Conversational artificial intelligence (AI) refers to technologies, such as chatbots or virtual agents, that users can talk to. They use large volumes of data, machine learning and natural language processing to help imitate human interactions, recognizing speech and text inputs and translating their meanings across various languages.
Conversational AI combines natural language processing (NLP) with machine learning. These NLP processes flow into a constant feedback loop with machine learning processes to continuously improve the AI algorithms.
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Conversational AI has principle components that allow it to process, understand and generate response in a natural way.
Machine Learning (ML) is a sub-field of artificial intelligence, made up of a set of algorithms, features, and data sets that continuously improve themselves with experience. As the input grows, the AI platform machine gets better at recognizing patterns and uses it to make predictions.
Natural language processing is the current method of analyzing language with the help of machine learning used in conversational AI. Before machine learning, the evolution of language processing methodologies went from linguistics to computational linguistics to statistical natural language processing. In the future, deep learning will advance the natural language processing capabilities of conversational AI even further.
NLP consists of four steps: Input generation, input analysis, output generation, and reinforcement learning. Unstructured data transformed into a format that can be read by a computer, which is then analyzed to generate an appropriate response. Underlying ML algorithms improve response quality over time as it learns. These four NLP steps can be broken down further below:
Conversational AI starts with thinking about how your potential users might want to interact with your product and the primary questions that they may have. You can then use conversational AI tools to help route them to relevant information. In this section, we’ll walk through ways to start planning and creating a conversational AI.
Frequently asked questions are the foundation of the conversational AI development process. They help you define the main needs and concerns of your end users, which will, in turn, alleviate some of the call volume for your support team. If you don’t have a FAQ list available for your product, then start with your customer success team to determine the appropriate list of questions that your conversational AI can assist with.
For example, let’s say you’re a bank. Your starting list of FAQs might be:
You can always add more questions to the list over time, so start with a small segment of questions to prototype the development process for a conversational AI.
Your FAQs form the basis of goals, or intents, expressed within the user’s input, such as accessing an account. Once you outline your goals, you can plug them into a competitive conversational AI tool, like watsonx Assistant, as intents.
From here, you’ll need to teach your conversational AI the ways that a user may phrase or ask for this type of information. If we take the example of “how to access my account,” you might think of other phrases that users might use when chatting with a support representative, such as “how to log in”, “how to reset password”, “sign up for an account”, and so on.
If you’re unsure of other phrases that your customers may use, then you may want to partner with your analytics and support teams. If your chatbot analytics tools have been set up appropriately, analytics teams can mine web data and investigate other queries from site search data. Alternatively, they can also analyze transcript data from web chat conversations and call centers. If your analytical teams aren’t set up for this type of analysis, then your support teams can also provide valuable insight into common ways that customers phrases their questions.
Think of nouns, or entities, that surround your intents. In this example, we’ve been focused on a user’s bank account. As a result, it makes sense to create an entity around bank account information.
A number of values might fall into this category of information, such as “username”, “password”, “account number”, and so on.
To understand the entities that surround specific user intents, you can use the same information that was collected from tools or supporting teams to develop goals or intents. These nouns will precede or follow the primary ask.
All of these elements work together to create a conversation with your end user. The intents allow a machine to decipher what the user is asking for and entities act as a way to provide relevant responses. For example, you might envision the dialogue between a conversation AI and a user with a forgotten password unfold as follows:
Together, goals and nouns (or intents and entities as IBM likes to call them) work to build a logical conversation flow based on the user’s needs. If you're ready to get started building your own conversational AI, you can try IBM's watsonx Assistant Lite Version for free.
When people think of conversational artificial intelligence, online chatbots and voice assistants frequently come to mind for their customer support services and omni-channel deployment. Most conversational AI apps have extensive analytics built into the backend program, helping ensure human-like conversational experiences.
Experts consider conversational AI's current applications weak AI, as they are focused on performing a very narrow field of tasks. Strong AI, which is still a theoretical concept, focuses on a human-like consciousness that can solve various tasks and solve a broad range of problems.
Despite its narrow focus, conversation AI is an extremely lucrative technology for enterprises, helping businesses more profitable. While an AI chatbot is the most popular form of conversational AI, there are still many other use cases across the enterprise. Some examples include:
While most AI chatbots and apps currently have rudimentary problem-solving skills, they can reduce time and improve cost efficiency on repetitive customer support interactions, freeing up personnel resources to focus on more involved customer interactions. Overall, conversational AI apps have been able to replicate human conversational experiences well, leading to higher rates of customer satisfaction.
Conversational AI is a cost-efficient solution for many business processes. The following are examples of the benefits of using conversational AI.
Staffing a customer service department can be quite costly, especially as you seek to answer questions outside regular office hours. Providing customer assistance via conversational interfaces can reduce business costs around salaries and training, especially for small- or medium-sized companies. Chatbots and virtual assistants can respond instantly, providing 24-hour availability to potential customers.
Human conversations can also result in inconsistent responses to potential customers. Since most interactions with support are information-seeking and repetitive, businesses can program conversational AI to handle various use cases, ensuring comprehensiveness and consistency. This creates continuity within the customer experience, and it allows valuable human resources to be available for more complex queries.
With the adoption of mobile devices into consumers daily lives, businesses need to be prepared to provide real-time information to their end users. Since conversational AI tools can be accessed more readily than human workforces, customers can engage more quickly and frequently with brands. This immediate support allows customers to avoid long call center wait times, leading to improvements in the overall customer experience. As customer satisfaction grows, companies will see its impact reflected in increased customer loyalty and additional revenue from referrals.
Personalization features within conversational AI also provide chatbots with the ability to provide recommendations to end users, allowing businesses to cross-sell products that customers may not have initially considered.
Conversational AI is also very scalable as adding infrastructure to support conversational AI is cheaper and faster than the hiring and on-boarding process for new employees. This is especially helpful when products expand to new geographical markets or during unexpected short-term spikes in demand, such as during holiday seasons.
Conversational AI is still in its infancy, and widespread business adoption began in recent years. As with any new technological advances, there are some challenges with transitioning to conversational AI applications. Some examples include:
Language input can be a pain point for conversational AI, whether the input is text or voice. Dialects, accents, and background noises can impact the AI’s understanding of the raw input. Slang and unscripted language can also generate problems with processing the input.
However, the biggest challenge for conversational AI is the human factor in language input. Emotions, tone, and sarcasm make it difficult for conversational AI to interpret the intended user meaning and respond appropriately.
Since Conversational AI is dependent on collecting data to answer user queries, it is also vulnerable to privacy and security breaches. Developing conversational AI apps with high privacy and security standards and monitoring systems will help to build trust among end users, ultimately increasing chatbot usage over time.
Users can be apprehensive about sharing personal or sensitive information, especially when they realize that they are conversing with a machine instead of a human. Since all of your customers will not be early adopters, it will be important to educate and socialize your target audiences around the benefits and safety of these technologies to create better customer experiences. This can lead to bad user experience and reduced performance of the AI and negate the positive effects.
Additionally, sometimes chatbots are not programmed to answer the broad range of user inquiries. When that happens, it’ll be important to provide an alternative channel of communication to tackle these more complex queries, as it’ll be frustrating for the end user if a wrong or incomplete answer is provided. In these cases, customers should be given the opportunity to connect with a human representative of the company.
Finally, conversational AI can also optimize the workflow in a company, leading to a reduction in the workforce for a particular job function. This can trigger socio-economic activism, which can result in a negative backlash to a company.
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Machine learning is a branch of artificial intelligence (AI) that focuses on the use of data and algorithms to imitate the way that humans learn.
A chatbot is a computer program that uses artificial intelligence (AI) and natural language processing (NLP) to understand and answer questions, simulating human conversation.
Natural language processing strives to build machines that understand text or voice data, and respond with text or speech of their own, in much the same way humans do.
IBM again recognized as a Leader in the 2023 Gartner® Magic Quadrant™ for Enterprise Conversational AI.
Use this model selection framework to choose the most appropriate model while balancing your performance requirements with cost, risks and deployment needs.