High availability is the ability of a server system to provide a service to a user with as little perceived downtime as possible. Though not guaranteed, different ranges of high availability exist, from "five nines" with 99.999% uptime, to 95% uptime.
If a system component fails for any reason, the high availability solution ensures that another component takes over for the failed component or that another server with the same component is available to handle the client request.
This documentation addresses only the hardware and software issues. Other issues that might impact high availability at a customer's system include: human error, process problems, and external issues.