Redirecting input and output

Character	Usage	Example
<	Redirects input to a specified file.	Redirecting input from a file.
>	Redirects output to a specified file.	Redirecting command output to a file.
>>	Redirects output to be appended to the end of the specified file.	Redirecting command output to a file.
2>	Redirects error output to a specified file.	Redirecting error output to a file.
<<text	Reads standard input until it encounters text.	This is used in what is called a “here-document.” Input is usually typed on the screen or in a shell script. For example, this script creates a file called hello.c, compiles it into hello, and then executes it: `echo "Creating program source..." if cat > hello.c <<End_Of_File main() { puts("Hello, world!"); } End_Of_File then echo "Compiling program..." if make hello then echo "Executing program..." exec ./hello else exit $? # make failed fi else exit $? # cat failed fi` When you run the shell script, it runs the cat > hello.c command using the input between the two End_of_File strings.