Troubleshooting
Problem
Overview CD technology conforms to a set of international standards, referred to as "color books", to ensure that all CDs are compatible with other CD players -ROM drives. Even though the basic construction of every CD is the same, their "formats" vary.
Resolving The Problem
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Overview
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CD technology conforms to a set of international standards, referred to as "color books", to ensure that all CDs are compatible with other CD players -ROM drives. Even though the basic construction of every CD is the same, their "formats" vary by use.
The red book defines a CD Audio standard for the common audio CDs you buy at the store.
The yellow book defines a standard that specifies how data is arranged on a CD. The Yellow Book has sub-books (chapters) that define CD-XA and CD-ROM discs. XA is the format for most data CDs.
The green book defines a Compact Disc Interactive (CD-I) standard for a special multimedia format that can be played on a set-top player attached to a television set. Most personal computers cannot play CD-I discs.
The white book defines a Video CD standard for MPEG-1 video discs played on a set-top player attached to a television set. You can buy full length Video CD movies, however, the quality isn't quite as good as DVD. Microsoft Windows operating systems can play VCD with the Windows Media Player.
The blue book defines a CD Extra standard that specifies a way to put both CD audio tracks and computer data on the same disc, but in different sessions, or recording areas. The audio session is recorded first, then the data session. This way, when the disc is played in a CD player, only the audio tracks can be "seen" and played. When the same disc is placed in a standard multi-session CD-ROM drive, the audio tracks and the data track will be visible.
The orange book defines a CD-R -RW standard that specifies how the above "formats" are stored on CD-R -RW discs that you can record. The Orange Book is broken down into 3 parts, one for CD-MO (a disc type that never took off), one for CD-R (called Orange Book part II), and one for CD-RW (called Orange Book part III). These books define the characteristics of the recorder and blank discs, and how to perform the recording.
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Recommended specifications for CR-R and C-RW Drives |
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Interface
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Internal IDE/ATAPI
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External USB
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Fast SCSI
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External Parallel
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| Speed/Transfer Rate | 12x write 8x rewrite 32x read |
4x write 4x rewrite 6x read |
8x write 8x rewrite 24x read |
4x write 4x rewrite 6x read |
| Buffer Size | 2 MB | 2 MB | 4 MB | 2 MB |
| Typical Access Time | 85msec (1/3 Stroke) | 85msec (1/3 Stroke) | 150msec (1/3 Stroke) | 350 milliseconds 12cm disc 1/3 stroke |
| Supported Formats | CD-DA, CD-ROM, CD-ROM XA, CD-R, CD-RW, CD-I, Video-CD, CD Extra/CD-Plus, CD-TEXT |
CD-DA, CD-ROM, CD-ROM XA, CD-R, CD-RW, CD-I, Video-CD, CD Extra/CD-Plus, CD-TEXT |
Track At Once; Disk At Once; Multi-Session; Incremental | High Sierra, ISO 9660, CD-ROM XA,Photo CD, MultiRead CD-RW, CD-R and CD-audio format |
| Logical Recording Format: |
ISO9660, UDF, and CDR-FS Packet Write | ISO9660, UDF, and CDR-FS Packet Write | ISO 9660 UDF Packet Writing |
ISO 9660 UDF Packet Writing |
| Media Compatibility |
Compatible with CD-R (writable) and CD-RW (rewritable) discs. |
Compatible with CD-R (writable) and CD-RW (rewritable) discs. |
Compatible with CD-R (writable) and CD-RW (rewritable) discs. |
Compatible with CD-R (writable) and CD-RW (rewritable) discs. |
| MTBF | 100,000 Power On Hours | 100,000 Power On Hours | 50,000 Power On Hour | 24,000 Power On Hours |
Note: Some CD-R and CD-RW manufacturers do not subject their products to rigorous manufacturing guidelines and don't develop media in collaboration with the drive manufacturers. This results in compatibility failures and high error rates which contribute to lost data.
Recommended Specifications for CD-R and CD-RW Media
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General Characteristics
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CD-R
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CD-RW
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| Recording Capacity | 650 MB (74 min) | 650 MB (74min) | |
| Archival Life (recorded) | Up to 100 years | Up to 30 years | |
| Shelf Life (unrecorded disks) | 10 years | 5 years | |
| Compatibility: Recordability | Recordable in CD-Writers & Re-Writers | Recordable in CD-ReWriters | |
| Readability | Readable in CD-ROM & DVD-ROM devices | Readable in Multi-Read ® Compatible CD-ROM & DVD-ROM devices |
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| Operating System | Macintosh and PC environments | ||
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Performance
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CD-R
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CD-RW
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|---|---|---|---|
| Recording Speed | CD-R: Recordable in all CD-Writers at their stated speeds CD-RW: Recordable in all CD-ReWriters at their stated speeds |
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| Track Pitch | 1.6 µm | ||
| Overwrite Capability | N/A | Data can be over-written up to 1,000 times | |
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Quality and reliability
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CD-R
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CD-RW
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|---|---|---|---|
| Manufacturing | Strict manufacturing controls for highest quality levels | ||
| Scratch Resistance (disks) | 55 grams with 104 µm diamond stylus | ||
| Qualification - Orange Book Compliance |
Part II Version 3.1 | Part III Version 2.0 | |
| Qualification - Red Book Compliance |
As specified in Orange Book | ||
| Physical Characteristics | |||
| Disc Thickness (microns) | 1.2 mm | ||
| Outer Diameter | 120 mm | ||
| Center Hole Diameter | 15 mm | ||
| Recording Layer | Phthalocyanine Dye | Phase-change metallic alloy | |
| Reflective Layer | Silver | Silver-based alloy | |
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Operating environment
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CD-R
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CD-RW
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| Operating Humidity Range | +5 oC to 40 oC, 5% to 95% (non-condensing) | ||
| Non-Operating (Storage) Humidity Range | -5 oC to +55 oC, 5% to 95% (non-condensing) | ||
| Handling and Care | Do not place in direct sunlight. Label disc according to package instructions. Avoid excessive heat and humidity |
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Hardware recommendations
The following products conform to the above standards and can be used with a variety of hardware, accessories and media:
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IBM P/N 33L5019 - 8X/4X/32X IDE CD-ReWritable (Pearl White)
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IBM P/N 33L5020 - 8X/4X/32X IDE CD-ReWritable (Business Black)
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IBM P/N 09N08 - TEAC 4X4X32 CD-RW, WHITE BEZEL
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IBM P/N 19K1508 - TEAC 4X4X32 CD-RW, BLACK BEZEL
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IBM P/N 09N0890 - LG CD-RW 8X/4X/32X PEARL WHITE IBM P/N 09N0892 - LG CD-RW 8X/4X/32X BLACK
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IBM P/N 59H3703 - IBM Choice CD-R media - 650MB/74 min w/ jewel case - 5 pack
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IBM P/N 59H3704 - IBM Choice CD-R media - 650MB/74 min in bulk - 500 pack
Document Location
Worldwide
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Document Information
Modified date:
23 January 2019
UID
ibm1MIGR-4PUUP7