Date and time services tables

This appendix contains information to help you use date and time callable services for Language Environment. Included are tables for picture term and national language era usage.

Table 1. Picture character terms used in picture strings for date and time services
Picture terms	Explanations	Valid values	Note
Y YY YYY ZYY YYYY	1-digit year 2-digit year 3-digit year 3-digit year within era 4-digit year	0-9 00-99 000-999 1-999 1582-9999	Y valid for output only. YY assumes range set by CEESCEN. YYY and ZYY valid only if used with <JJJJ>, <CCCC>, or <CCCCCCCC>.
`<JJJJ>`	Japanese era name in DBCS characters	Reiwa (X'0E49C3457A0F') Heisei (X'0E458D45BA0F') Showa (X'0E45B3457A0F') Taisho (X'0E455B45770F') Meiji (X'0E45A645840F')	Affects `YY` field: if `<JJJJ>` specified, `YY` means the year within Japanese era, for example, 1988 equals Showa 63. See example in Table 2.
`<CCCC>` `<CCCCCCCC>`	Era name in DBCS characters	(X'0E4D8256CE0F') (X'0E4C845ADD4D8256CE0F')	Affects `YY` field: if `<CCCC>` specified, `YY` means the year within the era. See example in Table 2.
`MM` `ZM`	2-digit month 1- or 2-digit month	01-12 1-12	For output, leading zero suppressed. For input, `ZM` treated as `MM`.
`RRRR` `RRRZ`	Roman numeral month	I␢␢␢-XII␢ (left-aligned)	For input, source string is folded to uppercase. For output, uppercase only. I=Jan, II=Feb, ..., XII=Dec.
MMM Mmm Mmmm…m MMMM…M MMMMMMMMMZ Mmmmmmmmmz	3-char month, uppercase 3-char month, mixed case 3-20 char mo., mixed case 3-20 char mo., uppercase trailing blanks suppressed trailing blanks suppressed	JAN-DEC Jan-Dec January-December JANUARY-DECEMBER JANUARY␢␢-DECEMBER␢ January␢␢-December␢	For input, source string that is always folded to uppercase. For output, `M` generates uppercase and `m` generates lowercase. Output is padded with blanks (␢) (unless `Z` specified) or truncated to match the number of M's, up to 20.
`DD` `ZD` `DDD`	2-digit day of month 1- or 2-digit day of mo. day of year (Julian day)	01-31 1-31 001-366	For output, leading zero is always suppressed. For input, `ZD` treated as `DD`.
`HH` `ZH`	2-digit hour 1- or 2-digit hour	00-23 0-23	For output, leading zero suppressed. For input, `ZH` treated as `HH`. If `AP` specified, valid values are 01-12.
`MI`	minute	00-59
`SS`	second	00-59
`9` `99` `999`	tenths of a second hundredths of a second thousandths of a second	0-9 00-99 000-999	No rounding.
`AP` `ap` `A.P.` `a.p.`	AM/PM indicator	AM or PM am or PM A.M. or P.M. a.m. or p.m.	`AP` affects `HH`/`ZH` field. For input, source string always folded to uppercase. For output, `AP` generates uppercase and `ap` generates lowercase.
W WWW Www WWW…W Www…w WWWWWWWWWZ Wwwwwwwwwz	1-char day-of-week 3-char day, uppercase 3-char day, mixed case 3-20 char day, uppercase 3-20 char day, mixed case trailing blanks suppressed trailing blanks suppressed	S, M, T, W, T, F, S SUN-SAT Sun-Sat SUNDAY-SATURDAY Sunday-Saturday SUNDAY␢␢␢-SATURDAY␢ Sunday␢␢␢-Saturday␢	For input, `W`s are ignored. For output, `W` generates uppercase and `w` generates lowercase. Output padded with blanks (unless `Z` specified) or truncated to match the number of `W`s, up to 20.
All others	Delimiters Constants	X'01'-X'FF' (X'00' reserved for Language Environment use)	For input, treated as delimiters between the month, day, year, hour, minute, second, and fraction of a second. For output, copied exactly as is to the target string. Constant designating year in Russia, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and the Russian Federation. Constant designating time in Sweden.
Note: If a `Z/z` could be interpreted as belonging to the preceding character string and to the following string, then it is always considered part of the following string, even if it would be legal with the preceding string but illegal with the following string. For clarity, always use a delimiter to define which string the `Z/z` belongs with. See Table 2 for an example.

Table 2. Examples of picture strings recognized by date and time services
Picture strings	Examples	Notes
YYMMDD YYYYMMDD YYYY-MM-DD <JJJJ> YY.MM.DD <CCCC> YY.MM.DD	880516 19880516 1988-05-16 `Showa` 63.05.16 `MinKow` 77.05.16	1988-5-16 would also be valid input. `Showa` is a Japanese Era name. `Showa` 63 equals 1988.
MMDDYY MM/DD/YY ZM/ZD/YY MM/DD/YYYY MM/DD/Y	050688 05 688 05/06/88 5/6/88 05/06/1988 05/06/8	Accepts imbedded blanks 1-digit year format (`Y`) valid for output only
DD.MM.YY DD-RRRR-YY DD MMM YY DD Mmmmmmmmmm YY ZD Mmmmmmmmmz YY Mmmmmmmmmz ZD, YYYY	09.06.88 09-VI -88 09 JUN 88 09 June 88 9 June 88 June 9, 1988	Z suppresses zeros/blanks
YY.DDD YYDDD YYYY/DDD	88.137 88137 1988/137	Julian date
YYMMDDHHMISS YYYYMMDDHHMISS YYYY-MM-DD HH:MI:SS.999 WWW, ZM/ZD/YY HH:MI AP Wwwwwwwwwz DD Mmm YYYY ZH:MI AP	880516204229 19880516204229 1988-05-16 20:42:29.046 MON, 5/16/88 08:42 PM Monday, 16 May 1988, 8:42 PM	Timestamp valid only for CEESECS and CEEDATM. If used with CEEDATE, time positions are left blank. If used with CEEDAYS, `HH`, `MI`, `SS`, and `999` fields are ignored.
Note: Lowercase characters must be used only for alphabetic picture terms.

Table 3. Japanese Eras used by date and time services when <JJJJ> is specified
First date of Japanese Era	Era name	Era name in IBM® Japanese DBCS code	Valid year values
1868-09-08	Meiji	X'0E45A645840F'	01-45
1912-07-30	Taisho	X'0E455B45770F'	01-15
1926-12-25	Showa	X'0E45B3457A0F'	01-64
1989-01-08	Heisei	X'0E458D45BA0F'	01-31
2019-05-01	Reiwa	X'0E49C3457A0F'	01-999 (01 = 2019)