• HLASM Language Reference
• Abstract for Language Reference
• Introduction
  • Language compatibility
  • Assembler language
    • Machine instructions
    • Assembler instructions
    • Macro instructions
  • Assembler program
    • Basic functions
    • Associated data
    • Controlling the assembly
    • Processing sequence
  • Relationship of assembler to operating system
  • Coding made easier
    • Symbolic representation of program elements
    • Variety in data representation
    • Controlling address assignment
    • Relocatability
    • Sectioning a program
    • Linkage between source modules
    • Program listings
    • Multiple source modules
  • Double-byte character set notation
• Coding and structure
  • Character set
    • Standard character set
    • Double-byte character set
    • Using EBCDIC characters and double-byte characters
    • Translation table
  • Assembler language coding conventions
    • Field boundaries
      • Statement field
      • Continuation-indicator field
      • Identification-sequence field
    • Continuation lines
      • Alternative statement format
      • Continuation of double-byte data
        • Source input considerations
        • Examples
        • Source listing considerations
    • Blank lines
    • Comment statement format
    • Instruction statement format
      • Statement coding rules
        • Statement example
        • Name entry
        • Operation entry
        • Operand entries
        • Remarks entries
  • Assembler language structure
    • Overview of assembler language structure
    • Machine instructions
    • Assembler instructions
    • Conditional assembly instructions
    • Macro instructions
    • Mnemonic tags
  • Terms, literals, and expressions
    • Terms
      • Terms in parentheses
      • Symbols
        • Symbol table
        • Ordinary symbols
        • Variable symbols
        • System variable symbol prefix
        • Sequence symbols
        • Symbol definition
        • Restrictions on symbols
        • Previously defined symbols
      • Self-defining terms
        • Using self-defining terms
        • Decimal self-defining term
        • Hexadecimal self-defining term
        • Binary self-defining term
        • Character self-defining term
        • Graphic self-defining term
      • Location counter
        • Maximum location counter value
        • Controlling the location counter value
        • Location counter reference
      • Symbol length attribute reference
      • Other attribute references
    • Literals
      • Literals, constants, and self-defining terms
      • General rules for using literals
        • Summary of literal rules
        • Contrast with immediate data
      • Literal pool
    • Expressions
      • Rules for coding expressions
      • Evaluation of expressions
      • Absolute and relocatable expressions
        • Absolute expression
        • Relocatability attribute
        • Paired relocatable terms
        • Relocatable expression
        • Complex relocatable expressions
• Program structures and addressing
  • Object program structures
  • Source program structures
    • Source module
      • Beginning of a source module
      • End of a source module
    • Sections, elements, and parts
    • Sections
      • First control section
        • What must appear before the first section
        • What can optionally appear before the first executable control section
        • Instructions that establish the first section
      • Unnamed section
    • Reference control sections
      • Dummy control sections
        • How to use a dummy control section
      • Common control sections
        • How to use a common control section
        • Communicating with modules in other languages
      • External dummy sections
        • Generating an external dummy section
        • Using external dummy sections
    • Classes (z/OS and CMS)
      • Class binding and loading attributes
      • Default class assignments
    • Parts (z/OS and CMS)
    • Location counter setting
      • Location counter and length limits
      • Use of multiple location counters
  • Addressing
    • Addressing within source modules: establishing addressability
      • How to establish addressability
    • Base register instructions
    • Qualified addressing
    • Dependent addressing
    • Relative addressing
    • Literal pools
    • Establishing residence and addressing mode
    • Symbolic linkages
      • Establishing symbolic linkage
      • Referring to external data
      • Branching to an external address
      • Establishing an external symbol alias
    • External symbol dictionary entries
    • Summary of source and object program structures
• Machine instruction statements
  • General instructions
  • Decimal instructions
  • Floating-point instructions
  • Control instructions
  • Input/output operations
  • Branching with extended mnemonic codes
    • Alternative mnemonics for some branch relative instructions
  • Statement formats
  • Symbolic operation codes
  • Operand entries
    • Registers
      • Register usage by machine instructions
      • Register usage by system
    • Addresses as machine instruction operands
      • Implicit address
      • Explicit address
      • Relative address
      • Relocatability of addresses
      • Machine or object code format
        • Index register
    • Lengths
    • Immediate data
  • Examples of coded machine instructions
    • RI format
    • RR format
    • RS format
    • RSI format
    • RX format
    • SI format
    • SS format
• Assembler instruction statements
  • 64 bit addressing mode
  • *PROCESS statement
  • ACONTROL instruction
  • ADATA instruction
  • AINSERT instruction
  • ALIAS instruction
  • AMODE instruction
  • CATTR instruction (z/OS and CMS)
  • CCW and CCW0 instructions
  • CCW1 instruction
  • CEJECT instruction
  • CNOP instruction
  • COM instruction
  • COPY instruction
  • CSECT instruction
  • CXD instruction
  • DC instruction
    • Rules for DC operands
    • General information about constants
      • Length attribute value of symbols naming constants
      • Alignment of constants
    • Padding and truncation of values
      • Padding
      • Truncation
    • Subfield 1: Duplication Factor
    • Subfield 2: Type
    • Subfield 3: Type Extension
    • Subfield 4: Program type
    • Subfield 5: Modifier
      • Length modifiers
        • Byte-length modifier
        • Bit-length modifier
        • For double-byte data in C-type constants
        • Storage requirement for constants
      • Scale modifier
        • Scale modifier for fixed-point constants
        • Scale modifier for hexadecimal floating-point constants
      • Exponent modifier
    • Subfield 6: Nominal Value
      • Binary constant—B
      • Character constant—C
        • ASCII data in character constants
        • Unicode UTF-16 data from character constants
        • Double-byte data in character constants
      • Graphic constant—G
        • Type attribute of G-type constant
      • Hexadecimal constant—X
      • Fixed-point constants—F and H
      • Decimal constants—P and Z
        • Packed decimal constants
        • Zoned decimal constants
      • Address constants
        • Complex relocatable expressions
        • Address constants—A and Y
        • PSECT reference—R
        • Address constant—S
        • Address constant—V
      • Offset and length constants
        • Offset constant—Q
        • Length constant—J
      • Hexadecimal floating-point constants—E, EH, D, DH, L, LH, LQ
        • Representation of hexadecimal floating point
      • Binary floating-point constants—EB, DB, LB
      • Decimal floating-point constants—ED, DD, LD
      • Syntax of binary, decimal, and hexadecimal floating-point constants
      • Floating-point special values
      • Literal constants
  • DROP instruction
    • Labeled USING
    • Dependent USING
  • DS instruction
    • Bytes skipped for alignment
    • How to use the DS instruction
      • To reserve storage
      • To force alignment
      • To name fields within an area
  • DSECT instruction
  • DXD instruction
  • EJECT instruction
  • END instruction
  • ENTRY instruction
  • EQU instruction
    • Using conditional assembly values
  • EXITCTL instruction
  • EXTRN instruction
  • ICTL instruction
  • ISEQ instruction
  • LOCTR instruction
  • LTORG instruction
    • Literal pool
    • Addressing considerations
    • Duplicate literals
  • MNOTE instruction
  • OPSYN instruction
    • Redefining conditional assembly instructions
  • ORG instruction
  • POP instruction
  • PRINT instruction
  • Process statement
  • PUNCH instruction
  • PUSH instruction
  • REPRO instruction
  • RMODE instruction
  • RSECT instruction
  • SPACE instruction
  • START instruction
  • TITLE instruction
    • Deck ID in object records
    • Printing the heading
    • Printing the TITLE statement
    • Sample program using the TITLE instruction
    • Page ejects
    • Valid characters
  • USING instruction
    • Base address
    • How to use the USING instruction
    • Base registers for absolute addresses
    • Ordinary USING instruction
      • Computing displacement
      • Using General Register Zero
      • Range of an ordinary USING instruction
      • Domain of an ordinary USING instruction
    • Labeled USING instruction
      • Range of a labeled USING instruction
      • Domain of a labeled USING instruction
    • Dependent USING instruction
      • Range of a dependent USING instruction
      • Domain of a dependent USING instruction
  • WXTRN instruction
  • XATTR instruction (z/OS and CMS)
    • Association of code and data areas (z/OS and CMS)
• Introduction to macro language
  • Using macros
  • Macro definition
    • Model statements
    • Processing statements
    • Comment statements
  • Macro instruction
  • Source and library macro definitions
    • Macro library
    • System macro instructions
  • Conditional assembly language
• How to specify macro definitions
  • Where to define a macro in a source module
  • Format of a macro definition
  • Macro definition header and trailer
    • MACRO statement
    • MEND statement
  • Macro instruction prototype
    • Alternative formats for the prototype statement
  • Body of a macro definition
  • Model statements
    • Variable symbols as points of substitution
    • Listing of generated fields
      • Listing of generated fields containing double-byte data
    • Rules for concatenation
      • Concatenation of fields containing double-byte data
    • Rules for model statement fields
      • Name field
      • Operation field
      • Operand field
        • Variable symbols
      • Remarks field
      • Using spaces
  • Symbolic parameters
    • Positional parameters
    • Keyword parameters
    • Combining positional and keyword parameters
    • Subscripted symbolic parameters
  • Processing statements
    • Conditional assembly instructions
    • Inner macro instructions
    • Other conditional assembly instructions
    • AEJECT instruction
    • AINSERT instruction
    • AREAD instruction
      • Assign character string value
      • Assign local time of day
    • ASPACE instruction
    • COPY instruction
    • MEXIT instruction
  • Comment statements
    • Ordinary comment statements
    • Internal macro comment statements
  • System variable symbols
    • Scope and variability of system variable symbols
    • &SYSADATA_DSN System Variable Symbol
    • &SYSADATA_MEMBER System Variable Symbol
    • &SYSADATA_VOLUME System Variable Symbol
    • &SYSASM System Variable Symbol
    • &SYSCLOCK System Variable Symbol
    • &SYSDATC System Variable Symbol
    • &SYSDATE System Variable Symbol
    • &SYSECT System Variable Symbol
    • &SYSIN_DSN System Variable Symbol
    • &SYSIN_MEMBER System Variable Symbol
    • &SYSIN_VOLUME System Variable Symbol
    • &SYSJOB System Variable Symbol
    • &SYSLIB_DSN System Variable Symbol
    • &SYSLIB_MEMBER System Variable Symbol
    • &SYSLIB_VOLUME System Variable Symbol
    • &SYSLIN_DSN System Variable Symbol
    • &SYSLIN_MEMBER System Variable Symbol
    • &SYSLIN_VOLUME System Variable Symbol
    • &SYSLIST System Variable Symbol
    • &SYSLOC System Variable Symbol
    • &SYSMAC System Variable Symbol
    • &SYSM_HSEV System Variable Symbol
    • &SYSM_SEV System Variable Symbol
    • &SYSNDX System Variable Symbol
    • &SYSNEST System Variable Symbol
    • &SYSOPT_DBCS System Variable Symbol
    • &SYSOPT_OPTABLE System Variable Symbol
    • &SYSOPT_RENT System Variable Symbol
    • &SYSOPT_XOBJECT System Variable Symbol
    • &SYSPARM System Variable Symbol
    • &SYSPRINT_DSN System Variable Symbol
    • &SYSPRINT_MEMBER System Variable Symbol
    • &SYSPRINT_VOLUME System Variable Symbol
    • &SYSPUNCH_DSN System Variable Symbol
    • &SYSPUNCH_MEMBER System Variable Symbol
    • &SYSPUNCH_VOLUME System Variable Symbol
    • &SYSSEQF System Variable Symbol
    • &SYSSTEP System Variable Symbol
    • &SYSSTMT System Variable Symbol
    • &SYSSTYP System Variable Symbol
    • &SYSTEM_ID System Variable Symbol
    • &SYSTERM_DSN System Variable Symbol
    • &SYSTERM_MEMBER System Variable Symbol
    • &SYSTERM_VOLUME System Variable Symbol
    • &SYSTIME System Variable Symbol
    • &SYSVER System Variable Symbol
• How to write macro instructions
  • Macro instruction format
    • Alternative formats for a macro instruction
    • Name entry
    • Operation entry
    • Operand entry
      • Positional operands
      • Keyword operands
      • Combining positional and keyword operands
  • Sublists in operands
    • Multilevel sublists
    • Passing sublists to inner macro instructions
  • Values in operands
    • Omitted operands
    • Unquoted operands
    • Special characters
      • Ampersands
      • Apostrophes
      • Shift-out (SO) and shift-in (SI)
      • Quoted strings and character strings
      • Attribute reference notation
      • Parentheses
      • Spaces
      • Commas
      • Equal signs
      • Periods
  • Nesting macro instruction definitions
  • Inner and outer macro instructions
  • Levels of macro call nesting
    • Recursion
    • General rules and restrictions
    • Passing values through nesting levels
    • System variable symbols in nested macros
• How to write conditional assembly instructions
  • Elements and functions
  • SET symbols
    • Subscripted SET symbols
    • Scope of SET symbols
    • Scope of symbolic parameters
    • SET symbol specifications
    • Subscripted SET symbol specification
    • Created SET symbols
  • Data attributes
    • Attributes of symbols and expressions
    • Type attribute (T')
    • Length attribute (L')
    • Scale attribute (S')
    • Integer attribute (I')
    • Count attribute (K')
    • Number attribute (N')
    • Defined attribute (D')
    • Operation code attribute (O')
  • Sequence symbols
  • Lookahead
    • Generating END statements
    • Lookahead restrictions
    • Sequence symbols
  • Open code
  • Conditional assembly instructions
  • Declaring SET symbols
    • GBLA, GBLB, and GBLC instructions
      • Subscripted global SET symbols
      • Alternative format for GBLx statements
    • LCLA, LCLB, and LCLC instructions
      • Subscripted local SET symbols
        • Subscripted local SET symbol
      • Alternative format for LCLx statements
  • Assigning values to SET symbols
    • Introducing Built-In Functions
    • SETA instruction
      • Subscripted SETA symbols
      • Arithmetic (SETA) expressions
        • Rules for coding arithmetic expressions
        • Evaluation of arithmetic expressions
        • SETC variables in arithmetic expressions
        • DBCS assembler option
      • Using SETA symbols
    • SETB instruction
      • Subscripted SETB symbols
      • Logical (SETB) expressions
        • Relational operators
        • Evaluation of logical expressions
        • Using SETB symbols
    • SETC instruction
      • Subscripted SETC symbols
      • Character (SETC) expressions
        • Substring notation
        • Evaluation of substrings
        • Character-valued built-in functions
        • Evaluation of character expressions
        • Concatenation of character string values
          • Concatenation of strings containing double-byte data
      • Using SETC symbols
        • Concatenating substring notations and character expressions
    • Extended SET statements
      • Alternative statement format
    • SETAF instruction
    • SETCF instruction
  • Branching
    • AIF instruction
      • Extended AIF instruction
      • Alternative format for AIF instruction
      • AIFB—synonym of the AIF instruction
    • AGO instruction
      • Computed AGO instruction
      • Alternative format for AGO instruction
      • AGOB - synonym of the AGO instruction
    • ACTR instruction
      • Branch counter operations
    • ANOP instruction
• MHELP instruction
  • MHELP options
  • MHELP operand mapping
  • Combining options
• Assembler instructions
• Summary of constants
• Macro and conditional assembly language summary
• Bibliography