Scalar functions
A scalar function takes input argument(s) and returns a single value result. A scalar function can be used wherever an expression can be used.
The restrictions on the use of aggregate functions do not apply to scalar functions, because a scalar function is applied to single parameter values rather than to sets of values. The argument of a scalar function can be a function. However, the restrictions that apply to the use of expressions and aggregate functions also apply when an expression or aggregate function is used within a scalar function. For example, the argument of a scalar function can be an aggregate function only if an aggregate function is allowed in the context in which the scalar function is used.
Example
The result of the following SELECT statement has as many rows as there are employees in department D01:
SELECT EMPNO, LASTNAME, YEAR(CURRENT DATE - BIRTHDATE)
FROM EMPLOYEE
WHERE WORKDEPT = 'D01'
- ABS
The ABS function returns the absolute value of a number. - ACOS
The ACOS function returns the arc cosine of the argument as an angle expressed in radians. The ACOS and COS functions are inverse operations. - ADD_MONTHS
The ADD_MONTHS function returns a date or timestamp that represents expression plus numeric-expression months. - ANTILOG
The ANTILOG function returns the anti-logarithm (base 10) of a number. The ANTILOG and LOG functions are inverse operations. - ASCII
The ASCII function returns the ASCII code value of the leftmost character of the argument as an integer. - ASIN
The ASIN function returns the arc sine of the argument as an angle expressed in radians. The ASIN and SIN functions are inverse operations. - ATAN
The ATAN function returns the arc tangent of the argument as an angle expressed in radians. The ATAN and TAN functions are inverse operations. - ATANH
The ATANH function returns the hyperbolic arc tangent of a number, in radians. The ATANH and TANH functions are inverse operations. - ATAN2
The ATAN2 function returns the arc tangent of x and y coordinates as an angle expressed in radians. The first and second arguments specify the x and y coordinates, respectively. - BIGINT
The BIGINT function returns a big integer representation. - BINARY
The BINARY function returns a BINARY representation of a string of any type. - BITAND, BITANDNOT, BITOR, BITXOR, and BITNOT
These bitwise functions operate on the "two's complement" representation of the integer value of the input arguments and return the result as a corresponding base 10 integer value in a data type based on the data type of the input arguments. - BIT_LENGTH
The BIT_LENGTH function returns the length of a string expression in bits. - BLOB
The BLOB function returns a BLOB representation of a string of any type. - CARDINALITY
The CARDINALITY function returns a value representing the number of elements of an array. - CEILING
The CEIL or CEILING function returns the smallest integer value that is greater than or equal to expression. - CHAR
The CHAR function returns a fixed-length character-string representation. - CHARACTER_LENGTH
The CHARACTER_LENGTH or CHAR_LENGTH function returns the length of a string expression. - CHR
The CHR function returns the character that has the ASCII code value specified by the argument. If expression is 0, the result is the blank character (X'20'). - CLOB
The CLOB function returns a character-string representation. - COALESCE
The COALESCE function returns the value of the first non-null expression. - COMPARE_DECFLOAT
The COMPARE_DECFLOAT function returns an ordering for DECFLOAT values. - CONCAT
The CONCAT function combines two arguments. - CONTAINS
The CONTAINS function searches a text search index using criteria that are specified in a search argument and returns a result about whether or not a match was found. - COS
The COS function returns the cosine of the argument, where the argument is an angle expressed in radians. The COS and ACOS functions are inverse operations. - COSH
The COSH function returns the hyperbolic cosine of the argument, where the argument is an angle expressed in radians. - COT
The COT function returns the cotangent of the argument, where the argument is an angle expressed in radians. - CURDATE
The CURDATE function returns a date based on a reading of the time-of-day clock when the SQL statement is executed at the current server. The value returned by the CURDATE function is the same as the value returned by the CURRENT DATE special register. - CURTIME
The CURTIME function returns a time based on a reading of the time-of-day clock when the SQL statement is executed at the current server. The value returned by the CURTIME function is the same as the value returned by the CURRENT TIME special register. - DATABASE
The DATABASE function returns the current server. - DATAPARTITIONNAME
The DATAPARTITIONNAME function returns the partition name of where a row is located. If the argument identifies a non-partitioned table, an empty string is returned. - DATAPARTITIONNUM
The DATAPARTITIONNUM function returns the data partition number of a row. If the argument identifies a non-partitioned table, the value 0 is returned. - DATE
The DATE function returns a date from a value. - DAY
The DAY function returns the day part of a value. - DAYNAME
Returns a mixed case character string containing the name of the day (for example, Friday) for the day portion of the argument. - DAYOFMONTH
The DAYOFMONTH function returns an integer between 1 and 31 that represents the day of the month. - DAYOFWEEK
The DAYOFWEEK function returns an integer between 1 and 7 that represents the day of the week, where 1 is Sunday and 7 is Saturday. - DAYOFWEEK_ISO
The DAYOFWEEK_ISO function returns an integer between 1 and 7 that represents the day of the week, where 1 is Monday and 7 is Sunday. - DAYOFYEAR
The DAYOFYEAR function returns an integer between 1 and 366 that represents the day of the year where 1 is January 1. - DAYS
The DAYS function returns an integer representation of a date. - DBCLOB
The DBCLOB function returns a graphic-string representation. - DBPARTITIONNAME
The DBPARTITIONNAME function returns the relational database name (database partition name) of where a row is located. If the argument identifies a non-distributed table, the current server is returned. - DBPARTITIONNUM
The DBPARTITIONNUM function returns the node number (database partition number) of a row. - DECFLOAT
The DECFLOAT function returns a decimal floating-point representation of a number or a string representation of a number. - DECFLOAT_SORTKEY
The DECFLOAT_SORTKEY function returns a binary value that may be used to sort DECFLOAT values. - DECIMAL or DEC
The DECIMAL function returns a decimal representation. - DECRYPT_BIT, DECRYPT_BINARY, DECRYPT_CHAR and DECRYPT_DB
The DECRYPT_BIT, DECRYPT_BINARY, DECRYPT_CHAR, and DECRYPT_DB functions return a value that is the result of decrypting encrypted data. The password used for decryption is either the password-string value or the ENCRYPTION PASSWORD value assigned by the SET ENCRYPTION PASSWORD statement. - DEGREES
The DEGREES function returns the number of degrees of the argument which is an angle expressed in radians. - DIFFERENCE
The DIFFERENCE function returns a value from 0 to 4 representing the difference between the sounds of two strings based on applying the SOUNDEX function to the strings. A value of 4 is the best possible sound match. - DIGITS
The DIGITS function returns a character-string representation of the absolute value of a number. - DLCOMMENT
The DLCOMMENT function returns the comment value, if it exists, from a DataLink value. - DLLINKTYPE
The DLLINKTYPE function returns the link type value from a DataLink value. - DLURLCOMPLETE
The DLURLCOMPLETE function returns the complete URL value from a DataLink value with a link type of URL. The value is the same as what would be returned by the concatenation of DLURLSCHEME with '://', then DLURLSERVER, and then DLURLPATH. If the DataLink has an attribute of FILE LINK CONTROL and READ PERMISSION DB, the value includes a file access token. - DLURLPATH
The DLURLPATH function returns the path and file name necessary to access a file within a given server from a DataLink value with a linktype of URL. When appropriate, the value includes a file access token. - DLURLPATHONLY
The DLURLPATHONLY function returns the path and file name necessary to access a file within a given server from a DataLink value with a linktype of URL. The value returned NEVER includes a file access token. - DLURLSCHEME
The DLURLSCHEME function returns the scheme from a DataLink value with a linktype of URL. The value will always be in upper case. - DLURLSERVER
The DLURLSERVER function returns the file server from a DataLink value with a linktype of URL. The value will always be in upper case. - DLVALUE
The DLVALUE function returns a DataLink value. When the function is on the right hand side of a SET clause in an UPDATE statement or is in a VALUES clause in an INSERT statement, it usually also creates a link to a file. However, if only a comment is specified (in which case the data-location is a zero-length string), the DataLink value is created with empty linkage attributes so there is no file link. - DOUBLE_PRECISION or DOUBLE
The DOUBLE_PRECISION and DOUBLE functions return a floating-point representation. - ENCRYPT_AES
The ENCRYPT_AES function returns a value that is the result of encrypting data-string using the AES encryption algorithm. The password used for decryption is either the password-string value or the encryption password value (assigned by the SET ENCRYPTION PASSWORD statement). - ENCRYPT_RC2
The ENCRYPT_RC2 function returns a value that is the result of encrypting data-string using the RC2 encryption algorithm. The password used for decryption is either the password-string value or the encryption password value (assigned by the SET ENCRYPTION PASSWORD statement). - ENCRYPT_TDES
The ENCRYPT_TDES function returns a value that is the result of encrypting data-string using the Triple DES encryption algorithm. The password used for decryption is either the password-string value or the encryption password value (assigned by the SET ENCRYPTION PASSWORD statement). - EXP
The EXP function returns a value that is the base of the natural logarithm (e) raised to a power specified by the argument. The EXP and LN functions are inverse operations. - EXTRACT
The EXTRACT function returns a specified portion of a datetime value. - FLOAT
The FLOAT function returns a floating point representation of a number or string. - FLOOR
The FLOOR function returns the largest integer value less than or equal to expression. - GENERATE_UNIQUE
The GENERATE_UNIQUE function returns a bit data character string 13 bytes long (CHAR(13) FOR BIT DATA) that is unique compared to any other execution of the same function. The function is defined as non-deterministic - GET_BLOB_FROM_FILE
The GET_BLOB_FROM_FILE function returns the data from a source stream file or a source physical file. - GET_CLOB_FROM_FILE
The GET_CLOB_FROM_FILE function returns the data from a source stream file or a source physical file. - GET_DBCLOB_FROM_FILE
The GET_DBCLOB_FROM_FILE function returns the data from a source stream file or a source physical file. - GET_XML_FILE
The GET_XML_FILE function returns the data from a source stream file or a source physical file. - GETHINT
The GETHINT function will return the password hint if one is found in the encrypted-data. A password hint is a phrase that will help data owners remember passwords (For example, 'Ocean' as a hint to remember 'Pacific'). - GRAPHIC
The GRAPHIC function returns a fixed-length graphic-string representation of a string expression. - HASH
The HASH function returns the partition number of a set of values. - HASHED_VALUE
The HASHED_VALUE function returns the partition map index number of a row obtained by applying the hashing function on the partitioning key value of the row. - HEX
The HEX function returns a hexadecimal representation of a value. - HOUR
The HOUR function returns the hour part of a value. - IDENTITY_VAL_LOCAL
IDENTITY_VAL_LOCAL is a non-deterministic function that returns the most recently assigned value for an identity column. - IFNULL
The IFNULL function returns the value of the first non-null expression. - INSERT
Returns a string where length characters have been deleted from source-string beginning at start and where insert-string has been inserted into source-string beginning at start. - INTEGER or INT
The INTEGER function returns an integer representation. - JULIAN_DAY
The JULIAN_DAY function returns an integer value representing a number of days from January 1, 4713 B.C. (the start of the Julian date calendar) to the date specified in the argument. - LAND
The LAND function returns a string that is the logical 'AND' of the argument strings. This function takes the first argument string, does an AND operation with the next string, and then continues to do AND operations with each successive argument using the previous result. If a character-string argument is shorter than the previous result, it is padded with blanks. If a binary-string argument is shorter than the previous result, it is padded with hexadecimal zeros. - LAST_DAY
The LAST_DAY function returns a date or timestamp that represents the last day of the month indicated by expression. - LCASE
The LCASE function returns a string in which all the characters have been converted to lowercase characters, based on the CCSID of the argument. - LEFT
The LEFT function returns the leftmost integer characters of expression. - LENGTH
The LENGTH function returns the length of a value. - LN
The LN function returns the natural logarithm of a number. The LN and EXP functions are inverse operations. - LNOT
The LNOT function returns a string that is the logical NOT of the argument string. - LOCATE
The LOCATE function returns the starting position of the first occurrence of one string (called the search-string) within another string (called the source-string). If the search-string is not found and neither argument is null, the result is zero. If the search-string is found, the result is a number from 1 to the actual length of the source-string. If the optional start is specified, it indicates the character position in the source-string at which the search is to begin. - LOCATE_IN_STRING
The LOCATE_IN_STRING function returns the starting position of a string (called the search-string) within another string (called the source-string). If the search-string is not found and neither argument is null, the result is zero. If the search-string is found, the result is a number from 1 to the actual length of the source-string. If the optional start is specified, it indicates the character position in the source-string at which the search is to begin. - LOG10
The LOG10 function returns the common logarithm (base 10) of a number. The LOG10 and ANTILOG functions are inverse operations. - LOR
The LOR function returns a string that is the logical OR of the argument strings. This function takes the first argument string, does an OR operation with the next string, and then continues to do OR operations for each successive argument using the previous result. If a character-string argument is shorter than the previous result, it is padded with blanks. If a binary-string argument is shorter than the previous result, it is padded with hexadecimal zeros. - LOWER
The LOWER function returns a string in which all the characters have been converted to lowercase characters, based on the CCSID of the argument. Only SBCS, Unicode graphic characters are converted. The characters A-Z are converted to a-z, and characters with diacritical marks are converted to their lowercase equivalent, if any. - LPAD
The LPAD function returns a string composed of expression that is padded on the left. - LTRIM
The LTRIM function removes blanks or hexadecimal zeros from the beginning of an expression. - MAX
The MAX scalar function returns the maximum value in a set of values. - MAX_CARDINALITY
The MAX_CARDINALITY function returns a value representing the maximum number of elements an array can contain. This is the cardinality specified on the CREATE TYPE (Array) statement for the user-defined array type. - MICROSECOND
The MICROSECOND function returns the microsecond part of a value. - MIDNIGHT_SECONDS
The MIDNIGHT_SECONDS function returns an integer value that is greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 86 400 representing the number of seconds between midnight and the time value specified in the argument. - MIN
The MIN scalar function returns the minimum value in a set of values. - MINUTE
The MINUTE function returns the minute part of a value. - MOD
The MOD function divides the first argument by the second argument and returns the remainder. - MONTH
The MONTH function returns the month part of a value. - MONTHNAME
Returns a mixed case character string containing the name of the month (for example, January) for the month portion of the argument. - MONTHS_BETWEEN
The MONTHS_BETWEEN function returns an estimate of the number of months between expression1 and expression2. - MQREAD
The MQREAD function returns a message from a specified MQSeries® location (return value of VARCHAR) without removing the message from the queue. - MQREADCLOB
The MQREADCLOB function returns a message from a specified MQSeries location (return value of CLOB) without removing the message from the queue. - MQRECEIVE
The MQRECEIVE function returns a message from a specified MQSeries location (return value of VARCHAR) with removal of the message from the queue. - MQRECEIVECLOB
The MQRECEIVECLOB function returns a message from a specified MQSeries location (return value of CLOB) with removal of the message from the queue. - MQSEND
The MQSEND function sends a message to a specified MQSeries location. - MULTIPLY_ALT
The MULTIPLY_ALT scalar function returns the product of the two arguments as a decimal value. It is provided as an alternative to the multiplication operator, especially when the sum of the precisions of the arguments exceeds 63. - NEXT_DAY
The NEXT_DAY function returns a date or timestamp value that represents the first weekday, named by string-expression, that is later than the date expression. - NORMALIZE_DECFLOAT
The NORMALIZE_DECFLOAT function returns a DECFLOAT value equal to the input argument set to its simplest form. - NOW
The NOW function returns a timestamp based on a reading of the time-of-day clock when the SQL statement is executed at the current server. The value returned by the NOW function is the same as the value returned by the CURRENT_TIMESTAMP special register. If this function is used more than once within a single SQL statement, or used with the CURDATE or CURTIME scalar functions or the CURRENT_DATE, CURRENT_TIME, or CURRENT_TIMESTAMP special registers within a single statement, all values are based on a single clock reading. - NULLIF
The NULLIF function returns a null value if the arguments compare equal, otherwise it returns the value of the first argument. - OCTET_LENGTH
The OCTET_LENGTH function returns the length of a string expression in octets (bytes). - OVERLAY
Returns a string where length characters have been deleted from source-string beginning at start and where insert-string has been inserted into source-string beginning at start. - PI
Returns the value of π 3.141592653589793. There are no arguments. - POSITION
The POSITION function returns the starting position of the first occurrence of one string (called the search-string) within another string (called the source-string). If the search-string is not found and neither argument is null, the result is zero. If the search-string is found, the result is a number from 1 to the actual length of the source-string. - POSSTR
The POSSTR function returns the starting position of the first occurrence of one string (called the search-string) within another string (called the source-string). If the search-string is not found and neither argument is null, the result is zero. If the search-string is found, the result is a number from 1 to the actual length of the source-string. - POWER
The POWER® function returns the result of raising the first argument to the power of the second argument. - QUANTIZE
The QUANTIZE function returns a decimal floating-point value that is equal in value (except for any rounding) and sign to expression-1 and which has an exponent set equal to the exponent in expression-2. - QUARTER
The QUARTER function returns an integer between 1 and 4 that represents the quarter of the year in which the date resides. For example, any dates in January, February, or March will return the integer 1. - RADIANS
The RADIANS function returns the number of radians for an argument that is expressed in degrees. - RAISE_ERROR
The RAISE_ERROR function causes the statement that invokes the function to return an error with the specified SQLSTATE (along with SQLCODE -438) and diagnostic string. - RAND
The RAND function returns a floating point value greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1. - REAL
The REAL function returns a single-precision floating-point representation. - REGEXP_COUNT
The REGEXP_COUNT function returns a count of the number of times that a regular expression pattern is matched in a string. - REGEXP_INSTR
The REGEXP_INSTR returns the starting position or the position after the end of the matched substring, depending on the value of the return_option argument. - REGEXP_REPLACE
The REGEXP_REPLACE function returns a modified version of the source string where occurrences of the regular expression pattern found in the source string are replaced with the specified replacement string. - REGEXP_SUBSTR
The REGEXP_SUBSTR function returns one occurrence of a substring of a string that matches the regular expression pattern. - REPEAT
The REPEAT function returns a string composed of expression repeated integer times. - REPLACE
The REPLACE function replaces all occurrences of search-string in source-string with replace-string. If search-string is not found in source-string, source-string is returned unchanged. - RID
The RID function returns the relative record number of a row as a BIGINT. - RIGHT
The RIGHT function returns the rightmost integer characters of expression. - ROUND
The ROUND function returns expression–1 rounded to some number of places to the right or left of the decimal point. - ROUND_TIMESTAMP
The ROUND_TIMESTAMP function returns a timestamp that is the expression rounded to the unit specified by the format-string. If format-string is not specified, expression is rounded to the nearest day, as if 'DD' was specified for format-string. - ROWID
The ROWID function casts a character string to a row ID. - RPAD
The RPAD function returns a string composed of expression that is padded on the right. - RRN
The RRN function returns the relative record number of a row. - RTRIM
The RTRIM function removes blanks or hexadecimal zeroes from the end of a string expression. - SCORE
The SCORE function searches a text search index using criteria that are specified in a search argument and returns a relevance score that measures how well a document matches the query. - SECOND
The SECOND function returns the seconds part of a value. - SIGN
The SIGN function returns an indicator of the sign of expression. - SIN
The SIN function returns the sine of the argument, where the argument is an angle expressed in radians. The SIN and ASIN functions are inverse operations. - SINH
The SINH function returns the hyperbolic sine of the argument, where the argument is an angle expressed in radians. - SMALLINT
The SMALLINT function returns a small integer representation. - SOUNDEX
The SOUNDEX function returns a 4 character code representing the sound of the words in the argument. The result can be used to compare with the sound of other strings. - SPACE
The SPACE function returns a character string that consists of the number of SBCS blanks that the argument specifies. - SQRT
The SQRT function returns the square root of a number. - STRIP
The STRIP function removes blanks or another specified character from the end, the beginning, or both ends of a string expression. - SUBSTR
The SUBSTR function returns a substring of a string. - SUBSTRING
The SUBSTRING function returns a substring of a string. - TAN
The TAN function returns the tangent of the argument, where the argument is an angle expressed in radians. The TAN and ATAN functions are inverse operations. - TANH
The TANH function returns the hyperbolic tangent of the argument, where the argument is an angle expressed in radians. The TANH and ATANH functions are inverse operations. - TIME
The TIME function returns a time from a value. - TIMESTAMP
The TIMESTAMP function returns a timestamp from its argument or arguments. - TIMESTAMP_FORMAT
The TIMESTAMP_FORMAT function returns a timestamp that is based on the interpretation of the input string using the specified format. - TIMESTAMP_ISO
Returns a timestamp value based on a date, time, or timestamp argument. If the argument is a date, it inserts zero for the time and microseconds part of the timestamp. If the argument is a time, it inserts the value of CURRENT DATE for the date part of the timestamp and zero for the microseconds part of the timestamp. - TIMESTAMPDIFF
The TIMESTAMPDIFF function returns an estimated number of intervals of the type defined by the first argument, based on the difference between two timestamps. - TOTALORDER
The TOTALORDER function returns an ordering for DECFLOAT values. - TRANSLATE
The TRANSLATE function returns a value in which one or more characters in expression may have been converted into other characters. - TRIM
The TRIM function removes blanks or another specified character from the end, from the beginning, or from both of a string expression. - TRIM_ARRAY
The TRIM_ARRAY function returns a copy of the array argument from which the specified number of elements have been removed from the end of the array. - TRUNCATE or TRUNC
The TRUNCATE function returns expression–1 truncated to some number of places to the right or left of the decimal point. - TRUNC_TIMESTAMP
The TRUNC_TIMESTAMP function returns a timestamp that is the expression truncated to the unit specified by the format-string. If format-string is not specified, expression is truncated to the nearest day, as if 'DD' was specified for format-string. - UCASE
The UCASE function returns a string in which all the characters have been converted to uppercase characters, based on the CCSID of the argument. - UPPER
The UPPER function returns a string in which all the characters have been converted to uppercase characters, based on the CCSID of the argument. Only SBCS and Unicode graphic characters are converted. The characters a-z are converted to A-Z, and characters with diacritical marks are converted to their uppercase equivalent, if any. - VALUE
The VALUE function returns the value of the first non-null expression. - VARBINARY
The VARBINARY function returns a VARBINARY representation of a string of any type. - VARBINARY_FORMAT
The VARBINARY_FORMAT function returns a binary string representation of a character string that has been formatted using a format-string. - VARCHAR
The VARCHAR function returns a character-string representation. - VARCHAR_FORMAT
The VARCHAR_FORMAT function returns a character representation of the first argument in the format indicated by the optional format-string. - VARCHAR_FORMAT_BINARY
The VARCHAR_FORMAT_BINARY function returns a character string representation of a bit string that has been formatted using a format-string. - VARGRAPHIC
The VARGRAPHIC function returns a graphic-string representation. - WEEK
The WEEK function returns an integer between 1 and 54 that represents the week of the year. The week starts with Sunday, and January 1 is always in the first week. - WEEK_ISO
The WEEK_ISO function returns an integer between 1 and 53 that represents the week of the year. The week starts with Monday. Week 1 is the first week of the year to contain a Thursday, which is equivalent to the first week containing January 4. Thus, it is possible to have up to 3 days at the beginning of the year appear as the last week of the previous year or to have up to 3 days at the end of a year appear as the first week of the next year. - WRAP
The WRAP function transforms a readable DDL statement into an obfuscated DDL statement. - XMLATTRIBUTES
The XMLATTRIBUTES function constructs XML attributes from the arguments. - XMLCOMMENT
The XMLCOMMENT function returns an XML value with the input argument as the content. - XMLCONCAT
The XMLCONCAT function returns a sequence containing the concatenation of a variable number of XML input arguments. - XMLDOCUMENT
The XMLDOCUMENT function returns an XML value. - XMLELEMENT
The XMLELEMENT function returns an XML value that is an XML element. - XMLFOREST
The XMLFOREST function returns an XML value that is a sequence of XML elements. - XMLNAMESPACES
The XMLNAMESPACES declaration constructs namespace declarations from the arguments. This declaration can only be used as an argument for the XMLELEMENT and XMLFOREST functions. The result is one or more XML namespace declarations containing in-scope namespaces for each non-null input value. - XMLPARSE
The XMLPARSE function parses the arguments as an XML document and returns an XML value. - XMLPI
The XMLPI function returns an XML value with a single processing instruction. - XMLROW
The XMLROW function returns an XML value that is a well-formed XML document. - XMLSERIALIZE
The XMLSERIALIZE function returns a serialized XML value of the specified data type generated from the XML-expression argument. - XMLTEXT
The XMLTEXT function returns an XML value that contains the value of string-expression. - XMLVALIDATE
The XMLVALIDATE function returns a copy of the input XML value augmented with information obtained from XML schema validation, including default values and type annotations. - XOR
The XOR function returns a string that is the logical XOR of the argument strings. This function takes the first argument string, does an XOR operation with the next string, and then continues to do XOR operations for each successive argument using the previous result. If a character-string argument is shorter than the previous result, it is padded with blanks. If a binary-string argument is shorter than the previous result, it is padded with hexadecimal zeros. - XSLTRANSFORM
The XSLTRANSFORM transforms an XML document into a different data format. The data can be transformed into any form possible for the XSLT processor, including but not limited to XML, HTML, or plain text. - YEAR
The YEAR function returns the year part of a value. - ZONED
The ZONED function returns a zoned decimal representation.