Security Bulletin: Multiple vulnerabilities in IBM watsonx Orchestrate Developer Edition

Vulnerability Details

CVEID:   CVE-2026-14620
DESCRIPTION:   webpack-dev-server versions 5.2.5 and earlier expose two internal developer endpoints, /webpack-dev-server/open-editor and /webpack-dev-server/invalidate, that perform state-changing actions on any GET request without verifying that the request originated from the dev server's own page. Any website a developer visits while the dev server is running can trigger these endpoints cross-origin with no interaction beyond the visit. An attacker can open an arbitrary existing local file in the developer's editor, including files outside the project root, and repeated requests can spawn editor processes and force recompilations that degrade the developer's machine. Patches: upgrade to webpack-dev-server 5.2.6. Workarounds: none.
CWE:   CWE-352: Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)
CVSS Source:   NVD
CVSS Base score:   4.7
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:L)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-54911
DESCRIPTION:   UltraJSON is a fast JSON encoder and decoder written in pure C with bindings for Python 3.7+. Prior to 5.13.0, ujson.dumps() (or ujson.dump() or ujson.encode()) have a reject_bytes=False option. When set, they may accept malformed or truncated UTF-8 byte sequences, silently rewriting them into different Unicode characters instead of rejecting them. This leads to input validation bypass and data integrity issues. This vulnerability is fixed in 5.13.0.
CWE:   CWE-20: Improper Input Validation
CVSS Source:   security-advisories@github.com
CVSS Base score:   6.5
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-55602
DESCRIPTION:   http-proxy-middleware is node.js http-proxy middleware. From 0.16.0 until 2.0.10, 3.0.6, and 4.1.0, http-proxy-middleware documents router proxy-table entries as host, path, or host+path selectors, but the host+path implementation uses unanchored substring matching on attacker-controlled request metadata. As a result, a crafted Host header that is only a superstring match for a configured host+path key can still route a request to an unintended backend. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.0.10, 3.0.6, and 4.1.0.
CWE:   CWE-20: Improper Input Validation
CVSS Source:   NVD
CVSS Base score:   8.6
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:N)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-55603
DESCRIPTION:   http-proxy-middleware is node.js http-proxy middleware. From 3.0.4 until 3.0.7 and 4.1.1, fixRequestBody() is the library's documented helper for re-emitting a request body that was already consumed by a body parser. When the outgoing Content-Type is multipart/form-data, it rebuilds the body with handlerFormDataBodyData(), which interpolates each req.body key and value directly into the multipart wire format without neutralizing CR/LF. A \r\n inside a value (or key) lets an attacker close the current part and inject an entirely new form part. Because the proxy's own body parser saw a single opaque value, any gateway-side policy or validation performed on req.body is evaluated against a different set of fields than the upstream backend ultimately parses a request/parameter desynchronization across the trust boundary. This vulnerability is fixed in 3.0.7 and 4.1.1.
CWE:   CWE-93: Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences ('CRLF Injection')
CVSS Source:   security-advisories@github.com
CVSS Base score:   7.5
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:H/A:N)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-56761
DESCRIPTION:   hono before 4.12.14 contains an html injection vulnerability in jsx server-side rendering that allows attackers to inject unintended html by using malformed attribute names. Attackers can craft specially crafted attribute keys containing characters like quotes or angle brackets to break html tag boundaries and inject arbitrary attributes or elements.
CWE:   CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
CVSS Source:   disclosure@vulncheck.com
CVSS Base score:   4.3
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-48712
DESCRIPTION:   protobufjs compiles protobuf definitions into JavaScript (JS) functions. Prior to 7.6.1 and 8.4.1, protobufjs could recurse without a depth limit while converting decoded messages to plain objects or JSON. This affected generated toObject() conversion and the custom google.protobuf.Any JSON conversion path. A crafted protobuf binary payload containing deeply nested Any values could cause the JavaScript call stack to be exhausted during conversion to JSON. This vulnerability is fixed in 7.6.1 and 8.4.1.
CWE:   CWE-674: Uncontrolled Recursion
CVSS Source:   security-advisories@github.com
CVSS Base score:   7.5
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-54269
DESCRIPTION:   protobufjs compiles protobuf definitions into JavaScript (JS) functions. Prior to 8.6.0 and 7.6.3, protobufjs accepted certain schema-derived names that could collide with properties used by protobufjs runtime helpers. The known affected names are fields named hasOwnProperty, field or oneof names such as $type when loaded through protobufjs JSON/reflection descriptors, and service methods whose generated helper name is rpcCall. When affected message or service types were used, protobufjs could read schema-controlled data where it expected an own-property helper, reflected type metadata, or the base RPC helper. This could cause deterministic exceptions or recursive calls in affected decode post-checks, verification, object conversion, reflected JSON serialization, or protobufjs RPC helper invocation. This vulnerability is fixed in 8.6.0 and 7.6.3.
CWE:   CWE-674: Uncontrolled Recursion
CVSS Source:   security-advisories@github.com
CVSS Base score:   5.3
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-54270
DESCRIPTION:   protobufjs compiles protobuf definitions into JavaScript (JS) functions. From 8.2.0 to 8.4.2, protobufjs preserved unknown wire elements in message.$unknowns and did not provide a decode-time option to discard unknown fields before retaining them. A crafted protobuf payload containing many unknown fields could therefore cause a decoded message to retain substantially more memory than the input size would suggest, even when unknown-field round-tripping is not needed. protobufjs 8.5.0 added the relevant decode-time options, allowing applications that decode untrusted protobuf data to disable unknown-field retention during decode. protobufjs 8.6.2 flips the default so unknown fields are discarded unless explicitly opted into.
CWE:   CWE-770: Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
CVSS Source:   security-advisories@github.com
CVSS Base score:   5.3
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-5038
DESCRIPTION:   Impact: multer versions 2.0.0-alpha.1 through 2.1.1 and 3.0.0-alpha.1 are vulnerable to a Denial of Service when using diskStorage. Aborted or malformed multipart uploads leave orphaned partial files on disk because the Readable.pipe() call does not propagate the stream destroy signal to the underlying fs.WriteStream. An attacker can exhaust disk space by triggering many aborted uploads, with no application bug required. Patches: Users should upgrade to multer 2.2.0 (2.x line) or 3.0.0-alpha.2 (3.x prerelease). Both versions track in-flight write streams and clean them up on the abort path. Workarounds: None.
CWE:   CWE-459: Incomplete Cleanup
CVSS Source:   NVD
CVSS Base score:   7.5
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-5079
DESCRIPTION:   Impact: multer versions 1.0.0 through 2.1.1 and 3.0.0-alpha.1 are vulnerable to a Denial of Service via deeply nested field names in multipart form data. The append-field dependency parses bracket notation in field names with no limit on nesting depth, allowing an attacker to force allocation of deeply nested object structures that consume CPU and memory. A single HTTP request with a crafted multipart body is sufficient to exploit this. Patches: Users should upgrade to multer 2.2.0 (2.x line) or 3.0.0-alpha.2 (3.x prerelease) and configure the new limits.fieldNestingDepth option to the minimum depth their application requires. Workarounds: Set limits.fields to a reasonable value to reduce the number of fields an attacker can send per request. This does not fully mitigate the issue but limits the impact.
CWE:   CWE-400: Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
CVSS Source:   openjs
CVSS Base score:   7.5
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-12143
DESCRIPTION:   form-data is a library for creating readable multipart/form-data streams. In versions through 4.0.5, the `field` argument to `FormData#append` and the `filename` option are concatenated verbatim into the `Content-Disposition` header without escaping carriage return (CR), line feed (LF), or double-quote (") characters. An application that passes attacker-controlled data as a field name or filename (for example, an API gateway that turns JSON object keys into multipart field names) allows the attacker to terminate the header line and inject additional headers, or to smuggle entire additional multipart parts, into the request the application forwards to a backend. This can let the attacker add or override form fields (e.g. set `is_admin=true`) seen by the downstream parser. This is an instance of CWE-93 (CRLF injection). The fix escapes CR, LF, and `"` as `%0D`, `%0A`, and `%22` in field names and filenames, matching the serialization browsers use per the WHATWG HTML multipart/form-data encoding algorithm. Exploitation requires the consuming application to use untrusted input as a field name or filename; applications that use only fixed/trusted field names are not affected. Fixed in 2.5.6, 3.0.5, and 4.0.6.
CWE:   CWE-93: Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences ('CRLF Injection')
CVSS Source:   harborist
CVSS Base score:   7.5
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-48779
DESCRIPTION:   ws is an open source WebSocket client and server for Node.js. All versions from 1.1.0 up to (but not including) 5.2.5, from 6.0.0 up to 6.2.4, from 7.0.0 up to 7.5.11, and from 8.0.0 up to 8.21.0 are affected by a memory exhaustion DoS vulnerability. A peer can send a high volume of exceptionally small fragments and data chunks, with modest network traffic, to force the remote peer into allocating and holding structural wrappers that consume far more memory than the default documented message-size limit, leading to process termination due to OOM. This issue has been fixed in versions 5.2.5, 6.2.4, 7.5.11, and 8.21.0.
CWE:   CWE-400: Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
CVSS Source:   security-advisories@github.com
CVSS Base score:   7.5
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-34070
DESCRIPTION:   LangChain is a framework for building agents and LLM-powered applications. Prior to version 1.2.22, multiple functions in langchain_core.prompts.loading read files from paths embedded in deserialized config dicts without validating against directory traversal or absolute path injection. When an application passes user-influenced prompt configurations to load_prompt() or load_prompt_from_config(), an attacker can read arbitrary files on the host filesystem, constrained only by file-extension checks (.txt for templates, .json/.yaml for examples). This issue has been patched in version 1.2.22.
CWE:   CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
CVSS Source:   security-advisories@github.com
CVSS Base score:   7.5
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-28277
DESCRIPTION:   LangGraph SQLite Checkpoint is an implementation of LangGraph CheckpointSaver that uses SQLite DB (both sync and async, via aiosqlite). In version 1.0.9 and prior, LangGraph checkpointers can load msgpack-encoded checkpoints that reconstruct Python objects during deserialization. If an attacker can modify checkpoint data in the backing store (for example, after a database compromise or other privileged write access to the persistence layer), they can potentially supply a crafted payload that triggers unsafe object reconstruction when the checkpoint is loaded. No known patch is public.
CWE:   CWE-502: Deserialization of Untrusted Data
CVSS Source:   NVD
CVSS Base score:   7.2
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-33671
DESCRIPTION:   Picomatch is a glob matcher written JavaScript. Versions prior to 4.0.4, 3.0.2, and 2.3.2 are vulnerable to Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) when processing crafted extglob patterns. Certain patterns using extglob quantifiers such as `+()` and `*()`, especially when combined with overlapping alternatives or nested extglobs, are compiled into regular expressions that can exhibit catastrophic backtracking on non-matching input. Applications are impacted when they allow untrusted users to supply glob patterns that are passed to `picomatch` for compilation or matching. In those cases, an attacker can cause excessive CPU consumption and block the Node.js event loop, resulting in a denial of service. Applications that only use trusted, developer-controlled glob patterns are much less likely to be exposed in a security-relevant way. This issue is fixed in picomatch 4.0.4, 3.0.2 and 2.3.2. Users should upgrade to one of these versions or later, depending on their supported release line. If upgrading is not immediately possible, avoid passing untrusted glob patterns to `picomatch`. Possible mitigations include disabling extglob support for untrusted patterns by using `noextglob: true`, rejecting or sanitizing patterns containing nested extglobs or extglob quantifiers such as `+()` and `*()`, enforcing strict allowlists for accepted pattern syntax, running matching in an isolated worker or separate process with time and resource limits, and applying application-level request throttling and input validation for any endpoint that accepts glob patterns.
CWE:   CWE-1333: Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
CVSS Source:   security-advisories@github.com
CVSS Base score:   7.5
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-44455
DESCRIPTION:   Hono is a Web application framework that provides support for any JavaScript runtime. Prior to 4.12.16, Improper handling of JSX element tag names in hono/jsx allowed unvalidated tag names to be directly inserted into the generated HTML output. When untrusted input is used as a tag name via the programmatic jsx() or createElement() APIs during server-side rendering, specially crafted values may break out of the intended element context and inject unintended HTML. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.12.16.
CWE:   CWE-74: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection')
CVSS Source:   NVD
CVSS Base score:   6.1
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-44456
DESCRIPTION:   Hono is a Web application framework that provides support for any JavaScript runtime. Prior to 4.12.16, bodyLimit() does not reliably enforce maxSize for requests without a usable Content-Length (e.g. Transfer-Encoding: chunked). Oversized requests can reach handlers and return 200 instead of 413. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.12.16.
CWE:   CWE-400: Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
CVSS Source:   security-advisories@github.com
CVSS Base score:   6.5
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-44457
DESCRIPTION:   Hono is a Web application framework that provides support for any JavaScript runtime. Prior to 4.12.18, Cache Middleware does not skip caching for responses that declare per-user variance via Vary: Authorization or Vary: Cookie. As a result, a response cached for one authenticated user may be served to subsequent requests from different users. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.12.18.
CWE:   CWE-524: Use of Cache Containing Sensitive Information
CVSS Source:   security-advisories@github.com
CVSS Base score:   5.3
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-44458
DESCRIPTION:   Hono is a Web application framework that provides support for any JavaScript runtime. Prior to 4.12.18, the JSX renderer escapes style attribute object values for HTML but not for CSS. Untrusted input in a style object value or property name can therefore inject additional CSS declarations into the rendered style attribute. The impact is limited to CSS and does not allow JavaScript execution or HTML attribute breakout. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.12.18.
CWE:   CWE-74: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection')
CVSS Source:   security-advisories@github.com
CVSS Base score:   4.3
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-44459
DESCRIPTION:   Hono is a Web application framework that provides support for any JavaScript runtime. Prior to 4.12.18, improper validation of the JWT NumericDate claims exp, nbf, and iat in hono/utils/jwt allows tokens with non-spec-compliant claim values to silently bypass time-based checks. This issue is not exploitable by an anonymous attacker; it only manifests when a malformed claim value reaches verify() — typically when the application itself issues such tokens, or when the signing key is otherwise under attacker control. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.12.18.
CWE:   CWE-1284: Improper Validation of Specified Quantity in Input
CVSS Source:   security-advisories@github.com
CVSS Base score:   3.8
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-54286
DESCRIPTION:   Hono is a Web application framework that provides support for any JavaScript runtime. Prior to 4.12.25, on Windows hosts, an encoded backslash (%5C) in the request path decodes to \, which the Windows path resolver treats as a separator. serve-static then resolves a single URL segment such as admin\secret.txt into a nested file under the root and serves it, letting an attacker read static files meant to be protected behind prefix-mounted middleware. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.12.25.
CWE:   CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
CVSS Source:   security-advisories@github.com
CVSS Base score:   5.9
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-54287
DESCRIPTION:   Hono is a Web application framework that provides support for any JavaScript runtime. Prior to 4.12.25, on AWS Lambda, the ALB single-header response and the VPC Lattice v2 response join multiple Set-Cookie headers into one comma-separated value. Because commas also appear inside cookie attributes (for example Expires dates), clients cannot split the value back into individual cookies and silently drop or misparse them. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.12.25.
CWE:   CWE-116: Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
CVSS Source:   security-advisories@github.com
CVSS Base score:   5.3
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-54288
DESCRIPTION:   Hono is a Web application framework that provides support for any JavaScript runtime. Prior to 4.12.25, the Body Limit Middleware trusts the request's Content-Length header to decide whether a body is within the limit. On AWS Lambda (API Gateway v1/v2, ALB, VPC Lattice, and Lambda@Edge) the body is delivered fully buffered and the adapter builds the request with the client-declared Content-Length, which need not match the actual payload. A client can declare a tiny Content-Length while sending a much larger body, slipping past the limit. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.12.25.
CWE:   CWE-345: Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity
CVSS Source:   security-advisories@github.com
CVSS Base score:   6.5
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-54289
DESCRIPTION:   Hono is a Web application framework that provides support for any JavaScript runtime. Prior to 4.12.25, on AWS Lambda@Edge, CloudFront delivers a request header that appears more than once as several separate entries. The adapter writes each value with Headers.set instead of Headers.append, so every value overwrites the previous one and only the last reaches the application. Repeated request headers such as X-Forwarded-For, Forwarded, and Via are silently truncated to a single value. Request middleware sees only the last value of a repeated header instead of the full chain. For applications that base access control on the X-Forwarded-For chain, this can weaken or alter that decision; for auditing, hop history is lost. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.12.25.
CWE:   CWE-348: Use of Less Trusted Source
CVSS Source:   security-advisories@github.com
CVSS Base score:   4.8
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-54290
DESCRIPTION:   Hono is a Web application framework that provides support for any JavaScript runtime. Prior to 4.12.25, with credentials: true and no explicit origin (the default wildcard), the CORS Middleware reflects the request's Origin and sends Access-Control-Allow-Credentials: true. Any site can then make credentialed cross-origin requests and read the responses, exposing cookie-authenticated endpoints to arbitrary origins. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.12.25.
CWE:   CWE-942: Permissive Cross-domain Security Policy with Untrusted Domains
CVSS Source:   security-advisories@github.com
CVSS Base score:   7.1
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-35029
DESCRIPTION:   LiteLLM is a proxy server (AI Gateway) to call LLM APIs in OpenAI (or native) format. Prior to 1.83.0, the /config/update endpoint does not enforce admin role authorization. A user who is already authenticated into the platform can then use this endpoint to modify proxy configuration and environment variables, register custom pass-through endpoint handlers pointing to attacker-controlled Python code, achieving remote code execution, read arbitrary server files by setting UI_LOGO_PATH and fetching via /get_image, and take over other privileged accounts by overwriting UI_USERNAME and UI_PASSWORD environment variables. Fixed in v1.83.0.
CWE:   CWE-863: Incorrect Authorization
CVSS Source:   NVD
CVSS Base score:   8.8
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-33672
DESCRIPTION:   Picomatch is a glob matcher written JavaScript. Versions prior to 4.0.4, 3.0.2, and 2.3.2 are vulnerable to a method injection vulnerability affecting the `POSIX_REGEX_SOURCE` object. Because the object inherits from `Object.prototype`, specially crafted POSIX bracket expressions (e.g., `[[:constructor:]]`) can reference inherited method names. These methods are implicitly converted to strings and injected into the generated regular expression. This leads to incorrect glob matching behavior (integrity impact), where patterns may match unintended filenames. The issue does not enable remote code execution, but it can cause security-relevant logic errors in applications that rely on glob matching for filtering, validation, or access control. All users of affected `picomatch` versions that process untrusted or user-controlled glob patterns are potentially impacted. This issue is fixed in picomatch 4.0.4, 3.0.2 and 2.3.2. Users should upgrade to one of these versions or later, depending on their supported release line. If upgrading is not immediately possible, avoid passing untrusted glob patterns to picomatch. Possible mitigations include sanitizing or rejecting untrusted glob patterns, especially those containing POSIX character classes like `[[:...:]]`; avoiding the use of POSIX bracket expressions if user input is involved; and manually patching the library by modifying `POSIX_REGEX_SOURCE` to use a null prototype.
CWE:   CWE-1321: Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
CVSS Source:   security-advisories@github.com
CVSS Base score:   5.3
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-54293
DESCRIPTION:   NLTK (Natural Language Toolkit) is a suite of open source Python modules, data sets, and tutorials supporting research and development in Natural Language Processing. Prior to 3.10.0-rc1, nltk.data.load() in NLTK is vulnerable to path traversal via URL-encoded path separators and traversal segments when using the nltk: URL scheme. The unsafe-path regex check is performed before url2pathname() decodes the %xx sequences (a classic decode-after-check / TOCTOU-style flaw), allowing an attacker to bypass the protection documented in NLTK's SECURITY.md and read arbitrary files from the filesystem. While literal traversal strings such as ../../../etc/passwd are correctly blocked, encoded variants such as %2fetc%2fpasswd, %2e%2e%2f..., and ..%2f..%2f slip past the regex and are subsequently decoded into a real filesystem path. This vulnerability is fixed in 3.10.0-rc1.
CWE:   CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
CVSS Source:   security-advisories@github.com
CVSS Base score:   7.5
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-47673
DESCRIPTION:   Hono is a Web application framework that provides support for any JavaScript runtime. Prior to 4.12.21, the jwt and jwk middlewares do not verify that the Authorization header value uses theBearer scheme. Any two-part header value — regardless of the scheme name in the first position — proceeds to JWT verification. A request presenting a valid JWT under a non-Bearer scheme identifier (such as Basic or Token) is authenticated identically to a correctly formed Bearer request. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.12.21.
CWE:   CWE-285: Improper Authorization
CVSS Source:   NVD
CVSS Base score:   6.5
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-47674
DESCRIPTION:   Hono is a Web application framework that provides support for any JavaScript runtime. Prior to 4.12.21, the ip-restriction middleware (hono/ip-restriction) compares incoming IP addresses against configured deny and allow rules using string equality after partial normalization. Non-canonical IPv6 representations of an address already listed in a static rule — such as compressed forms, explicit-zero forms, or hex-notation IPv4-mapped addresses — do not match the normalized rule entry, causing the rule to be silently skipped. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.12.21.
CWE:   CWE-185: Incorrect Regular Expression
CVSS Source:   security-advisories@github.com
CVSS Base score:   5.3
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-47675
DESCRIPTION:   Hono is a Web application framework that provides support for any JavaScript runtime. Prior to 4.12.21, the serialize() function in hono/cookie validates domain and path options against characters that corrupt Set-Cookie header syntax (;, \r, \n), but does not apply the same validation to sameSite and priority. An application that passes user-controlled input into either option may produce a Set-Cookie response header containing attacker-chosen additional attributes. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.12.21.
CWE:   CWE-113: Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences in HTTP Headers ('HTTP Request/Response Splitting')
CVSS Source:   NVD
CVSS Base score:   5.3
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-47676
DESCRIPTION:   Hono is a Web application framework that provides support for any JavaScript runtime. Prior to 4.12.21, app.mount() strips the mount prefix from the incoming request path using the raw URL pathname, while route matching is performed against the percent-decoded path. This inconsistency causes the prefix to be stripped at the wrong position when the path contains percent-encoded multi-byte characters, resulting in the mounted sub-application receiving an incorrect path. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.12.21.
CWE:   CWE-444: Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
CVSS Source:   security-advisories@github.com
CVSS Base score:   5.3
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-59152
DESCRIPTION:   LangSmith Client SDKs provide SDK's for interacting with the LangSmith platform. Prior to 0.8.18, an attacker who can send an HTTP request to a server running the LangSmith SDK's TracingMiddleware can cause that server to read an arbitrary file from its local filesystem and upload the contents to LangSmith as a trace attachment. Depending on how the distributed trace system is deployed, triggering a read may not require authentication. Retrieving the contents requires read access to the LangSmith workspace the traces are sent to. The net effect is a trust-boundary crossing: a party with workspace trace-read access (for example a low-privilege workspace member, a contractor, or a compromised teammate account) gains the ability to read files from any server running TracingMiddleware, a capability outside that workspace's intended trust boundary. This vulnerability is fixed in 0.8.18.
CWE:   CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
CVSS Source:   security-advisories@github.com
CVSS Base score:   5
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-14631
DESCRIPTION:   webpack-dev-server versions 5.2.5 and earlier terminate the whole Node.js process when an unauthenticated peer sends either a normal HTTP request with a malformed Host header or a WebSocket upgrade to the default /ws endpoint with a malformed Origin header. The malformed value causes an uncaught exception in the host-validation path and crashes the dev server. Impact is limited to availability of the development server, no data disclosure, no code execution. Patches: upgrade to webpack-dev-server 5.2.6. Workarounds: keep the dev server bound to localhost (the default) and do not expose it to untrusted networks.
CWE:   CWE-20: Improper Input Validation
CVSS Source:   openjs
CVSS Base score:   5.3
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-11525
DESCRIPTION:   Impact: When undici parses a Set-Cookie header, it accepts any SameSite attribute value that contains Strict, Lax, or None as a substring, rather than the case-insensitive exact match specified by RFC 6265. Non-spec values are silently mapped to one of the three standard tokens. For example, SameSite=NoneOfYourBusiness is parsed as None (the most permissive setting), and SameSite=StrictLax is parsed as Lax (a downgrade from Strict). Affected applications are those that consume Set-Cookie headers from server responses (for example via undici's fetch or proxy code paths) and then forward or rely on the parsed sameSite attribute. A malicious or non-compliant server can coerce the consumer's view of a cookie's SameSite policy to a weaker value, silently degrading the SameSite enforcement the cookie is supposed to provide. This was introduced in undici 5.15.0 when the cookies feature was added. Patches: Upgrade to undici v6.26.0, v7.28.0 or v8.5.0. Workarounds: After parsing a Set-Cookie header, validate that the resulting sameSite attribute is one of 'Strict', 'Lax', or 'None' (exact, case-insensitive) before forwarding or relying on it.
CWE:   CWE-183: Permissive List of Allowed Inputs
CVSS Source:   openjs
CVSS Base score:   3.7
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-12151
DESCRIPTION:   Impact: The undici WebSocket client enforces maxPayloadSize on the cumulative byte count of fragments in a message but does not enforce a limit on the number of fragments. A malicious WebSocket server can stream many small or empty continuation frames that each pass per-frame and cumulative-size validation, collectively causing unbounded memory growth in the client process. The result is memory exhaustion and a denial of service. Affected applications are those using the undici WebSocket client (new WebSocket(...)) or the WebSocketStream API that can be induced to connect to an attacker-controlled or compromised WebSocket endpoint. All releases starting at undici 6.17.0 are affected. Patches: Upgrade to undici = 6.26.0, = 7.28.0, or = 8.5.0. Workarounds: No workaround is available. The fix must be applied through an upgrade.
CWE:   CWE-400: Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
CVSS Source:   openjs
CVSS Base score:   7.5
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-6733
DESCRIPTION:   Impact: Undici's HTTP/1.1 client is vulnerable to response queue poisoning on reused keep-alive sockets. An attacker-controlled upstream server can inject an unsolicited HTTP/1.1 response onto an idle socket after a request completes. When the client dispatches the next request on that socket, it associates the injected response with the new request, causing responses to be delivered to the wrong requests. This requires an attacker-controlled or compromised upstream HTTP/1.1 server and keep-alive connection reuse. Patches: Upgrade to undici v6.26.0, v7.28.0 or v8.5.0. Workarounds: Disable keep-alive connection reuse by setting keepAliveTimeout: 0 on the Client or Pool.
CWE:   CWE-367: Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
CVSS Source:   openjs
CVSS Base score:   3.7
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-9679
DESCRIPTION:   Impact: undici's cookie parser in parseSetCookie percent-decodes cookie values via qsUnescape, turning encoded sequences like %0D%0A, %00, %3B, and %3D into their literal byte equivalents. RFC 6265 §5.4 does not specify any decoding and browsers do not decode either. Applications that parse a Set-Cookie header and then forward the parsed value into a response header (proxies, middleware, SSR frameworks) become vulnerable to HTTP response header injection: an attacker-controlled upstream can inject arbitrary Set-Cookie, Location, or Cache-Control headers into the application's downstream response, enabling session fixation, open redirect, or cache poisoning. Affected applications are those that use undici's cookie parsing (parseSetCookie, parseCookie, getSetCookies) and forward the parsed cookie value into a response header. This was introduced in undici 7.0.0 via PR #3789. Patches: Upgrade to undici v6.26.0, v7.28.0 or v8.5.0. Workarounds: If upgrade is not immediately possible, do not forward values returned by parseSetCookie/parseCookie/getSetCookies directly into response headers; sanitize the value first to strip or reject CR, LF, NUL, ;, and = bytes.
CWE:   CWE-93: Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences ('CRLF Injection')
CVSS Source:   openjs
CVSS Base score:   5.9
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-12243
DESCRIPTION:   NLTK version 3.9.4 is vulnerable to a path traversal attack due to an incomplete fix for GitHub Issue #3504. The `_UNSAFE_NO_PROTOCOL_RE` regex in `nltk/data.py` checks for literal `../` sequences but fails to account for percent-encoded traversal sequences such as `..%2f`. The `url2pathname()` function decodes these sequences after the validation step, allowing an attacker to bypass the protection. This vulnerability enables an attacker to read arbitrary files accessible to the Python process by controlling the resource name parameter passed to `nltk.data.load()` or `nltk.data.find()`. The issue affects applications that rely on NLTK for resource loading, including NLP web applications, Jupyter notebooks, and CLI tools. The default `pathsec.ENFORCE=False` setting exacerbates the impact by not blocking the file read at the `open()` stage.
CWE:   CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
CVSS Source:   security@huntr.dev
CVSS Base score:   7.5
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N)