Security Bulletin: Multiple Vulnerabilities in IBM API Connect

Vulnerability Details

CVEID:   CVE-2015-9251
DESCRIPTION:   jQuery before 3.0.0 is vulnerable to Cross-site Scripting (XSS) attacks when a cross-domain Ajax request is performed without the dataType option, causing text/javascript responses to be executed.
CWE:   CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
CVSS Source:   NVD
CVSS Base score:   6.1
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N)

CVEID:   CVE-2018-14040
DESCRIPTION:   In Bootstrap before 4.1.2, XSS is possible in the collapse data-parent attribute.
CWE:   CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
CVSS Source:   IBM X-Force
CVSS Base score:   6.1
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N)

CVEID:   CVE-2019-11358
DESCRIPTION:   jQuery before 3.4.0, as used in Drupal, Backdrop CMS, and other products, mishandles jQuery.extend(true, {}, ...) because of Object.prototype pollution. If an unsanitized source object contained an enumerable __proto__ property, it could extend the native Object.prototype.
CWE:   CWE-1321: Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
CVSS Source:   NVD
CVSS Base score:   6.1
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N)

CVEID:   CVE-2020-11022
DESCRIPTION:   In jQuery starting with 1.12.0 and before 3.5.0, passing HTML from untrusted sources - even after sanitizing it - to one of jQuery's DOM manipulation methods (i.e. .html(), .append(), and others) may execute untrusted code. This problem is patched in jQuery 3.5.0.
CWE:   CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
CVSS Source:   GitHub
CVSS Base score:   6.1
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N)

CVEID:   CVE-2020-11023
DESCRIPTION:   In jQuery versions greater than or equal to 1.0.3 and before 3.5.0, passing HTML containing option elements from untrusted sources - even after sanitizing it - to one of jQuery's DOM manipulation methods (i.e. .html(), .append(), and others) may execute untrusted code. This problem is patched in jQuery 3.5.0.
CWE:   CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
CVSS Source:   NVD
CVSS Base score:   6.1
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N)

CVEID:   CVE-2022-25883
DESCRIPTION:   Versions of the package semver before 7.5.2 are vulnerable to Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) via the function new Range, when untrusted user data is provided as a range.
CWE:   CWE-1333: Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
CVSS Source:   IBM X-Force
CVSS Base score:   5.3
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L)

CVEID:   CVE-2023-26159
DESCRIPTION:   Versions of the package follow-redirects before 1.15.4 are vulnerable to Improper Input Validation due to the improper handling of URLs by the url.parse() function. When new URL() throws an error, it can be manipulated to misinterpret the hostname. An attacker could exploit this weakness to redirect traffic to a malicious site, potentially leading to information disclosure, phishing attacks, or other security breaches.
CWE:   CWE-20: Improper Input Validation
CVSS Source:   IBM X-Force
CVSS Base score:   6.1
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N)

CVEID:   CVE-2024-21536
DESCRIPTION:   Versions of the package http-proxy-middleware before 2.0.7, from 3.0.0 and before 3.0.3 are vulnerable to Denial of Service (DoS) due to an UnhandledPromiseRejection error thrown by micromatch. An attacker could kill the Node.js process and crash the server by making requests to certain paths.
CWE:   CWE-400: Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
CVSS Source:   IBM X-Force
CVSS Base score:   7.5
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H)

CVEID:   CVE-2024-4067
DESCRIPTION:   The NPM package `micromatch` prior to 4.0.8 is vulnerable to Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS). The vulnerability occurs in `micromatch.braces()` in `index.js` because the pattern `.*` will greedily match anything. By passing a malicious payload, the pattern matching will keep backtracking to the input while it doesn't find the closing bracket. As the input size increases, the consumption time will also increase until it causes the application to hang or slow down. There was a merged fix but further testing shows the issue persists. This issue should be mitigated by using a safe pattern that won't start backtracking the regular expression due to greedy matching. This issue was fixed in version 4.0.8.
CWE:   CWE-1333: Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
CVSS Source:   NVD
CVSS Base score:   5.3
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L)

CVEID:   CVE-2024-4068
DESCRIPTION:   The NPM package `braces`, versions prior to 3.0.3, fails to limit the number of characters it can handle, which could lead to Memory Exhaustion. In `lib/parse.js,` if a malicious user sends "imbalanced braces" as input, the parsing will enter a loop, which will cause the program to start allocating heap memory without freeing it at any moment of the loop. Eventually, the JavaScript heap limit is reached, and the program will crash.
CWE:   CWE-1050: Excessive Platform Resource Consumption within a Loop
CVSS Source:   IBM X-Force
CVSS Base score:   7.5
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H)

CVEID:   CVE-2024-6485
DESCRIPTION:   A security vulnerability has been discovered in bootstrap that could enable Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) attacks. The vulnerability is associated with the data-loading-text attribute within the button plugin. This vulnerability can be exploited by injecting malicious JavaScript code into the attribute, which would then be executed when the button's loading state is triggered.
CWE:   CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
CVSS Source:   IBM X-Force
CVSS Base score:   6.4
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:L)

CVEID:   CVE-2025-12758
DESCRIPTION:   Versions of the package validator before 13.15.22 are vulnerable to Incomplete Filtering of One or More Instances of Special Elements in the isLength() function that does not take into account Unicode variation selectors (\uFE0F, \uFE0E) appearing in a sequence which lead to improper string length calculation. This can lead to an application using isLength for input validation accepting strings significantly longer than intended, resulting in issues like data truncation in databases, buffer overflows in other system components, or denial-of-service.
CWE:   CWE-792: Incomplete Filtering of One or More Instances of Special Elements
CVSS Source:   report@snyk.io
CVSS Base score:   7.5
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H)

CVEID:   CVE-2025-13465
DESCRIPTION:   Lodash versions 4.0.0 through 4.17.22 are vulnerable to prototype pollution in the _.unset and _.omit functions. An attacker can pass crafted paths which cause Lodash to delete methods from global prototypes. The issue permits deletion of properties but does not allow overwriting their original behavior. This issue is patched on 4.17.23
CWE:   CWE-1321: Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
CVSS Source:   NVD
CVSS Base score:   5.3
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N)

CVEID:   CVE-2025-13466
DESCRIPTION:   body-parser 2.2.0 is vulnerable to denial of service due to inefficient handling of URL-encoded bodies with very large numbers of parameters. An attacker can send payloads containing thousands of parameters within the default 100KB request size limit, causing elevated CPU and memory usage. This can lead to service slowdown or partial outages under sustained malicious traffic. This issue is addressed in version 2.2.1.
CWE:   CWE-400: Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
CVSS Source:   openjs
CVSS Base score:   5.5
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:L/E:P/AU:Y)

CVEID:   CVE-2025-15284
DESCRIPTION:   Improper Input Validation vulnerability in qs (parse modules) allows HTTP DoS.This issue affects qs: 6.14.1. Summary The arrayLimit option in qs did not enforce limits for bracket notation (a[]=1&a[]=2), only for indexed notation (a[0]=1). This is a consistency bug; arrayLimit should apply uniformly across all array notations. Note: The default parameterLimit of 1000 effectively mitigates the DoS scenario originally described. With default options, bracket notation cannot produce arrays larger than parameterLimit regardless of arrayLimit, because each a[]=valueconsumes one parameter slot. The severity has been reduced accordingly. Details The arrayLimit option only checked limits for indexed notation (a[0]=1&a[1]=2) but did not enforce it for bracket notation (a[]=1&a[]=2). Vulnerable code (lib/parse.js:159-162): if (root === '[]' && options.parseArrays) { obj = utils.combine([], leaf); // No arrayLimit check } Working code (lib/parse.js:175): else if (index = options.arrayLimit) { // Limit checked here obj = []; obj[index] = leaf; } The bracket notation handler at line 159 uses utils.combine([], leaf) without validating against options.arrayLimit, while indexed notation at line 175 checks index = options.arrayLimit before creating arrays. PoC const qs = require('qs'); const result = qs.parse('a[]=1&a[]=2&a[]=3&a[]=4&a[]=5&a[]=6', { arrayLimit: 5 }); console.log(result.a.length); // Output: 6 (should be max 5) Note on parameterLimit interaction: The original advisory's "DoS demonstration" claimed a length of 10,000, but parameterLimit (default: 1000) caps parsing to 1,000 parameters. With default options, the actual output is 1,000, not 10,000. Impact Consistency bug in arrayLimit enforcement. With default parameterLimit, the practical DoS risk is negligible since parameterLimit already caps the total number of parsed parameters (and thus array elements from bracket notation). The risk increases only when parameterLimit is explicitly set to a very high value.
CWE:   CWE-20: Improper Input Validation
CVSS Source:   harborist
CVSS Base score:   3.7
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L)

CVEID:   CVE-2025-15599
DESCRIPTION:   DOMPurify 3.1.3 through 3.2.6 and 2.5.3 through 2.5.8 contain a cross-site scripting vulnerability that allows attackers to bypass attribute sanitization by exploiting missing textarea rawtext element validation in the SAFE_FOR_XML regex. Attackers can include closing rawtext tags like /textarea in attribute values to break out of rawtext contexts and execute JavaScript when sanitized output is placed inside rawtext elements. The 3.x branch was fixed in 3.2.7; the 2.x branch was never patched.
CWE:   CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
CVSS Source:   disclosure@vulncheck.com
CVSS Base score:   6.1
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N)

CVEID:   CVE-2025-1647
DESCRIPTION:   Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation (XSS or 'Cross-site Scripting') vulnerability in Bootstrap allows Cross-Site Scripting (XSS).This issue affects Bootstrap: from 3.4.1 before 4.0.0.
CWE:   CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
CVSS Source:   HeroDevs
CVSS Base score:   5.6
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L)

CVEID:   CVE-2025-46653
DESCRIPTION:   Formidable (aka node-formidable) 2.1.0 through 3.x before 3.5.3 relies on hexoid to prevent guessing of filenames for untrusted executable content; however, hexoid is documented as not "cryptographically secure." (Also, there is a scenario in which only the last two characters of a hexoid string need to be guessed, but this is not often relevant.) NOTE: this does not imply that, in a typical use case, attackers will be able to exploit any hexoid behavior to upload and execute their own content.
CWE:   CWE-338: Use of Cryptographically Weak Pseudo-Random Number Generator (PRNG)
CVSS Source:   NVD
CVSS Base score:   3.1
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N)

CVEID:   CVE-2025-50537
DESCRIPTION:   Stack overflow vulnerability in eslint before 9.26.0 when serializing objects with circular references in eslint/lib/shared/serialization.js. The exploit is triggered via the RuleTester.run() method, which validates test cases and checks for duplicates. During validation, the internal function checkDuplicateTestCase() is called, which in turn uses the isSerializable() function for serialization checks. When a circular reference object is passed in, isSerializable() enters infinite recursion, ultimately causing a stack overflow.
CWE:   CWE-674: Uncontrolled Recursion
CVSS Source:   CISA ADP
CVSS Base score:   5.5
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H)

CVEID:   CVE-2025-54370
DESCRIPTION:   PhpOffice/PhpSpreadsheet is a pure PHP library for reading and writing spreadsheet files. Prior to versions 1.30.0, 2.1.12, 2.4.0, 3.10.0, and 5.0.0, SSRF can occur when a processed HTML document is read and displayed in the browser. The vulnerability lies in the setPath method of the PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\Worksheet\Drawing class, where a crafted string from the user is passed to the HTML reader. This issue has been patched in versions 1.30.0, 2.1.12, 2.4.0, 3.10.0, and 5.0.0.
CWE:   CWE-918: Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)
CVSS Source:   security-advisories@github.com
CVSS Base score:   8.7
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X)

CVEID:   CVE-2025-54798
DESCRIPTION:   tmp is a temporary file and directory creator for node.js. In versions 0.2.3 and below, tmp is vulnerable to an arbitrary temporary file / directory write via symbolic link dir parameter. This is fixed in version 0.2.4.
CWE:   CWE-59: Improper Link Resolution Before File Access ('Link Following')
CVSS Source:   NVD
CVSS Base score:   5.3
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N)

CVEID:   CVE-2025-56200
DESCRIPTION:   A URL validation bypass vulnerability exists in validator.js through version 13.15.15. The isURL() function uses '://' as a delimiter to parse protocols, while browsers use ':' as the delimiter. This parsing difference allows attackers to bypass protocol and domain validation by crafting URLs leading to XSS and Open Redirect attacks.
CWE:   CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
CVSS Source:   CISA ADP
CVSS Base score:   6.1
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N)

CVEID:   CVE-2025-57810
DESCRIPTION:   jsPDF is a library to generate PDFs in JavaScript. Prior to 3.0.2, user control of the first argument of the addImage method results in CPU utilization and denial of service. If given the possibility to pass unsanitized image data or URLs to the addImage method, a user can provide a harmful PNG file that results in high CPU utilization and denial of service. The vulnerability was fixed in jsPDF 3.0.2.
CWE:   CWE-20: Improper Input Validation
CVSS Source:   NVD
CVSS Base score:   7.5
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H)

CVEID:   CVE-2025-58754
DESCRIPTION:   Axios is a promise based HTTP client for the browser and Node.js. When Axios starting in version 0.28.0 and prior to versions 0.30.2 and 1.12.0 runs on Node.js and is given a URL with the `data:` scheme, it does not perform HTTP. Instead, its Node http adapter decodes the entire payload into memory (`Buffer`/`Blob`) and returns a synthetic 200 response. This path ignores `maxContentLength` / `maxBodyLength` (which only protect HTTP responses), so an attacker can supply a very large `data:` URI and cause the process to allocate unbounded memory and crash (DoS), even if the caller requested `responseType: 'stream'`. Versions 0.30.2 and 1.12.0 contain a patch for the issue.
CWE:   CWE-770: Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
CVSS Source:   security-advisories@github.com
CVSS Base score:   7.5
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H)

CVEID:   CVE-2025-59057
DESCRIPTION:   React Router is a router for React. In @remix-run/react versions 1.15.0 through 2.17.0. and react-router versions 7.0.0 through 7.8.2, a XSS vulnerability exists in in React Router's meta()/Meta APIs in Framework Mode when generating script:ld+json tags which could allow arbitrary JavaScript execution during SSR if untrusted content is used to generate the tag. There is no impact if the application is being used in Declarative Mode (BrowserRouter) or Data Mode (createBrowserRouter/RouterProvider). This issue has been patched in @remix-run/react version 2.17.1 and react-router version 7.9.0.
CWE:   CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
CVSS Source:   security-advisories@github.com
CVSS Base score:   7.6
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:L/A:N)

CVEID:   CVE-2025-59343
DESCRIPTION:   tar-fs provides filesystem bindings for tar-stream. Versions prior to 3.1.1, 2.1.3, and 1.16.5 are vulnerable to symlink validation bypass if the destination directory is predictable with a specific tarball. This issue has been patched in version 3.1.1, 2.1.4, and 1.16.6. A workaround involves using the ignore option on non files/directories.
CWE:   CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
CVSS Source:   security-advisories@github.com
CVSS Base score:   8.7
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X)

CVEID:   CVE-2025-62595
DESCRIPTION:   Koa is expressive middleware for Node.js using ES2017 async functions. In versions 2.16.2 to before 2.16.3 and 3.0.1 to before 3.0.3, a bypass to CVE-2025-8129 was discovered in the Koa.js framework affecting its back redirect functionality. In certain circumstances, an attacker can manipulate the Referer header to force a user’s browser to navigate to an external, potentially malicious website. This occurs because the implementation incorrectly treats some specially crafted URLs as safe relative paths. Exploiting this vulnerability could allow attackers to perform phishing, social engineering, or other redirect-based attacks on users of affected applications. This issue has been patched in version 3.0.3.
CWE:   CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
CVSS Source:   NVD
CVSS Base score:   6.1
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N)

CVEID:   CVE-2025-62718
DESCRIPTION:   Axios is a promise based HTTP client for the browser and Node.js. Prior to 1.15.0 and 0.31.0, Axios does not correctly handle hostname normalization when checking NO_PROXY rules. Requests to loopback addresses like localhost. (with a trailing dot) or [::1] (IPv6 literal) skip NO_PROXY matching and go through the configured proxy. This goes against what developers expect and lets attackers force requests through a proxy, even if NO_PROXY is set up to protect loopback or internal services. This issue leads to the possibility of proxy bypass and SSRF vulnerabilities allowing attackers to reach sensitive loopback or internal services despite the configured protections. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.15.0 and 0.31.0.
CWE:   CWE-441: Unintended Proxy or Intermediary ('Confused Deputy')
CVSS Source:   NVD
CVSS Base score:   9.9
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:L/A:L)

CVEID:   CVE-2025-64500
DESCRIPTION:   Symfony is a PHP framework for web and console applications and a set of reusable PHP components. Symfony's HttpFoundation component defines an object-oriented layer for the HTTP specification. Starting in version 2.0.0 and prior to version 5.4.50, 6.4.29, and 7.3.7, the `Request` class improperly interprets some `PATH_INFO` in a way that leads to representing some URLs with a path that doesn't start with a `/`. This can allow bypassing some access control rules that are built with this `/`-prefix assumption. Starting in versions 5.4.50, 6.4.29, and 7.3.7, the `Request` class now ensures that URL paths always start with a `/`.
CWE:   CWE-647: Use of Non-Canonical URL Paths for Authorization Decisions
CVSS Source:   security-advisories@github.com
CVSS Base score:   7.3
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L)

CVEID:   CVE-2025-64718
DESCRIPTION:   js-yaml is a JavaScript YAML parser and dumper. In js-yaml before 4.1.1 and 3.14.2, it's possible for an attacker to modify the prototype of the result of a parsed yaml document via prototype pollution (`__proto__`). All users who parse untrusted yaml documents may be impacted. The problem is patched in js-yaml 4.1.1 and 3.14.2. Users can protect against this kind of attack on the server by using `node --disable-proto=delete` or `deno` (in Deno, pollution protection is on by default).
CWE:   CWE-1321: Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
CVSS Source:   security-advisories@github.com
CVSS Base score:   5.3
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N)

CVEID:   CVE-2025-64756
DESCRIPTION:   Glob matches files using patterns the shell uses. Starting in version 10.2.0 and prior to versions 10.5.0 and 11.1.0, the glob CLI contains a command injection vulnerability in its -c/--cmd option that allows arbitrary command execution when processing files with malicious names. When glob -c command patterns are used, matched filenames are passed to a shell with shell: true, enabling shell metacharacters in filenames to trigger command injection and achieve arbitrary code execution under the user or CI account privileges. This issue has been patched in versions 10.5.0 and 11.1.0.
CWE:   CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
CVSS Source:   security-advisories@github.com
CVSS Base score:   7.5
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H)

CVEID:   CVE-2025-6493
DESCRIPTION:   A weakness has been identified in CodeMirror up to 5.65.20. Affected is an unknown function of the file mode/markdown/markdown.js of the component Markdown Mode. This manipulation causes inefficient regular expression complexity. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been made available to the public and could be exploited. Upgrading to version 6.0 is able to address this issue. You should upgrade the affected component. Not all code samples mentioned in the GitHub issue can be found. The repository mentions, that "CodeMirror 6 exists, and is [...] much more actively maintained."
CWE:   CWE-400: Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
CVSS Source:   cna@vuldb.com
CVSS Base score:   5.3
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L)

CVEID:   CVE-2025-65945
DESCRIPTION:   auth0/node-jws is a JSON Web Signature implementation for Node.js. In versions 3.2.2 and earlier and version 4.0.0, auth0/node-jws has an improper signature verification vulnerability when using the HS256 algorithm under specific conditions. Applications are affected when they use the jws.createVerify() function for HMAC algorithms and use user-provided data from the JSON Web Signature protected header or payload in HMAC secret lookup routines, which can allow attackers to bypass signature verification. This issue has been patched in versions 3.2.3 and 4.0.1.
CWE:   CWE-347: Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature
CVSS Source:   security-advisories@github.com
CVSS Base score:   7.5
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N)

CVEID:   CVE-2025-68157
DESCRIPTION:   Webpack is a module bundler. From version 5.49.0 to before 5.104.0, when experiments.buildHttp is enabled, webpack’s HTTP(S) resolver (HttpUriPlugin) enforces allowedUris only for the initial URL, but does not re-validate allowedUris after following HTTP 30x redirects. As a result, an import that appears restricted to a trusted allow-list can be redirected to HTTP(S) URLs outside the allow-list. This is a policy/allow-list bypass that enables build-time SSRF behavior (requests from the build machine to internal-only endpoints, depending on network access) and untrusted content inclusion in build outputs (redirected content is treated as module source and bundled). This issue has been patched in version 5.104.0.
CWE:   CWE-918: Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)
CVSS Source:   security-advisories@github.com
CVSS Base score:   3.7
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N)

CVEID:   CVE-2025-68428
DESCRIPTION:   jsPDF is a library to generate PDFs in JavaScript. Prior to version 4.0.0, user control of the first argument of the loadFile method in the node.js build allows local file inclusion/path traversal. If given the possibility to pass unsanitized paths to the loadFile method, a user can retrieve file contents of arbitrary files in the local file system the node process is running in. The file contents are included verbatim in the generated PDFs. Other affected methods are `addImage`, `html`, and `addFont`. Only the node.js builds of the library are affected, namely the `dist/jspdf.node.js` and `dist/jspdf.node.min.js` files. The vulnerability has been fixed in jsPDF@4.0.0. This version restricts file system access per default. This semver-major update does not introduce other breaking changes. Some workarounds areavailable. With recent node versions, jsPDF recommends using the `--permission` flag in production. The feature was introduced experimentally in v20.0.0 and is stable since v22.13.0/v23.5.0/v24.0.0. For older node versions, sanitize user-provided paths before passing them to jsPDF.
CWE:   CWE-35: Path Traversal: '.../...//'
CVSS Source:   NVD
CVSS Base score:   7.5
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N)

CVEID:   CVE-2025-68458
DESCRIPTION:   Webpack is a module bundler. From version 5.49.0 to before 5.104.1, when experiments.buildHttp is enabled, webpack’s HTTP(S) resolver (HttpUriPlugin) can be bypassed to fetch resources from hosts outside allowedUris by using crafted URLs that include userinfo (username:password@host). If allowedUris enforcement relies on a raw string prefix check (e.g., uri.startsWith(allowed)), a URL that looks allow-listed can pass validation while the actual network request is sent to a different authority/host after URL parsing. This is a policy/allow-list bypass that enables build-time SSRF behavior (outbound requests from the build machine to internal-only endpoints, depending on network access) and untrusted content inclusion (the fetched response is treated as module source and bundled). This issue has been patched in version 5.104.1.
CWE:   CWE-918: Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)
CVSS Source:   security-advisories@github.com
CVSS Base score:   3.7
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N)

CVEID:   CVE-2025-68470
DESCRIPTION:   React Router is a router for React. In versions 6.0.0 through 6.30.1 and 7.0.0 through 7.9.5, an attacker-supplied path can be crafted so that when a React Router application navigates to it via navigate(), Link, or redirect(), the app performs a navigation/redirect to an external URL. This is only an issue if you are passing untrusted content into navigation paths in your application code. This issue has been patched in versions 6.30.2 and 7.9.6.
CWE:   CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
CVSS Source:   security-advisories@github.com
CVSS Base score:   6.5
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N)

CVEID:   CVE-2025-69262
DESCRIPTION:   pnpm is a package manager. Versions 6.25.0 through 10.26.2 have a Command Injection vulnerability when using environment variable substitution in .npmrc configuration files with tokenHelper settings. An attacker who can control environment variables during pnpm operations could achieve Remote Code Execution (RCE) in build environments. This issue is fixed in version 10.27.0.
CWE:   CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
CVSS Source:   NVD
CVSS Base score:   7.8
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H)

CVEID:   CVE-2025-69263
DESCRIPTION:   pnpm is a package manager. Versions 10.26.2 and below store HTTP tarball dependencies (and git-hosted tarballs) in the lockfile without integrity hashes. This allows the remote server to serve different content on each install, even when a lockfile is committed. An attacker who publishes a package with an HTTP tarball dependency can serve different code to different users or CI/CD environments. The attack requires the victim to install a package that has an HTTP/git tarball in its dependency tree. The victim's lockfile provides no protection. This issue is fixed in version 10.26.0.
CWE:   CWE-494: Download of Code Without Integrity Check
CVSS Source:   NVD
CVSS Base score:   8.8
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H)

CVEID:   CVE-2025-69264
DESCRIPTION:   pnpm is a package manager. Versions 10.0.0 through 10.25 allow git-hosted dependencies to execute arbitrary code during pnpm install, circumventing the v10 security feature "Dependency lifecycle scripts execution disabled by default". While pnpm v10 blocks postinstall scripts via the onlyBuiltDependencies mechanism, git dependencies can still execute prepare, prepublish, and prepack scripts during the fetch phase, enabling remote code execution without user consent or approval. This issue is fixed in version 10.26.0.
CWE:   CWE-693: Protection Mechanism Failure
CVSS Source:   NVD
CVSS Base score:   9.8
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H)

CVEID:   CVE-2025-69873
DESCRIPTION:   ajv (Another JSON Schema Validator) before 8.18.0 is vulnerable to Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) when the $data option is enabled. The pattern keyword accepts runtime data via JSON Pointer syntax ($data reference), which is passed directly to the JavaScript RegExp() constructor without validation. An attacker can inject a malicious regex pattern (e.g., "^(a|a)*$") combined with crafted input to cause catastrophic backtracking. A 31-character payload causes approximately 44 seconds of CPU blocking, with each additional character doubling execution time. This enables complete denial of service with a single HTTP request against any API using ajv with $data: true for dynamic schema validation. This issue is also fixed in version 6.14.0.
CWE:   CWE-1333: Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
CVSS Source:   cve@mitre.org
CVSS Base score:   2.9
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L)

CVEID:   CVE-2025-7338
DESCRIPTION:   Multer is a node.js middleware for handling `multipart/form-data`. A vulnerability that is present starting in version 1.4.4-lts.1 and prior to version 2.0.2 allows an attacker to trigger a Denial of Service (DoS) by sending a malformed multi-part upload request. This request causes an unhandled exception, leading to a crash of the process. Users should upgrade to version 2.0.2 to receive a patch. No known workarounds are available.
CWE:   CWE-248: Uncaught Exception
CVSS Source:   NVD
CVSS Base score:   7.5
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H)

CVEID:   CVE-2025-7339
DESCRIPTION:   on-headers is a node.js middleware for listening to when a response writes headers. A bug in on-headers versions `1.1.0` may result in response headers being inadvertently modified when an array is passed to `response.writeHead()`. Users should upgrade to version 1.1.0 to receive a patch. Uses are strongly encouraged to upgrade to `1.1.0`, but this issue can be worked around by passing an object to `response.writeHead()` rather than an array.
CWE:   CWE-241: Improper Handling of Unexpected Data Type
CVSS Source:   openjs
CVSS Base score:   3.4
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N)

CVEID:   CVE-2025-8129
DESCRIPTION:   A vulnerability, which was classified as problematic, was found in KoaJS Koa up to 3.0.0. Affected is the function back in the library lib/response.js of the component HTTP Header Handler. The manipulation of the argument Referrer leads to open redirect. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.
CWE:   CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
CVSS Source:   NVD
CVSS Base score:   6.1
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-0540
DESCRIPTION:   DOMPurify 3.1.3 through 3.3.1 and 2.5.3 through 2.5.8, fixed in commit 2726c74, contain a cross-site scripting vulnerability that allows attackers to bypass attribute sanitization by exploiting five missing rawtext elements (noscript, xmp, noembed, noframes, iframe) in the SAFE_FOR_XML regex. Attackers can include payloads like /noscriptimg src=x onerror=alert(1) in attribute values to execute JavaScript when sanitized output is placed inside these unprotected rawtext contexts.
CWE:   CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
CVSS Source:   help@fluidattacks.com
CVSS Base score:   6.1
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-21884
DESCRIPTION:   React Router is a router for React. In @remix-run/react version prior to 2.17.3. and react-router 7.0.0 through 7.11.0, a XSS vulnerability exists in in React Router's ScrollRestoration API in Framework Mode when using the getKey/storageKey props during Server-Side Rendering which could allow arbitrary JavaScript execution during SSR if untrusted content is used to generate the keys. There is no impact if server-side rendering in Framework Mode is disabled, or if Declarative Mode (BrowserRouter) or Data Mode (createBrowserRouter/RouterProvider) is being used. This issue has been patched in @remix-run/react version 2.17.3 and react-router version 7.12.0.
CWE:   CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
CVSS Source:   security-advisories@github.com
CVSS Base score:   8.2
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:L/A:N)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-22029
DESCRIPTION:   React Router is a router for React. In @remix-run/router version prior to 1.23.2. and react-router 7.0.0 through 7.11.0, React Router (and Remix v1/v2) SPA open navigation redirects originating from loaders or actions in Framework Mode, Data Mode, or the unstable RSC modes can result in unsafe URLs causing unintended javascript execution on the client. This is only an issue if you are creating redirect paths from untrusted content or via an open redirect. There is no impact if Declarative Mode (BrowserRouter) is being used. This issue has been patched in @remix-run/router version 1.23.2 and react-router version 7.12.0.
CWE:   CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
CVSS Source:   NVD
CVSS Base score:   6.1
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-22030
DESCRIPTION:   React Router is a router for React. In @remix-run/server-runtime version prior to 2.17.3. and react-router 7.0.0 through 7.11.0, React Router (or Remix v2) is vulnerable to CSRF attacks on document POST requests to UI routes when using server-side route action handlers in Framework Mode, or when using React Server Actions in the new unstable RSC modes. There is no impact if Declarative Mode (BrowserRouter) or Data Mode (createBrowserRouter/RouterProvider) is being used. This issue has been patched in @remix-run/server-runtime version 2.17.3 and react-router version 7.12.0.
CWE:   CWE-346: Origin Validation Error
CVSS Source:   security-advisories@github.com
CVSS Base score:   6.5
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-22037
DESCRIPTION:   The @fastify/express plugin adds full Express compatibility to Fastify. A security vulnerability exists in @fastify/express prior to version 4.0.3 where middleware registered with a specific path prefix can be bypassed using URL-encoded characters (e.g., `/%61dmin` instead of `/admin`). While the middleware engine fails to match the encoded path and skips execution, the underlying Fastify router correctly decodes the path and matches the route handler, allowing attackers to access protected endpoints without the middleware constraints. The vulnerability is caused by how @fastify/express matches requests against registered middleware paths. This vulnerability is similar to, but differs from, CVE-2026-22031 because this is a different npm module with its own code. Version 4.0.3 of @fastify/express contains a patch fort the issue.
CWE:   CWE-177: Improper Handling of URL Encoding (Hex Encoding)
CVSS Source:   security-advisories@github.com
CVSS Base score:   8.4
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:L)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-2327
DESCRIPTION:   Versions of the package markdown-it from 13.0.0 and before 14.1.1 are vulnerable to Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) due to the use of the regex /\*+$/ in the linkify function. An attacker can supply a long sequence of * characters followed by a non-matching character, which triggers excessive backtracking and may lead to a denial-of-service condition.
CWE:   CWE-1333: Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
CVSS Source:   NVD
CVSS Base score:   7.5
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-2359
DESCRIPTION:   Multer is a node.js middleware for handling `multipart/form-data`. A vulnerability in Multer prior to version 2.1.0 allows an attacker to trigger a Denial of Service (DoS) by dropping connection during file upload, potentially causing resource exhaustion. Users should upgrade to version 2.1.0 to receive a patch. No known workarounds are available.
CWE:   CWE-772: Missing Release of Resource after Effective Lifetime
CVSS Source:   NVD
CVSS Base score:   7.5
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-23745
DESCRIPTION:   node-tar is a Tar for Node.js. The node-tar library (= 7.5.2) fails to sanitize the linkpath of Link (hardlink) and SymbolicLink entries when preservePaths is false (the default secure behavior). This allows malicious archives to bypass the extraction root restriction, leading to Arbitrary File Overwrite via hardlinks and Symlink Poisoning via absolute symlink targets. This vulnerability is fixed in 7.5.3.
CWE:   CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
CVSS Source:   NVD
CVSS Base score:   6.1
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-23888
DESCRIPTION:   pnpm is a package manager. Prior to version 10.28.1, a path traversal vulnerability in pnpm's binary fetcher allows malicious packages to write files outside the intended extraction directory. The vulnerability has two attack vectors: (1) Malicious ZIP entries containing `../` or absolute paths that escape the extraction root via AdmZip's `extractAllTo`, and (2) The `BinaryResolution.prefix` field is concatenated into the extraction path without validation, allowing a crafted prefix like `../../evil` to redirect extracted files outside `targetDir`. The issue impacts all pnpm users who install packages with binary assets, users who configure custom Node.js binary locations and CI/CD pipelines that auto-install binary dependencies. It can lead to overwriting config files, scripts, or other sensitive files leading to RCE. Version 10.28.1 contains a patch.
CWE:   CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
CVSS Source:   security-advisories@github.com
CVSS Base score:   6.5
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-23889
DESCRIPTION:   pnpm is a package manager. Prior to version 10.28.1, a path traversal vulnerability in pnpm's tarball extraction allows malicious packages to write files outside the package directory on Windows. The path normalization only checks for `./` but not `.\`. On Windows, backslashes are directory separators, enabling path traversal. This vulnerability is Windows-only. This issue impacts Windows pnpm users and Windows CI/CD pipelines (GitHub Actions Windows runners, Azure DevOps). It can lead to overwriting `.npmrc`, build configs, or other files. Version 10.28.1 contains a patch.
CWE:   CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
CVSS Source:   security-advisories@github.com
CVSS Base score:   6.5
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-23890
DESCRIPTION:   pnpm is a package manager. Prior to version 10.28.1, a path traversal vulnerability in pnpm's bin linking allows malicious npm packages to create executable shims or symlinks outside of `node_modules/.bin`. Bin names starting with `@` bypass validation, and after scope normalization, path traversal sequences like `../../` remain intact. This issue affects all pnpm users who install npm packages and CI/CD pipelines using pnpm. It can lead to overwriting config files, scripts, or other sensitive files. Version 10.28.1 contains a patch.
CWE:   CWE-23: Relative Path Traversal
CVSS Source:   security-advisories@github.com
CVSS Base score:   6.5
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-2391
DESCRIPTION:   ### Summary The `arrayLimit` option in qs does not enforce limits for comma-separated values when `comma: true` is enabled, allowing attackers to cause denial-of-service via memory exhaustion. This is a bypass of the array limit enforcement, similar to the bracket notation bypass addressed in GHSA-6rw7-vpxm-498p (CVE-2025-15284). ### Details When the `comma` option is set to `true` (not the default, but configurable in applications), qs allows parsing comma-separated strings as arrays (e.g., `?param=a,b,c` becomes `['a', 'b', 'c']`). However, the limit check for `arrayLimit` (default: 20) and the optional throwOnLimitExceeded occur after the comma-handling logic in `parseArrayValue`, enabling a bypass. This permits creation of arbitrarily large arrays from a single parameter, leading to excessive memory allocation. **Vulnerable code** (lib/parse.js: lines ~40-50): ```js if (val && typeof val === 'string' && options.comma && val.indexOf(',') -1) {     return val.split(','); } if (options.throwOnLimitExceeded && currentArrayLength = options.arrayLimit) {     throw new RangeError('Array limit exceeded. Only ' + options.arrayLimit + ' element' + (options.arrayLimit === 1 ? '' : 's') + ' allowed in an array.'); } return val; ``` The `split(',')` returns the array immediately, skipping the subsequent limit check. Downstream merging via `utils.combine` does not prevent allocation, even if it marks overflows for sparse arrays.This discrepancy allows attackers to send a single parameter with millions of commas (e.g., `?param=,,,,,,,,...`), allocating massive arrays in memory without triggering limits. It bypasses the intent of `arrayLimit`, which is enforced correctly for indexed (`a[0]=`) and bracket (`a[]=`) notations (the latter fixed in v6.14.1 per GHSA-6rw7-vpxm-498p). ### PoC **Test 1 - Basic bypass:** ``` npm install qs ``` ```js const qs = require('qs'); const payload = 'a=' + ','.repeat(25); // 26 elements after split (bypasses arrayLimit: 5) const options = { comma: true, arrayLimit: 5, throwOnLimitExceeded: true }; try {   const result = qs.parse(payload, options);   console.log(result.a.length); // Outputs: 26 (bypass successful) } catch (e) {   console.log('Limit enforced:', e.message); // Not thrown } ``` **Configuration:** - `comma: true` - `arrayLimit: 5` - `throwOnLimitExceeded: true` Expected: Throws "Array limit exceeded" error. Actual: Parses successfully, creating an array of length 26. ### Impact Denial of Service (DoS) via memory exhaustion.
CWE:   CWE-20: Improper Input Validation
CVSS Source:   NVD
CVSS Base score:   7.5
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-23950
DESCRIPTION:   node-tar,a Tar for Node.js, has a race condition vulnerability in versions up to and including 7.5.3. This is due to an incomplete handling of Unicode path collisions in the `path-reservations` system. On case-insensitive or normalization-insensitive filesystems (such as macOS APFS, In which it has been tested), the library fails to lock colliding paths (e.g., `ß` and `ss`), allowing them to be processed in parallel. This bypasses the library's internal concurrency safeguards and permits Symlink Poisoning attacks via race conditions. The library uses a `PathReservations` system to ensure that metadata checks and file operations for the same path are serialized. This prevents race conditions where one entry might clobber another concurrently. This is a Race Condition which enables Arbitrary File Overwrite. This vulnerability affects users and systems using node-tar on macOS (APFS/HFS+). Because of using `NFD` Unicode normalization (in which `ß` and `ss` are different), conflicting paths do not have their order properly preserved under filesystems that ignore Unicode normalization (e.g., APFS (in which `ß` causes an inode collision with `ss`)). This enables an attacker to circumvent internal parallelization locks (`PathReservations`) using conflicting filenames within a malicious tar archive. The patch in version 7.5.4 updates `path-reservations.js` to use a normalization form that matches the target filesystem's behavior (e.g., `NFKD`), followed by first `toLocaleLowerCase('en')` and then `toLocaleUpperCase('en')`. As a workaround, users who cannot upgrade promptly, and who are programmatically using `node-tar` to extract arbitrary tarball data should filter out all `SymbolicLink` entries (as npm does) to defend against arbitrary file writes via this file system entry name collision issue.
CWE:   CWE-176: Improper Handling of Unicode Encoding
CVSS Source:   NVD
CVSS Base score:   5.9
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-24040
DESCRIPTION:   jsPDF is a library to generate PDFs in JavaScript. Prior to 4.1.0, the addJS method in the jspdf Node.js build utilizes a shared module-scoped variable (text) to store JavaScript content. When used in a concurrent environment (e.g., a Node.js web server), this variable is shared across all requests. If multiple requests generate PDFs simultaneously, the JavaScript content intended for one user may be overwritten by a subsequent request before the document is generated. This results in Cross-User Data Leakage, where the PDF generated for User A contains the JavaScript payload (and any embedded sensitive data) intended for User B. Typically, this only affects server-side environments, although the same race conditions might occur if jsPDF runs client-side. The vulnerability has been fixed in jsPDF@4.1.0.
CWE:   CWE-362: Concurrent Execution using Shared Resource with Improper Synchronization ('Race Condition')
CVSS Source:   NVD
CVSS Base score:   4.8
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-24043
DESCRIPTION:   jsPDF is a library to generate PDFs in JavaScript. Prior to 4.1.0, user control of the first argument of the addMetadata function allows users to inject arbitrary XML. If given the possibility to pass unsanitized input to the addMetadata method, a user can inject arbitrary XMP metadata into the generated PDF. If the generated PDF is signed, stored or otherwise processed after, the integrity of the PDF can no longer be guaranteed. The vulnerability has been fixed in jsPDF@4.1.0.
CWE:   CWE-74: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection')
CVSS Source:   NVD
CVSS Base score:   5.4
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-24056
DESCRIPTION:   pnpm is a package manager. Prior to version 10.28.2, when pnpm installs a `file:` (directory) or `git:` dependency, it follows symlinks and reads their target contents without constraining them to the package root. A malicious package containing a symlink to an absolute path (e.g., `/etc/passwd`, `~/.ssh/id_rsa`) causes pnpm to copy that file's contents into `node_modules`, leaking local data. The vulnerability only affects `file:` and `git:` dependencies. Registry packages (npm) have symlinks stripped during publish and are NOT affected. The issue impacts developers installing local/file dependencies andCI/CD pipelines installing git dependencies. It can lead to credential theft via symlinks to `~/.aws/credentials`, `~/.npmrc`, `~/.ssh/id_rsa`. Version 10.28.2 contains a patch.
CWE:   CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
CVSS Source:   NVD
CVSS Base score:   6.5
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-24131
DESCRIPTION:   pnpm is a package manager. Prior to version 10.28.2, when pnpm processes a package's `directories.bin` field, it uses `path.join()` without validating the result stays within the package root. A malicious npm package can specify `"directories": {"bin": "../../../../tmp"}` to escape the package directory, causing pnpm to chmod 755 files at arbitrary locations. This issue only affects Unix/Linux/macOS. Windows is not affected (`fixBin` gated by `EXECUTABLE_SHEBANG_SUPPORTED`). Version 10.28.2 contains a patch.
CWE:   CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
CVSS Source:   NVD
CVSS Base score:   5.5
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-24133
DESCRIPTION:   jsPDF is a library to generate PDFs in JavaScript. Prior to 4.1.0, user control of the first argument of the addImage method results in denial of service. If given the possibility to pass unsanitized image data or URLs to the addImage method, a user can provide a harmful BMP file that results in out of memory errors and denial of service. Harmful BMP files have large width and/or height entries in their headers, which lead to excessive memory allocation. The html method is also affected. The vulnerability has been fixed in jsPDF@4.1.0.
CWE:   CWE-770: Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
CVSS Source:   NVD
CVSS Base score:   6.5
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-24737
DESCRIPTION:   jsPDF is a library to generate PDFs in JavaScript. Prior to 4.1.0, user control of properties and methods of the Acroform module allows users to inject arbitrary PDF objects, such as JavaScript actions. If given the possibility to pass unsanitized input to one of the following methods or properties, a user can inject arbitrary PDF objects, such as JavaScript actions, which are executed when the victim opens the document. The vulnerable API members are AcroformChoiceField.addOption, AcroformChoiceField.setOptions, AcroFormCheckBox.appearanceState, and AcroFormRadioButton.appearanceState. The vulnerability has been fixed in jsPDF@4.1.0.
CWE:   CWE-116: Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
CVSS Source:   security-advisories@github.com
CVSS Base score:   8.1
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-24739
DESCRIPTION:   Symfony is a PHP framework for web and console applications and a set of reusable PHP components. Prior to versions 5.4.51, 6.4.33, 7.3.11, 7.4.5, and 8.0.5, the Symfony Process component did not correctly treat some characters (notably `=`) as “special” when escaping arguments on Windows. When PHP is executed from an MSYS2-based environment (e.g. Git Bash) and Symfony Process spawns native Windows executables, MSYS2’s argument/path conversion can mis-handle unquoted arguments containing these characters. This can cause the spawned process to receive corrupted/truncated arguments compared to what Symfony intended. If an application (or tooling such as Composer scripts) uses Symfony Process to invoke file-management commands (e.g. `rmdir`, `del`, etc.) with a path argument containing `=`, the MSYS2 conversion layer may alter the argument at runtime. In affected setups this can result in operations being performed on an unintended path, up to and including deletion of the contents of a broader directory or drive. The issue is particularly relevant when untrusted input can influence process arguments (directly or indirectly, e.g. via repository paths, extracted archive paths, temporary directories, or user-controlled configuration). Versions 5.4.51, 6.4.33, 7.3.11, 7.4.5, and 8.0.5 contains a patch for the issue. Some workarounds are available. Avoid running PHP/one's own tooling from MSYS2-based shells on Windows; prefer cmd.exe or PowerShell for workflows that spawn native executables. Avoid passing paths containing `=` (and similar MSYS2-sensitive characters) to Symfony Process when operating under Git Bash/MSYS2. Where applicable, configure MSYS2 to disable or restrict argument conversion (e.g. via `MSYS2_ARG_CONV_EXCL`), understanding this may affect other tooling behavior.
CWE:   CWE-88: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command ('Argument Injection')
CVSS Source:   security-advisories@github.com
CVSS Base score:   6.3
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-24765
DESCRIPTION:   PHPUnit is a testing framework for PHP. A vulnerability has been discovered in versions prior to 12.5.8, 11.5.50, 10.5.62, 9.6.33, and 8.5.52 involving unsafe deserialization of code coverage data in PHPT test execution. The vulnerability exists in the `cleanupForCoverage()` method, which deserializes code coverage files without validation, potentially allowing remote code execution if malicious `.coverage` files are present prior to the execution of the PHPT test. The vulnerability occurs when a `.coverage` file, which should not exist before test execution, is deserialized without the `allowed_classes` parameter restriction. An attacker with local file write access can place a malicious serialized object with a `__wakeup()` method into the file system, leading to arbitrary code execution during test runs with code coverage instrumentation enabled. This vulnerability requires local file write access to the location where PHPUnit stores or expects code coverage files for PHPT tests. This can occur through CI/CD pipeline attacks, the local development environment, and/or compromised dependencies. Rather than just silently sanitizing the input via `['allowed_classes' = false]`, the maintainer has chosen to make the anomalous state explicit by treating pre-existing `.coverage` files for PHPT tests as an error condition. Starting in versions in versions 12.5.8, 11.5.50, 10.5.62, 9.6.33, when a `.coverage` file is detected for a PHPT test prior to execution, PHPUnit will emit a clear error message identifying the anomalous state. Organizations can reduce the effective risk of this vulnerability through proper CI/CD configuration, including ephemeral runners, code review enforcement, branch protection, artifact isolation, and access control.
CWE:   CWE-502: Deserialization of Untrusted Data
CVSS Source:   security-advisories@github.com
CVSS Base score:   7.8
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-24842
DESCRIPTION:   node-tar,a Tar for Node.js, contains a vulnerability in versions prior to 7.5.7 where the security check for hardlink entries uses different path resolution semantics than the actual hardlink creation logic. This mismatch allows an attacker to craft a malicious TAR archive that bypasses path traversal protections and creates hardlinks to arbitrary files outside the extraction directory. Version 7.5.7 contains a fix for the issue.
CWE:   CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
CVSS Source:   security-advisories@github.com
CVSS Base score:   8.2
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:L/A:N)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-25128
DESCRIPTION:   fast-xml-parser allows users to validate XML, parse XML to JS object, or build XML from JS object without C/C++ based libraries and no callback. In versions 5.0.9 through 5.3.3, a RangeError vulnerability exists in the numeric entity processing of fast-xml-parser when parsing XML with out-of-range entity code points (e.g., `陿` or ``). This causes the parser to throw an uncaught exception, crashing any application that processes untrusted XML input. Version 5.3.4 fixes the issue.
CWE:   CWE-20: Improper Input Validation
CVSS Source:   security-advisories@github.com
CVSS Base score:   7.5
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-25223
DESCRIPTION:   Fastify is a fast and low overhead web framework, for Node.js. Prior to version 5.7.2, a validation bypass vulnerability exists in Fastify where request body validation schemas specified by Content-Type can be completely circumvented. By appending a tab character (\t) followed by arbitrary content to the Content-Type header, attackers can bypass body validation while the server still processes the body as the original content type. This issue has been patched in version 5.7.2.
CWE:   CWE-436: Interpretation Conflict
CVSS Source:   security-advisories@github.com
CVSS Base score:   7.5
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-25224
DESCRIPTION:   Fastify is a fast and low overhead web framework, for Node.js. Prior to version 5.7.3, a denial-of-service vulnerability in Fastify’s Web Streams response handling can allow a remote client to exhaust server memory. Applications that return a ReadableStream (or Response with a Web Stream body) via reply.send() are impacted. A slow or non-reading client can trigger unbounded buffering when backpressure is ignored, leading to process crashes or severe degradation. This issue has been patched in version 5.7.3.
CWE:   CWE-770: Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
CVSS Source:   security-advisories@github.com
CVSS Base score:   3.7
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-25535
DESCRIPTION:   jsPDF is a library to generate PDFs in JavaScript. Prior to 4.2.0, user control of the first argument of the `addImage` method results in denial of service. If given the possibility to pass unsanitized image data or URLs to the `addImage` method, a user can provide a harmful GIF file that results in out of memory errors and denial of service. Harmful GIF files have large width and/or height entries in their headers, which lead to excessive memory allocation. Other affected methods are: `html`. The vulnerability has been fixed in jsPDF 4.2.0. As a workaround, sanitize image data or URLs before passing it to the addImage method or one of the other affected methods.
CWE:   CWE-400: Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
CVSS Source:   NVD
CVSS Base score:   7.5
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-25547
DESCRIPTION:   @isaacs/brace-expansion is a hybrid CJS/ESM TypeScript fork of brace-expansion. Prior to version 5.0.1, @isaacs/brace-expansion is vulnerable to a denial of service (DoS) issue caused by unbounded brace range expansion. When an attacker provides a pattern containing repeated numeric brace ranges, the library attempts to eagerly generate every possible combination synchronously. Because the expansion grows exponentially, even a small input can consume excessive CPU and memory and may crash the Node.js process. This issue has been patched in version 5.0.1.
CWE:   CWE-1333: Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
CVSS Source:   security-advisories@github.com
CVSS Base score:   9.2
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:H)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-25639
DESCRIPTION:   Axios is a promise based HTTP client for the browser and Node.js. Prior to versions 0.30.3 and 1.13.5, the mergeConfig function in axios crashes with a TypeError when processing configuration objects containing __proto__ as an own property. An attacker can trigger this by providing a malicious configuration object created via JSON.parse(), causing complete denial of service. This vulnerability is fixed in versions 0.30.3 and 1.13.5.
CWE:   CWE-754: Improper Check for Unusual or Exceptional Conditions
CVSS Source:   security-advisories@github.com
CVSS Base score:   7.5
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-25755
DESCRIPTION:   jsPDF is a library to generate PDFs in JavaScript. Prior to 4.2.0, user control of the argument of the `addJS` method allows an attacker to inject arbitrary PDF objects into the generated document. By crafting a payload that escapes the JavaScript string delimiter, an attacker can execute malicious actions or alter the document structure, impacting any user who opens the generated PDF. The vulnerability has been fixed in jspdf@4.2.0. As a workaround, escape parentheses in user-provided JavaScript code before passing them to the `addJS` method.
CWE:   CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
CVSS Source:   NVD
CVSS Base score:   8.8
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-25896
DESCRIPTION:   fast-xml-parser allows users to validate XML, parse XML to JS object, or build XML from JS object without C/C++ based libraries and no callback. From 4.1.3to before 5.3.5, a dot (.) in a DOCTYPE entity name is treated as a regex wildcard during entity replacement, allowing an attacker to shadow built-in XML entities (<, >, &, ", ') with arbitrary values. This bypasses entity encoding and leads to XSS when parsed output is rendered. This vulnerability is fixed in 5.3.5.
CWE:   CWE-185: Incorrect Regular Expression
CVSS Source:   security-advisories@github.com
CVSS Base score:   9.3
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:H/A:N)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-25940
DESCRIPTION:   jsPDF is a library to generate PDFs in JavaScript. Prior to 4.2.0, user control of properties and methods of the Acroform module allows users to inject arbitrary PDF objects, such as JavaScript actions. If given the possibility to pass unsanitized input to one of the following property, a user can inject arbitrary PDF objects, such as JavaScript actions, which are executed when the victim hovers over the radio option. The vulnerability has been fixed in jsPDF@4.2.0. As a workaround, sanitize user input before passing it to the vulnerable API members.
CWE:   CWE-116: Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
CVSS Source:   security-advisories@github.com
CVSS Base score:   8.1
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-26278
DESCRIPTION:   fast-xml-parser allows users to validate XML, parse XML to JS object, or build XML from JS object without C/C++ based libraries and no callback. In versions 4.1.3 through 5.3.5, the XML parser can be forced to do an unlimited amount of entity expansion. With a very small XML input, it’s possible to make the parser spend seconds or even minutes processing a single request, effectively freezing the application. Version 5.3.6 fixes the issue. As a workaround, avoid using DOCTYPE parsing by `processEntities: false` option.
CWE:   CWE-776: Improper Restriction of Recursive Entity References in DTDs ('XML Entity Expansion')
CVSS Source:   security-advisories@github.com
CVSS Base score:   7.5
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-26960
DESCRIPTION:   node-tar is a full-featured Tar for Node.js. When using default options in versions 7.5.7 and below, an attacker-controlled archive can create a hardlink inside the extraction directory that points to a file outside the extraction root, enabling arbitrary file read and write as the extracting user. Severity is high because the primitive bypasses path protections and turns archive extraction into a direct filesystem access primitive. This issue has been fixed in version 7.5.8.
CWE:   CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
CVSS Source:   NVD
CVSS Base score:   7.1
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-26961
DESCRIPTION:   Rack is a modular Ruby web server interface. Prior to versions 2.2.23, 3.1.21, and 3.2.6, Rack::Multipart::Parser extracts the boundary parameter from multipart/form-data using a greedy regular expression. When a Content-Type header contains multiple boundary parameters, Rack selects the last one rather than the first. In deployments where an upstream proxy, WAF, or intermediary interprets the first boundary parameter, this mismatch can allow an attacker to smuggle multipart content past upstream inspection and have Rack parse a different body structure than the intermediary validated. This issue has been patched in versions 2.2.23, 3.1.21, and 3.2.6.
CWE:   CWE-436: Interpretation Conflict
CVSS Source:   NVD
CVSS Base score:   5.3
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-26962
DESCRIPTION:   Rack is a modular Ruby web server interface. From version 3.2.0 to before version 3.2.6, Rack::Multipart::Parser unfolds folded multipart part headers incorrectly. When a multipart header contains an obs-fold sequence, Rack preserves the embedded CRLF in parsed parameter values such as filename or name instead of removing the folded line break during unfolding. As a result, applications that later reuse those parsed values in HTTP response headers may be vulnerable to downstream header injection or response splitting. This issue has been patched in version 3.2.6.
CWE:   CWE-93: Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences ('CRLF Injection')
CVSS Source:   NVD
CVSS Base score:   6.5
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-27942
DESCRIPTION:   fast-xml-parser allows users to validate XML, parse XML to JS object, or build XML from JS object without C/C++ based libraries and no callback. Prior to version 5.3.8, the application crashes with stack overflow when user use XML builder with `preserveOrder:true`. Version 5.3.8 fixes the issue. As a workaround, use XML builder with `preserveOrder:false` or check the input data before passing to builder.
CWE:   CWE-120: Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input ('Classic Buffer Overflow')
CVSS Source:   NVD
CVSS Base score:   7.5
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-27959
DESCRIPTION:   Koa is middleware for Node.js using ES2017 async functions. Prior to versions 3.1.2 and 2.16.4, Koa's `ctx.hostname` API performs naive parsing of the HTTP Host header, extracting everything before the first colon without validating the input conforms to RFC 3986 hostname syntax. When a malformed Host header containing a `@` symbol is received, `ctx.hostname` returns `evil[.]com` - an attacker-controlled value. Applications using `ctx.hostname` for URL generation, password reset links, email verification URLs, or routing decisions are vulnerable to Host header injection attacks. Versions 3.1.2 and 2.16.4 fix the issue.
CWE:   CWE-20: Improper Input Validation
CVSS Source:   security-advisories@github.com
CVSS Base score:   7.5
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-29063
DESCRIPTION:   Immutable.js provides many Persistent Immutable data structures. Prior to versions 3.8.3, 4.3.7, and 5.1.5, Prototype Pollution is possible in immutable via the mergeDeep(), mergeDeepWith(), merge(), Map.toJS(), and Map.toObject() APIs. This issue has been patched in versions 3.8.3, 4.3.7, and 5.1.5.
CWE:   CWE-1321: Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
CVSS Source:   NVD
CVSS Base score:   9.8
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-29786
DESCRIPTION:   node-tar is a full-featured Tar for Node.js. Prior to version 7.5.10, tar can be tricked into creating a hardlink that points outside the extraction directory by using a drive-relative link target such as C:../target.txt, which enables file overwrite outside cwd during normal tar.x() extraction. This issue has been patched in version 7.5.10.
CWE:   CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
CVSS Source:   NVD
CVSS Base score:   6.3
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:N)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-31802
DESCRIPTION:   node-tar is a full-featured Tar for Node.js. Prior to version 7.5.11, tar (npm) can be tricked into creating a symlink that points outside the extraction directory by using a drive-relative symlink target such as C:../../../target.txt, which enables file overwrite outside cwd during normal tar.x() extraction. This vulnerability is fixed in 7.5.11.
CWE:   CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
CVSS Source:   NVD
CVSS Base score:   5.5
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-31898
DESCRIPTION:   jsPDF is a library to generate PDFs in JavaScript. Prior to version 4.2.1, user control of arguments of the `createAnnotation` method allows users to inject arbitrary PDF objects, such as JavaScript actions. If given the possibility to pass unsanitized input to the following method, a user can inject arbitrary PDF objects, such as JavaScript actions, which might trigger when the PDF is opened or interacted with the `createAnnotation`: `color` parameter. The vulnerability has been fixed in jsPDF@4.2.1. As a workaround, sanitize user input before passing it to the vulnerable API members.
CWE:   CWE-116: Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
CVSS Source:   NVD
CVSS Base score:   6.5
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-31938
DESCRIPTION:   jsPDF is a library to generate PDFs in JavaScript. Prior to version 4.2.1, user control of the `options` argument of the `output` function allows attackers to inject arbitrary HTML (such as scripts) into the browser context the created PDF is opened in. The vulnerability can be exploited in the following scenario: the attacker provides values for the output options, for example via a web interface. These values are then passed unsanitized (automatically or semi-automatically) to the attack victim. The victim creates and opens a PDF with the attack vector using one of the vulnerable method overloads inside their browser. The attacker can thus inject scripts that run in the victims browser context and can extract or modify secrets from this context. The vulnerability has been fixed in jspdf@4.2.1. As a workaround, sanitize user input before passing it to the output method.
CWE:   CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
CVSS Source:   NVD
CVSS Base score:   6.1
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-32141
DESCRIPTION:   flatted is a circular JSON parser. Prior to 3.4.0, flatted's parse() function uses a recursive revive() phase to resolve circular references in deserialized JSON. When given a crafted payload with deeply nested or self-referential $ indices, the recursion depth is unbounded, causing a stack overflow that crashes the Node.js process. This vulnerability is fixed in 3.4.0.
CWE:   CWE-674: Uncontrolled Recursion
CVSS Source:   security-advisories@github.com
CVSS Base score:   7.5
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-32762
DESCRIPTION:   Rack is a modular Ruby web server interface. From versions 3.0.0.beta1 to before 3.1.21 and 3.2.0 to before 3.2.6, Rack::Utils.forwarded_values parses the RFC 7239 Forwarded header by splitting on semicolons before handling quoted-string values. Because quoted values may legally contain semicolons, a header can be interpreted by Rack as multiple Forwarded directives rather than as a single quoted for value. In deployments where an upstream proxy, WAF, or intermediary validates or preserves quoted Forwarded values differently, this discrepancy can allow an attacker to smuggle host, proto, for, or by parameters through a single header value. This issue has been patched in versions 3.1.21 and 3.2.6.
CWE:   CWE-436: Interpretation Conflict
CVSS Source:   NVD
CVSS Base score:   6.5
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-33036
DESCRIPTION:   fast-xml-parser allows users to process XML from JS object without C/C++ based libraries or callbacks. Versions 4.0.0-beta.3 through 5.5.5 contain a bypass vulnerability where numeric character references (&#NNN;, &#xHH;) and standard XML entities completely evade the entity expansion limits (e.g., maxTotalExpansions, maxExpandedLength) added to fix CVE-2026-26278, enabling XML entity expansion Denial of Service. The root cause is that replaceEntitiesValue() in OrderedObjParser.js only enforces expansion counting on DOCTYPE-defined entities while the lastEntities loop handling numeric/standard entities performs no counting at all. An attacker supplying 1M numeric entity references like A can force ~147MB of memory allocation and heavy CPU usage, potentially crashing the process—even when developers have configured strict limits. This issue has been fixed in version 5.5.6.
CWE:   CWE-776: Improper Restriction of Recursive Entity References in DTDs ('XML Entity Expansion')
CVSS Source:   security-advisories@github.com
CVSS Base score:   7.5
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-3304
DESCRIPTION:   Multer is a node.js middleware for handling `multipart/form-data`. A vulnerability in Multer prior to version 2.1.0 allows an attacker to trigger a Denial of Service (DoS) by sending malformed requests, potentially causing resource exhaustion. Users should upgrade to version 2.1.0 to receive a patch. No known workarounds are available.
CWE:   CWE-459: Incomplete Cleanup
CVSS Source:   NVD
CVSS Base score:   7.5
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-33210
DESCRIPTION:   Ruby JSON is a JSON implementation for Ruby. From version 2.14.0 to before versions 2.15.2.1, 2.17.1.2, and 2.19.2, a format string injection vulnerability can lead to denial of service attacks or information disclosure, when the allow_duplicate_key: false parsing option is used to parse user supplied documents. This issue has been patched in versions 2.15.2.1, 2.17.1.2, and 2.19.2.
CWE:   CWE-134: Use of Externally-Controlled Format String
CVSS Source:   NVD
CVSS Base score:   9.1
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-33228
DESCRIPTION:   flatted is a circular JSON parser. Prior to version 3.4.2, the parse() function in flatted can use attacker-controlled string values from the parsed JSON as direct array index keys, without validating that they are numeric. Since the internal input buffer is a JavaScript Array, accessing it with the key "__proto__" returns Array.prototype via the inherited getter. This object is then treated as a legitimate parsed value and assigned as a property of the output object, effectively leaking a live reference to Array.prototype to the consumer. Any code that subsequently writes to that property will pollute the global prototype. This issue has been patched in version 3.4.2.
CWE:   CWE-1321: Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
CVSS Source:   NVD
CVSS Base score:   9.8
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-33349
DESCRIPTION:   fast-xml-parser allows users to process XML from JS object without C/C++ based libraries or callbacks. From version 4.0.0-beta.3 to before version 5.5.7, the DocTypeReader in fast-xml-parser uses JavaScript truthy checks to evaluate maxEntityCount and maxEntitySize configuration limits. When a developer explicitly sets either limit to 0 — intending to disallow all entities or restrict entity size to zero bytes — the falsy nature of 0 in JavaScript causes the guard conditions to short-circuit, completely bypassing the limits. An attacker who can supply XML input to such an application can trigger unbounded entity expansion, leading to memory exhaustion and denial of service. This issue has been patched in version 5.5.7.
CWE:   CWE-1284: Improper Validation of Specified Quantity in Input
CVSS Source:   security-advisories@github.com
CVSS Base score:   5.9
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-33806
DESCRIPTION:   Impact: Fastify applications using schema.body.content for per-content-type body validation can have validation bypassed entirely by prepending a space to the Content-Type header. The body is still parsed correctly but schema validation is skipped. This is a regression introduced in fastify = 5.3.2 by the fix for CVE-2025-32442 Patches: Upgrade to fastify v5.8.5 or later. Workarounds: None. Upgrade to the patched version.
CWE:   CWE-1287: Improper Validation of Specified Type of Input
CVSS Source:   openjs
CVSS Base score:   7.5
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-33807
DESCRIPTION:   @fastify/express v4.0.4 and earlier contains a path handling bug in the onRegister function that causes middleware paths to be doubled when inherited by child plugins. When a child plugin is registered with a prefix that matches a middleware path, the middleware path is prefixed a second time, causing it to never match incoming requests. This results in complete bypass of Express middleware security controls, including authentication, authorization, and rate limiting, for all routes defined within affected child plugin scopes. No special configuration or request crafting is required. Upgrade to @fastify/express v4.0.5 or later.
CWE:   CWE-436: Interpretation Conflict
CVSS Source:   openjs
CVSS Base score:   9.1
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-33808
DESCRIPTION:   Impact@fastify/express v4.0.4 and earlier fails to normalize URLs before passing them to Express middleware when Fastify router normalization options are enabled. This allows complete bypass of path-scoped authentication middleware via duplicate slashes when ignoreDuplicateSlashes is enabled, or via semicolon delimiters when useSemicolonDelimiter is enabled. In both cases, Fastify router normalizes the URL and matches the route, but @fastify/express passes the original un-normalized URL to Express middleware, which fails to match and is skipped. An unauthenticated attacker can access protected routes by manipulating the URL path. PatchesUpgrade to @fastify/express v4.0.5 or later.
CWE:   CWE-436: Interpretation Conflict
CVSS Source:   openjs
CVSS Base score:   9.1
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-33937
DESCRIPTION:   Handlebars provides the power necessary to let users build semantic templates. In versions 4.0.0 through 4.7.8, `Handlebars.compile()` accepts a pre-parsed AST object in addition to a template string. The `value` field of a `NumberLiteral` AST node is emitted directly into the generated JavaScript without quoting or sanitization. An attacker who can supply a crafted AST to `compile()` can therefore inject and execute arbitrary JavaScript, leading to Remote Code Execution on the server. Version 4.7.9 fixes the issue. Some workarounds are available. Validate input type before calling `Handlebars.compile()`; ensure the argument is always a `string`, never a plain object or JSON-deserialized value. Use the Handlebars runtime-only build (`handlebars/runtime`) on the server if templates are pre-compiled at build time; `compile()` will be unavailable.
CWE:   CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
CVSS Source:   security-advisories@github.com
CVSS Base score:   9.8
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-33941
DESCRIPTION:   Handlebars provides the power necessary to let users build semantic templates. In versions 4.0.0 through 4.7.8, the Handlebars CLI precompiler (`bin/handlebars` / `lib/precompiler.js`) concatenates user-controlled strings — template file names and several CLI options — directly into the JavaScript it emits, without any escaping or sanitization. An attacker who can influence template filenames or CLI arguments can inject arbitrary JavaScript that executes when the generated bundle is loaded in Node.js or a browser. Version 4.7.9 fixes the issue. Some workarounds are available. First, validate all CLI inputs before invoking the precompiler. Reject filenames and option values that contain characters with JavaScript string-escaping significance (`"`, `'`, `;`, etc.). Second, use a fixed, trusted namespace string passed via a configuration file rather than command-line arguments in automated pipelines. Third, run the precompiler in a sandboxed environment (container with no write access to sensitive paths) to limit the impact of successful exploitation. Fourth, audit template filenames in any repository or package that is consumed by an automated build pipeline.
CWE:   CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
CVSS Source:   NVD
CVSS Base score:   8.2
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-34043
DESCRIPTION:   Serialize JavaScript to a superset of JSON that includes regular expressions and functions. Prior to version 7.0.5, there is a Denial of Service (DoS) vulnerability caused by CPU exhaustion. When serializing a specially crafted "array-like" object (an object that inherits from Array.prototype but has a very large length property), the process enters an intensive loop that consumes 100% CPU and hangs indefinitely. This issue has been patched in version 7.0.5.
CWE:   CWE-400: Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
CVSS Source:   NVD
CVSS Base score:   7.5
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-3419
DESCRIPTION:   Fastify incorrectly accepts malformed `Content-Type` headers containing trailing characters after the subtype token, in violation of RFC 9110 §8.3.1(https://httpwg.org/specs/rfc9110.html#field.content-type). For example, a request sent with Content-Type: application/json garbage passes validation and is processed normally, rather than being rejected with 415 Unsupported Media Type. When regex-based content-type parsers are in use (a documented Fastify feature), the malformed value is matched against registered parsers using the full string including the trailing garbage. This means a request with an invalid content-type may be routed to and processed by a parser it should never have reached. Impact: An attacker can send requests with RFC-invalid Content-Type headers that bypass validity checks, reach content-type parser matching, and be processed by the server. Requests that should be rejected at the validation stage are instead handled as if the content-type were valid. Workarounds: Deploy a WAF rule to protect against this Fix: The fix is available starting with v5.8.1.
CWE:   CWE-185: Incorrect Regular Expression
CVSS Source:   openjs
CVSS Base score:   5.3
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-34230
DESCRIPTION:   Rack is a modular Ruby web server interface. Prior to versions 2.2.23, 3.1.21, and 3.2.6, Rack::Utils.select_best_encoding processes Accept-Encoding values with quadratic time complexity when the header contains many wildcard (*) entries. Because this method is used by Rack::Deflater to choose a response encoding, an unauthenticated attacker can send a single request with a crafted Accept-Encoding header and cause disproportionate CPU consumption on the compression middleware path. This results in a denial of service condition for applications using Rack::Deflater. This issue has been patched in versions 2.2.23, 3.1.21, and 3.2.6.
CWE:   CWE-400: Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
CVSS Source:   NVD
CVSS Base score:   7.5
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-34763
DESCRIPTION:   Rack is a modular Ruby web server interface. Prior to versions 2.2.23, 3.1.21, and 3.2.6, Rack::Directory interpolates the configured root path directly into a regular expression when deriving the displayed directory path. If root contains regex metacharacters such as +, *, or ., the prefix stripping can fail and the generated directory listing may expose the full filesystem path in the HTML output. This issue has been patched in versions 2.2.23, 3.1.21, and 3.2.6.
CWE:   CWE-625: Permissive Regular Expression
CVSS Source:   security-advisories@github.com
CVSS Base score:   5.3
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-34785
DESCRIPTION:   Rack is a modular Ruby web server interface. Prior to versions 2.2.23, 3.1.21, and 3.2.6, Rack::Static determines whether a request should be served as a static file using a simple string prefix check. When configured with URL prefixes such as "/css", it matches any request path that begins with that string, including unrelated paths such as "/css-config.env" or "/css-backup.sql". As a result, files under the static root whose names merely share the configured prefix may be served unintentionally, leading to information disclosure. This issue has been patched in versions 2.2.23, 3.1.21, and 3.2.6.
CWE:   CWE-187: Partial String Comparison
CVSS Source:   security-advisories@github.com
CVSS Base score:   7.5
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-34786
DESCRIPTION:   Rack is a modular Ruby web server interface. Prior to versions 2.2.23, 3.1.21, and 3.2.6, Rack::Static#applicable_rules evaluates several header_rules types against the raw URL-encoded PATH_INFO, while the underlying file-serving path is decoded before the file is served. As a result, a request for a URL-encoded variant of a static path can serve the same file without the headers that header_rules were intended to apply. In deployments that rely on Rack::Static to attach security-relevant response headers to static content, this can allow an attacker to bypass those headers by requesting an encoded form of the path. This issue has been patched in versions 2.2.23, 3.1.21, and 3.2.6.
CWE:   CWE-180: Incorrect Behavior Order: Validate Before Canonicalize
CVSS Source:   security-advisories@github.com
CVSS Base score:   5.3
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-34826
DESCRIPTION:   Rack is a modular Ruby web server interface. Prior to versions 2.2.23, 3.1.21, and 3.2.6, Rack::Utils.get_byte_ranges parses the HTTP Range header without limiting the number of individual byte ranges. Although the existing fix for CVE-2024-26141 rejects ranges whose total byte coverage exceeds the file size, it does not restrict the count of ranges. An attacker can supply many small overlapping ranges such as 0-0,0-0,0-0,... to trigger disproportionate CPU, memory, I/O, and bandwidth consumption per request. This results in a denial of service condition in Rack file-serving paths that process multipart byte range responses. This issue has been patched in versions 2.2.23, 3.1.21, and 3.2.6.
CWE:   CWE-400: Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
CVSS Source:   NVD
CVSS Base score:   7.5
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-34827
DESCRIPTION:   Rack is a modular Ruby web server interface. From versions 3.0.0.beta1 to before 3.1.21, and 3.2.0 to before 3.2.6, Rack::Multipart::Parser#handle_mime_head parses quoted multipart parameters such as Content-Disposition: form-data; name="..." using repeated String#index searches combined with String#slice! prefix deletion. For escape-heavy quoted values, this causes super-linear processing. An unauthenticated attacker can send a crafted multipart/form-data request containing many parts with long backslash-escaped parameter values to trigger excessive CPU usage during multipart parsing. This results in a denial of service condition in Rack applications that accept multipart form data. This issue has been patched in versions 3.1.21 and 3.2.6.
CWE:   CWE-400: Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
CVSS Source:   security-advisories@github.com
CVSS Base score:   7.5
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-34829
DESCRIPTION:   Rack is a modular Ruby web server interface. Prior to versions 2.2.23, 3.1.21, and 3.2.6, Rack::Multipart::Parser only wraps the request body in a BoundedIO when CONTENT_LENGTH is present. When a multipart/form-data request is sent without a Content-Length header, such as with HTTP chunked transfer encoding, multipart parsing continues until end-of-stream with no total size limit. For file parts, the uploaded body is written directly to a temporary file on disk rather than being constrained by the buffered in-memory upload limit. An unauthenticated attacker can therefore stream an arbitrarily large multipart file upload and consume unbounded disk space. This results in a denial of service condition for Rack applications that accept multipart form data. This issue has been patched in versions 2.2.23, 3.1.21, and 3.2.6.
CWE:   CWE-400: Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
CVSS Source:   security-advisories@github.com
CVSS Base score:   7.5
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-34830
DESCRIPTION:   Rack is a modular Ruby web server interface. Prior to versions 2.2.23, 3.1.21, and 3.2.6, Rack::Sendfile#map_accel_path interpolates the value of the X-Accel-Mapping request header directly into a regular expression when rewriting file paths for X-Accel-Redirect. Because the header value is not escaped, an attacker who can supply X-Accel-Mapping to the backend can inject regex metacharacters and control the generated X-Accel-Redirect response header. In deployments using Rack::Sendfile with x-accel-redirect, this can allow an attacker to cause nginx to serve unintended files from configured internal locations. This issue has been patched in versions 2.2.23, 3.1.21, and 3.2.6.
CWE:   CWE-625: Permissive Regular Expression
CVSS Source:   NVD
CVSS Base score:   7.5
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-34831
DESCRIPTION:   Rack is a modular Ruby web server interface. Prior to versions 2.2.23, 3.1.21, and 3.2.6, Rack::Files#fail sets the Content-Length response header using String#size instead of String#bytesize. When the response body contains multibyte UTF-8 characters, the declared Content-Length is smaller than the number of bytes actually sent on the wire. Because Rack::Files reflects the requested path in 404 responses, an attacker can trigger this mismatch by requesting a non-existent path containing percent-encoded UTF-8 characters. This results in incorrect HTTP response framing and may cause response desynchronization in deployments that rely on the incorrect Content-Length value. This issue has been patched in versions 2.2.23, 3.1.21, and 3.2.6.
CWE:   CWE-130: Improper Handling of Length Parameter Inconsistency
CVSS Source:   NVD
CVSS Base score:   6.5
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-34835
DESCRIPTION:   Rack is a modular Ruby web server interface. From versions 3.0.0.beta1 to before 3.1.21, and 3.2.0 to before 3.2.6, Rack::Request parses the Host header using an AUTHORITY regular expression that accepts characters not permitted in RFC-compliant hostnames, including /, ?, #, and @. Because req.host returns the full parsed value, applications that validate hosts using naive prefix or suffix checks can be bypassed. This can lead to host header poisoning in applications that use req.host, req.url, or req.base_url for link generation, redirects, or origin validation. This issue has been patched in versions 3.1.21 and 3.2.6.
CWE:   CWE-1286: Improper Validation of Syntactic Correctness of Input
CVSS Source:   NVD
CVSS Base score:   6.5
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-3520
DESCRIPTION:   Multer is a node.js middleware for handling `multipart/form-data`. A vulnerability in Multer prior to version 2.1.1 allows an attacker to trigger a Denial of Service (DoS) by sending malformed requests, potentially causing stack overflow. Users should upgrade to version 2.1.1 to receive a patch. No known workarounds are available.
CWE:   CWE-674: Uncontrolled Recursion
CVSS Source:   NVD
CVSS Base score:   7.5
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-35611
DESCRIPTION:   Addressable is an alternative implementation to the URI implementation that is part of Ruby's standard library. From 2.3.0 to before 2.9.0, within the URI template implementation in Addressable, two classes of URI template generate regular expressions vulnerable to catastrophic backtracking. Templates using the * (explode) modifier with any expansion operator (e.g., {foo*}, {+var*}, {#var*}, {/var*}, {.var*}, {;var*}, {?var*}, {&var*}) generate patterns with nested unbounded quantifiers that are O(2^n) when matched against a maliciously crafted URI. Templates using multiple variables with the + or # operators (e.g., {+v1,v2,v3}) generate patterns with O(n^k) complexity due to the comma separator being within the matched character class, causing ambiguous backtracking across k variables. When matched against a maliciously crafted URI, this can result in catastrophic backtracking and uncontrolled resource consumption, leading to denial of service. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.9.0.
CWE:   CWE-1333: Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
CVSS Source:   security-advisories@github.com
CVSS Base score:   7.5
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-3635
DESCRIPTION:   Summary When trustProxy is configured with a restrictive trust function (e.g., a specific IP like trustProxy: '10.0.0.1', a subnet, a hop count, or a custom function), the request.protocol and request.host getters read X-Forwarded-Proto and X-Forwarded-Host headers from any connection — including connections from untrusted IPs. This allows an attacker connecting directly to Fastify (bypassing the proxy) to spoof both the protocol and host seen by the application. Affected Versions fastify = 5.8.2 Impact Applications using request.protocol or request.host for security decisions (HTTPS enforcement, secure cookie flags, CSRF origin checks, URL construction, host-based routing) are affected when trustProxy is configured with a restrictive trust function. When trustProxy: true (trust everything), both host and protocol trust all forwarded headers — this is expected behavior. The vulnerability only manifests with restrictive trust configurations.
CWE:   CWE-348: Use of Less Trusted Source
CVSS Source:   openjs
CVSS Base score:   6.1
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-39324
DESCRIPTION:   Rack::Session is a session management implementation for Rack. From 2.0.0 to before 2.1.2, Rack::Session::Cookie incorrectly handles decryption failures when configured with secrets:. If cookie decryption fails, the implementation falls back to a default decoder instead of rejecting the cookie. This allows an unauthenticated attacker to supply a crafted session cookie that is accepted as valid session data without knowledge of any configured secret. Because this mechanism is used to load session state, an attacker can manipulate session contents and potentially gain unauthorized access. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.1.2.
CWE:   CWE-287: Improper Authentication
CVSS Source:   NVD
CVSS Base score:   9.8
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-39865
DESCRIPTION:   Axios is a promise based HTTP client for the browser and Node.js. Starting in version 1.13.0 and prior to 1.13.2, Axios HTTP/2 session cleanup logic contains a state corruption bug that allows a malicious server to crash the client process through concurrent session closures. The vulnerability exists in the Http2Sessions.getSession() method in lib/adapters/http.js. The session cleanup logic contains a control flow error when removing sessions from the sessions array. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.13.2.
CWE:   CWE-400: Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
CVSS Source:   security-advisories@github.com
CVSS Base score:   5.9
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-40175
DESCRIPTION:   Axios is a promise based HTTP client for the browser and Node.js. Prior to 1.15.0 and 0.3.1, the Axios library is vulnerable to a specific "Gadget" attack chain that allows Prototype Pollution in any third-party dependency to be escalated into Remote Code Execution (RCE) or Full Cloud Compromise (via AWS IMDSv2 bypass). This vulnerability is fixed in 1.15.0 and 0.3.1.
CWE:   CWE-113: Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences in HTTP Headers ('HTTP Request/Response Splitting')
CVSS Source:   NVD
CVSS Base score:   4.8
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-40895
DESCRIPTION:   follow-redirects is an open source, drop-in replacement for Node's `http` and `https` modules that automatically follows redirects. Prior to 1.16.0, when an HTTP request follows a cross-domain redirect (301/302/307/308), follow-redirects only strips authorization, proxy-authorization, and cookie headers (matched by regex at index.js). Any custom authentication header (e.g., X-API-Key, X-Auth-Token, Api-Key, Token) is forwarded verbatim to the redirect target. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.16.0.
CWE:   CWE-200: Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor
CVSS Source:   NVD
CVSS Base score:   7.5
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-41238
DESCRIPTION:   DOMPurify is a DOM-only cross-site scripting sanitizer for HTML, MathML, and SVG. Versions 3.0.1 through 3.3.3 are vulnerable to a prototype pollution-based XSS bypass. When an application uses `DOMPurify.sanitize()` with the default configuration (no `CUSTOM_ELEMENT_HANDLING` option), a prior prototype pollution gadget can inject permissive `tagNameCheck` and `attributeNameCheck` regex values into `Object.prototype`, causing DOMPurify to allow arbitrary custom elements with arbitrary attributes — including event handlers — through sanitization. Version 3.4.0 fixes the issue.
CWE:   CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
CVSS Source:   security-advisories@github.com
CVSS Base score:   6.9
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:L/A:N)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-41239
DESCRIPTION:   DOMPurify is a DOM-only cross-site scripting sanitizer for HTML, MathML, and SVG. Starting in version 1.0.10 and prior to version 3.4.0, `SAFE_FOR_TEMPLATES` strips `{{...}}` expressions from untrusted HTML. This works in string mode but not with `RETURN_DOM` or `RETURN_DOM_FRAGMENT`, allowing XSS via template-evaluating frameworks like Vue 2. Version 3.4.0 patches the issue.
CWE:   CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
CVSS Source:   security-advisories@github.com
CVSS Base score:   6.8
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-41240
DESCRIPTION:   DOMPurify is a DOM-only cross-site scripting sanitizer for HTML, MathML, and SVG. Versions prior to 3.4.0 have an inconsistency between FORBID_TAGS and FORBID_ATTR handling when function-based ADD_TAGS is used. Commit c361baa added an early exit for FORBID_ATTR at line 1214. The same fix was not applied to FORBID_TAGS. At line 1118-1123, when EXTRA_ELEMENT_HANDLING.tagCheck returns true, the short-circuit evaluation skips the FORBID_TAGS check entirely. This allows forbidden elements to survive sanitization with their attributes intact. Version 3.4.0 patches the issue.
CWE:   CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
CVSS Source:   NVD
CVSS Base score:   6.1
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-41650
DESCRIPTION:   fast-xml-parser allows users to process XML from JS object without C/C++ based libraries or callbacks. Prior to version 5.7.0, XMLBuilder does not escape the "--" sequence in comment content or the "]]" sequence in CDATA sections when building XML from JavaScript objects. This allows XML injection when user-controlled data flows into comments or CDATA elements, leading to XSS, SOAP injection, or data manipulation. This issue has been patched in version 5.7.0.
CWE:   CWE-91: XML Injection (aka Blind XPath Injection)
CVSS Source:   security-advisories@github.com
CVSS Base score:   6.1
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-4926
DESCRIPTION:   Impact: A bad regular expression is generated any time you have multiple sequential optional groups (curly brace syntax), such as `{a}{b}{c}:z`. The generated regex grows exponentially with the number of groups, causing denial of service. Patches: Fixed in version 8.4.0. Workarounds: Limit the number of sequential optional groups in route patterns. Avoid passing user-controlled input as route patterns.
CWE:   CWE-400: Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
CVSS Source:   openjs
CVSS Base score:   7.5
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-6410
DESCRIPTION:   @fastify/static versions 8.0.0 through 9.1.0 allow path traversal when directory listing is enabled via the list option. The dirList.path() function resolves directories outside the configured static root using path.join() without a containment check. A remote unauthenticated attacker can obtain directory listings for arbitrary directories accessible to the Node.js process, disclosing directory and file names. File contents are not disclosed. Upgrade to @fastify/static 9.1.1 to fix this issue. As a workaround, disable directory listing by removing the list option from the plugin configuration.
CWE:   CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
CVSS Source:   openjs
CVSS Base score:   5.3
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N)

CVEID:   CVE-2026-6414
DESCRIPTION:   @fastify/static versions 8.0.0 through 9.1.0 decode percent-encoded path separators (%2F) before filesystem resolution, while Fastify's router treats them as literal characters. This mismatch allows attackers to bypass route-based middleware or guards that protect files served by @fastify/static. For example, a route guard on a protected path can be circumvented by encoding the path separator in the URL. Upgrade to @fastify/static 9.1.1 to fix this issue. There are no workarounds.
CWE:   CWE-177: Improper Handling of URL Encoding (Hex Encoding)
CVSS Source:   openjs
CVSS Base score:   5.9
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N)