts, graphics, images, and bar codes.
object container: A MO:DCA structure that carries object data, which might or might not be defined by a presentation architecture.
offset: The number of measuring units from an arbitrary starting point to some other point.
OpenType font: An extension of the TrueType font format that adds support for PostScript outlines and more support for international character sets and advanced typographic control.
orientation: In printing, the number of degrees an object is rotated relative to a reference; for example, the orientation of an overlay relative to the logical page origin, or the orientation of printing on a page relative to the page coordinates. Orientation typically applies to blocks of information, whereas character rotation applies to individual characters. See also character rotation.
OS/400: Pertaining to the IBM licensed program that can be used as the operating system for System i servers prior to Version 5 Release 3. See IBM i.
outline font: A font whose graphic character shapes are defined by mathematical equations rather than by raster patterns. See also raster font.
overlay: (1) A resource object that contains predefined presentation data, such as text, image, graphics, and bar code data, that can be merged with variable data on a page or form while printing.; (2) The final representation of a collection of predefined presentation data on a physical medium.

P

page: (1) A collection of data that can be printed on one side of a sheet of paper or a form.; (2) A data stream object delimited by a Begin Page structured field and an End Page structured field. A page can contain presentation data such as text, image, graphics, and bar code data. See also logical page and physical page.
page definition: An AFP resource object used by PSF that defines the rules for transforming line data and XML data into MO:DCA data and text controls, such as width of margins and text orientation.
page segment: An AFP resource object containing text, image, graphics, or bar code data that can be positioned on any addressable point on a page or an electronic overlay.
parameter: A value or reference passed to a function, command, or program that serves as input or controls actions. The value is supplied by a user or by another program or process.
partitioned data set (PDS): A data set in direct-access storage that is divided into partitions, called members, each of which can contain a program, part of a program, or data. See also sequential data set.
PDS: See partitioned data set.
physical page: A single surface (front or back) of a form. See also form, logical page, and page.
pitch: A unit of measurement for the width of type (or a printed character), based on the number of characters that can be set (or printed) in one linear inch; for example, 10-pitch has 10 characters per inch. Uniformly spaced fonts are measured in pitch. See also point.
point: A unit of measurement used mainly for describing type sizes. Each pica has 12 points, and an inch has approximately 72 points. See also pitch.
point size: The height of a font in points.
PostScript: A page description language developed by Adobe Systems, Incorporated that describes how text and graphics are presented on printers and display devices.
Presentation Text Object Content Architecture (PTOCA): An architecture that provides a collection of constructs used to interchange and present presentation text data, such as printing text data on a page, page segment, or overlay.
print data set: A data set created by an application program that contains the actual information to be printed and, optionally, some of the data that controls the format of the printing. The types of print data sets are composed text, line format, XML data, and mixed format. See also print file.
Printer Control Language (PCL): The Hewlett Packard page description language that is used in laser and ink-jet printers.
print file: A file that is created for the purpose of printing data. A print file includes information to be printed and, optionally, some of the data that controls the format of the printing. See also print data set.
Print Services Facility™ (PSF): An IBM licensed program that manages and controls the input data stream and output data stream required by supported page printers. PSF is supported under z/OS, VSE, VM, and IBM i operating systems.
program temporary fix (PTF): For System i, System p®, and System z® products, a package containing individual or multiple fixes that is made available to all licensed customers. A PTF resolves defects and might provide enhancements.
PSF: See Print Services Facility.
PTOCA: See Presentation Test Object Content Architecture.

R

raster font: A font in which the characters are defined directly by the raster bit map. See also outline font.
RAT: See resource access table.
record format line data: A form of line data where each record is preceded by a 10-byte identifier. See also line data.
resource: A collection of printing instructions used, in addition to the print data set, to produce the printed output. Resources include coded fonts, font character sets, code pages, page segments, overlays, form definitions, and page definitions.
resource access table (RAT): An array of data that is used to map a resource name specified in the MO:DCA data stream to information used to find and process the resource on a given system.
resource object: In AFP, a collection of printing instructions, and sometimes data to be printed, that consists entirely of structured fields. A resource object is stored as a member (or file) of a library and can be called for by PSF when needed. The different resource objects include: coded font, font character set, code page, page segment, overlay, form definition, and page definition. See also library member.
rotation: The number of degrees a graphic character is turned relative to the page coordinates. See character rotation. See also orientation.

S

sequential data set: A data set whose records are organized on the basis of their successive physical positions, such as on magnetic tape. See also partitioned data set.
sheet: A division of the physical medium; multiple sheets can exist on a physical medium. For example, a roll of paper might be divided by a printer into rectangular pieces of paper, each representing a sheet. Envelopes are an example of a physical medium that comprises only one sheet. The IPDS architecture defines four types of sheets: cut-sheets, continuous forms, envelopes, and computer output on microfilm. Each type of sheet has a top edge. A sheet has two sides, a front side and a back side. See also form.
structured field: (1) A self-identifying string of bytes and its data or parameters.; (2) A mechanism that permits variable length data to be encoded for transmission in the data stream.
syntax: The rules for the construction of a command or statement.

T

tag: A type of structured field used for indexing in an AFP document. Tags associate an index attribute-value pair with a specific page or group of pages in a document.
text orientation: A description of the appearance of text as a combination of print direction and character rotation.
traditional line data: A form of line data that is prepared for printing on a line printer. See also line data.
trigger: Data values that are used to delineate the beginning and ending of a new group of pages. The first trigger is then the anchor point from which defined index values are located. See also anchor point.
TrueType font: A font format based on scalable outline technology in which the graphic character shapes are based on quadratic curves. The font is described with a set of tables contained in a TrueType font file.
typeface: All characters of a single type family or style, weight class, width class, and posture, regardless of size. An example is Helvetica bold condensed italic, in any point size. See also font.

U

Unicode: A character encoding standard that supports the interchange, processing, and display of text that is written in the common languages around the world, plus some classical and historical texts. For example, the text name for $ is "dollar sign" and its numeric value is X'0024'. The Unicode standard has a 16-bit character set defined by ISO 10646.

V

virtual machine (VM): An instance of a data-processing system that appears to be at the exclusive disposal of a single user, but whose functions are accomplished by sharing the resources of a physical data-processing system.
Virtual Storage Extended (VSE): A system that consists of a basic operating system (VSE/Advanced Functions), and any IBM supplied and user-written programs required to meet the data processing needs of a user. VSE and the hardware that it controls form a complete computing system. Its current version is called VSE/ESA.
VM: See virtual machine.
VSE: See Virtual Storage Extended.

W

Workbench Viewer: See AFP Workbench Viewer.

X

XML data: Data identified with the Extensible Markup Language (XML), which is a standard metalanguage for defining markup languages that is based on Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML). For printing on page printers, a page definition is required to provide the data placement and presentation information. The XML data processed by ACIF can be encoded in EBCDIC, ASCII, UTF-8 or UTF-16.

Z

z/OS: An IBM mainframe operating system that uses 64-bit real storage.