Security Bulletin: IBM Watson Speech Services Cartridge is vulnerable to various issues in postgresql

Vulnerability Details

CVEID:   CVE-2023-39417
DESCRIPTION:   IN THE EXTENSION SCRIPT, a SQL Injection vulnerability was found in PostgreSQL if it uses @extowner@, @extschema@, or @extschema:...@ inside a quoting construct (dollar quoting, '', or ""). If an administrator has installed files of a vulnerable, trusted, non-bundled extension, an attacker with database-level CREATE privilege can execute arbitrary code as the bootstrap superuser.
CWE:   CWE-89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')
CVSS Source:   CVE.org
CVSS Base score:   7.5
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H)

CVEID:   CVE-2023-39418
DESCRIPTION:   A vulnerability was found in PostgreSQL with the use of the MERGE command, which fails to test new rows against row security policies defined for UPDATE and SELECT. If UPDATE and SELECT policies forbid some rows that INSERT policies do not forbid, a user could store such rows.
CWE:   CWE-1220: Insufficient Granularity of Access Control
CVSS Source:   IBM X-Force
CVSS Base score:   3.1
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N)

CVEID:   CVE-2023-5868
DESCRIPTION:   A memory disclosure vulnerability was found in PostgreSQL that allows remote users to access sensitive information by exploiting certain aggregate function calls with 'unknown'-type arguments. Handling 'unknown'-type values from string literals without type designation can disclose bytes, potentially revealing notable and confidential information. This issue exists due to excessive data output in aggregate function calls, enabling remote users to read some portion of system memory.
CWE:   CWE-686: Function Call With Incorrect Argument Type
CVSS Source:   IBM X-Force
CVSS Base score:   4.3
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N)

CVEID:   CVE-2023-5869
DESCRIPTION:   A flaw was found in PostgreSQL that allows authenticated database users to execute arbitrary code through missing overflow checks during SQL array value modification. This issue exists due to an integer overflow during array modification where a remote user can trigger the overflow by providing specially crafted data. This enables the execution of arbitrary code on the target system, allowing users to write arbitrary bytes to memory and extensively read the server's memory.
CWE:   CWE-190: Integer Overflow or Wraparound
CVSS Source:   redhat
CVSS Base score:   8.8
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H)

CVEID:   CVE-2023-5870
DESCRIPTION:   A flaw was found in PostgreSQL involving the pg_cancel_backend role that signals background workers, including the logical replication launcher, autovacuum workers, and the autovacuum launcher. Successful exploitation requires a non-core extension with a less-resilient background worker and would affect that specific background worker only. This issue may allow a remote high privileged user to launch a denial of service (DoS) attack.
CWE:   CWE-400: Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
CVSS Source:   IBM X-Force
CVSS Base score:   2.2
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L)

CVEID:   CVE-2024-0985
DESCRIPTION:   Late privilege drop in REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW CONCURRENTLY in PostgreSQL allows an object creator to execute arbitrary SQL functions as the command issuer. The command intends to run SQL functions as the owner of the materialized view, enabling safe refresh of untrusted materialized views. The victim is a superuser or member of one of the attacker's roles. The attack requires luring the victim into running REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW CONCURRENTLY on the attacker's materialized view. Versions before PostgreSQL 16.2, 15.6, 14.11, 13.14, and 12.18 are affected.
CWE:   CWE-271: Privilege Dropping / Lowering Errors
CVSS Source:   IBM X-Force
CVSS Base score:   8
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H)

CVEID:   CVE-2024-10979
DESCRIPTION:   Incorrect control of environment variables in PostgreSQL PL/Perl allows an unprivileged database user to change sensitive process environment variables (e.g. PATH). That often suffices to enable arbitrary code execution, even if the attacker lacks a database server operating system user. Versions before PostgreSQL 17.1, 16.5, 15.9, 14.14, 13.17, and 12.21 are affected.
CWE:   CWE-15: External Control of System or Configuration Setting
CVSS Source:   NVD
CVSS Base score:   8.8
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H)

CVEID:   CVE-2024-4317
DESCRIPTION:   Missing authorization in PostgreSQL built-in views pg_stats_ext and pg_stats_ext_exprs allows an unprivileged database user to read most common values and other statistics from CREATE STATISTICS commands of other users. The most common values may reveal column values the eavesdropper could not otherwise read or results of functions they cannot execute. Installing an unaffected version only fixes fresh PostgreSQL installations, namely those that are created with the initdb utility after installing that version. Current PostgreSQL installations will remain vulnerable until they follow the instructions in the release notes. Within major versions 14-16, minor versions before PostgreSQL 16.3, 15.7, and 14.12 are affected. Versions before PostgreSQL 14 are unaffected.
CWE:   CWE-862: Missing Authorization
CVSS Source:   NVD
CVSS Base score:   4.3
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N)

CVEID:   CVE-2024-7348
DESCRIPTION:   Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition in pg_dump in PostgreSQL allows an object creator to execute arbitrary SQL functions as the user running pg_dump, which is often a superuser. The attack involves replacing another relation type with a view or foreign table. The attack requires waiting for pg_dump to start, but winning the race condition is trivial if the attacker retains an open transaction. Versions before PostgreSQL 16.4, 15.8, 14.13, 13.16, and 12.20 are affected.
CWE:   CWE-367: Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
CVSS Source:   IBM X-Force
CVSS Base score:   8.8
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H)

CVEID:   CVE-2025-1094
DESCRIPTION:   Improper neutralization of quoting syntax in PostgreSQL libpq functions PQescapeLiteral(), PQescapeIdentifier(), PQescapeString(), and PQescapeStringConn() allows a database input provider to achieve SQL injection in certain usage patterns. Specifically, SQL injection requires the application to use the function result to construct input to psql, the PostgreSQL interactive terminal. Similarly, improper neutralization of quoting syntax in PostgreSQL command line utility programs allows a source of command line arguments to achieve SQL injection when client_encoding is BIG5 and server_encoding is one of EUC_TW or MULE_INTERNAL. Versions before PostgreSQL 17.3, 16.7, 15.11, 14.16, and 13.19 are affected.
CWE:   CWE-149: Improper Neutralization of Quoting Syntax
CVSS Source:   NVD
CVSS Base score:   8.1
CVSS Vector:   (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H)