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This glossary defines all new terms and abbreviations used in this manual. If you do not find the term you are looking for, refer to the index or to the IBM Dictionary of Computing, SC20-1699.
This glossary includes terms and definitions from:- The American National Standard Dictionary for Information Systems, ANSI X3.172-1990, copyright 1990 by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). Copies may be purchased from the American National Standards Institute, 1430 Broadway, New York, New York 10018. Definitions are identified by the symbol (A) after the definition.
- The Information Technology Vocabulary, developed by Subcommittee 1, Joint Technical Committee 1, of the International Organization for Standardization and the International Electrotechnical Commission (ISO/IEC JTC1/SC1). Definitions of published parts of this vocabulary are identified by the symbol (I) after the definition; definitions taken from draft international standards, committee drafts, and working papers being developed by ISO/IEC JTC1/SC1 are identified by the the symbol (T) after the definition, indicating that final agreement has not yet been reached among the participating National Bodies of SC1.
- The Military Specification MIL-STD-1840A: Automated Interchange of
Technical Information. Definitions are identified by the symbol (M)
after the definition.
A
access. (1) To obtain the possibility to use a computer resource. (T) (2) The manner in which files or data sets are referred to by the computer.
action bar. The area at the top of a panel containing keywords that give a user access to actions available on that panel. For example, when a user selects Help on the action bar, the Help pull-down is displayed. See also pull-down and window.
advanced function printer. A printer that supports IBM's advanced function printing family of software products. Examples include the IBM 3800 Printing Subsystem Model 3, IBM 3812, 3820, and 3827 Page Printers, and IBM 4250 Printer.
allocation. The process of requesting access to a data set.
alphanumeric display device. Synonym for character display device.
ASCII. American National Standard Code for Information Interchange. The standard code, using a coded character set consisting of 7-bit coded characters (8-bits including parity check), used for information interchange among data processing systems, data communication systems, and associated equipment. The ASCII set consists of control characters and graphic characters. (A)
attribute. A format characteristic of an MVS data set, such as track size.
author. The originator of an item such as a document, a data set, or an application.
authorize. To permit or give authority to a user to communicate with or make use of an object, resource, or function. IBM's RACF, or an equivalent security product, is used to provide this authorization checking.
B
book. (1) A publication or other written material; a document. (2) A soft-copy document, created by BookManager BUILD, that can be viewed and searched at a display device with BookManager READ.
BookManager. A family of IBM licensed programs that lets users create and display online books. See BookManager BUILD/MVS, BookManager BUILD/VM, BookManager READ/DOS, BookManager READ/MVS, BookManager READ/VM, and BookManager READ/2.
BookManager BUILD/MVS. An IBM licensed program that lets users create online books on an MVS host system from source files (called data sets) formatted using DCF.
BookManager BUILD/VM. An IBM licensed program that lets users create online books on a VM host system from source files formatted using DCF.
BookManager READ/DOS. An IBM licensed program that lets users display, search, organize, and annotate online books built on a VM or MVS host system using a programmable workstation running the DOS operating system.
BookManager READ/MVS. An IBM licensed program that lets users on an MVS host system display, search, organize, and annotate online books built with BookManager BUILD/MVS or BookManager BUILD/VM.
BookManager READ/VM. An IBM licensed program that lets users on a VM host system display, search, organize, and annotate online books built with BookManager BUILD/VM or BookManager BUILD/MVS.
BookManager READ/2. An IBM licensed program that lets users display, search, and annotate online books built on a VM or MVS host system using a programmable workstation running the OS/2 operating system.
BookMaster. An IBM licensed program consisting of a generalized markup language that is more extensive than the GML Starter Set. Its full name is IBM Host Publishing Systems BookMaster.
bookshelf. (1) A logical grouping of online books that allows users to organize their online books according to how they intend to use them. (2) A data set containing the definition of a bookshelf.
bookshelf list. A list of bookshelves with similar data set names or a list of all of the bookshelves that a user can access.
bookshelf search index. (1) A comprehensive index, created with the Index Utility, based on the information in all the books on a bookshelf. A bookshelf search index allows for a rapid search of all the books on a bookshelf. (2) A data set containing the search index for a bookshelf.
C
cartridge. A storage device that consists of magnetic tape, on supply and takeup reels, in a protective housing.
catalog. The collection of all data set indexes that are used by the control program to locate a volume containing a specific data set.
cataloged data set. A data set that is represented in an index, or hierarchy of indexes, in the system catalog; the indexes provide the means for locating the data set.
CECP. Country extended code page.
character. Any letter, number, ideogram, or other symbol used for the organization, control, or representation of data.
character display device. (1) A display device that gives a representation of data only in the form of characters. (I) (A) (2) Synonymous with alphanumeric display device. Contrast with graphics device.
character graphics. Graphics that are composed of characters in a monospaced font. Character graphics appear inline with the text of an online book. See graphic.
CHARGE. A ProcessMaster program for drawing simple diagrams using character graphics. Its full name is IBM Publishing Systems ProcessMaster character graphics editor.
CLIST. Command list used by TSO.
code page. An assignment of graphic characters and control function meanings to all code points; for example, assignment of characters and meanings to 256 code points for an 8-bit code, assignment of characters and meanings to 128 code points for a 7-bit code. See country extended code page. See also code point.
code point. A 1-byte code representing one of 256 potential characters. See also code page and country extended code page.
command. A request to execute a particular program or function. The user types a command on the command line and then presses the ENTER key.
command line. On a display screen, a line on which commands can be entered.
compress. To save storage space by eliminating gaps, empty fields, redundancy, or unnecessary data to shorten the length of records or data sets.
computer word. A word suitable for processing by a given computer, usually treated as a unit. (T)
constant. Data that have an unchanging, predefined value to be used in processing.
country extended code page. An 8-bit code page that has a 93-character set on its nationally standardized code points but is extended to the multilingual character set for the national languages of some countries. See code page. See also code point.
customize. To change system or document characteristics to meet user or site requirements. See also tailor.
cylinder. A term used to describe specific space on disk devices.
C/370 Compiler. The IBM Systems Application Architecture C language compiler for the IBM System/370. IBM C/370 is a general-purpose, high-function programming language.
D
DASD. Direct access storage device.
Data Facility Hierarchical Storage Manager (DFHSM). An IBM licensed program that is an integral part of the IBM Data Facility Storage Management Subsystem (DFSMS*) architecture. It manages low-activity and inactive data in a hierarchy of storage devices having different costs, capacities, and access attributes.
Data Facility Storage Management Subsystem (DFSMS). A combination of IBM storage products and licensed programs, as well as practices and procedures, that automates the storage management processes required to handle data placement, performance, availability, space utilization, and security.
data set. A unit of information that can be stored and retrieved. See partitioned data set and sequential data set.
data set name. A unique name that identifies each data set. It consists of one or more parts separated by periods, and has a maximum length of 44 characters, including the periods. See qualified name and qualifier.
DCF. Document Composition Facility.
default. A value used by the system when no other value is specified. This value can be set by the system beforehand and can be overridden by a user, or chosen by the system after the user has declined the opportunity to enter or select one.
DFHSM. Data Facility Hierarchical Storage Manager.
DFSMS. Data Facility Storage Management Subsystem.
direct access storage device (DASD). A device in which access time is effectively independent of the location of the data.
Disk Operating System (DOS). An IBM licensed program that interacts with the processor in the system unit and the fixed-disk or diskette drives of the workstation to control the flow of data.
display device. A device that presents information on a screen. See also screen.
distribution library. An IBM-supplied partitioned data set on tape containing one or more components that the user restores to disk for subsequent inclusion in a new system.
distribution tape. A magnetic tape that contains, for example, the BookManager BUILD/MVS program. This tape is shipped to the customer for program installation.
document. In word processing, a collection of information that pertains to a particular subject or related subjects.
Document Composition Facility (DCF). A text-processing program; its main component is the text formatter called SCRIPT/VS. The composed DCF output can be directed to a variety of output devices, including advanced function printers and PostScript printers. See also SCRIPT/VS.
document element. Any part of a document identified with a GML tag or an SGML tag, such as a paragraph.
DOS. Disk Operating System.
download. To send information from a computer to an attached workstation.
E
edit. (1) To alter or refine information, especially text and illustrations, for publication or display. (2) To use the ISPF/PDF editor to make changes to a topic's source file while looking at an online book.
editor. A person or program that edits.
enter. To submit all selected choices and entry-field information to the computer for processing; for example, to type information on a keyboard and press the ENTER key.
ENTER. A key on a keyboard that, when pressed, causes information to be submitted to a computer for processing.
exact matching, any case. A type of search request where text that matches the request must be the same as the word or phrase entered, except for case. Contrast with exact matching, including case and fuzzy matching.
exact matching, including case. A type of search request where text that matches the request must be the same as the word or phrase entered, including case. Contrast with exact matching, any case and fuzzy matching.
EXEC. A sequence of instructions and control statements in the REXX language.
exit. (1) To end the current BookManager READ session. (2) To close the currently displayed book, bookshelf, or bookshelf list.
F
filter. The function of specifying a collection of data sets with similar names. Filtering is done by using one or more wildcard characters either as a qualifier or characters in a qualifier of a data set name. See also qualifier and wildcard character.
fullword. Synonym for computer word. See computer word.
fully qualified name. The complete MVS data set name. A fully qualified name is usually enclosed in quotes. See qualified name.
function key. A key that can be used to represent a command or series of commands. Keyboards can have 12 or 24 function keys (sometimes called program function keys). Each is labelled with its number, such as F1.
function key area. The area on a panel or in a window in which the function key meanings are displayed, or, on a keyboard, the area reserved for placing the function keys.
fuzzy matching. A type of search request where text that matches the request can be different forms of the same root word. For example, a fuzzy search for the word computer would match the words computing and computers. Contrast with exact matching, any case and exact matching, including case.
G
GDDM. Graphical Data Display Manager.
generalized markup language (GML). A language that can be used to identify the parts of a source document without respect to a particular processing system.
Generalized Markup Language (GML) Starter Set. A generalized markup language application provided as part of DCF.
GML. Generalized markup language.
GML Starter Set. See Generalized Markup Language Starter Set.
graphic. Pertaining to pictorial material or the output of graphics software, in contrast to text. Character graphics appear with the text of an online book. Complex (vector) graphics are displayed by selecting the picture indicator or entering the PICTURE command. See character graphics and vector graphics. Contrast with image and text.
Graphical Data Display Manager (GDDM). An IBM licensed program that lets users display graphic, image, and text information on a display device.
graphics device. A display device that gives a representation of data in the form of graphic symbols. Contrast with character display device.
H
hard copy. Printed copies of books, manuals, or other information. Contrast with soft copy.
heading. Words indicating the beginning of a new topic or section.
high-level qualifier. The characters before the first period in a fully qualified data set name. The high-level qualifier can be from 1 to 8 characters.
highlighting. Highlighting is associated with document markup. Highlighting in online books is expressed using underscoring, blinking, and reverse video. Highlighting in print is expressed using italics, underscoring, uppercase, bold type, color, and type style.
host system. (1) The data processing system to which a network is connected and with which the system can communicate. (2) The controlling or highest level system in a data communication configuration; for example, a System/370 is the host system for the programmable workstations connected to it.
hypertext link. A way to link information within a book or between books for easy navigation. The link is a pointer from a location in an online book to another location in the same book or in another book on the same bookshelf. When selected, it lets a user move to the new location containing related information. BookManager associates terms with related information such as the glossary, a message or code, an index entry, or a language element reference. Cross-references indicated by markup are automatically linked to the referenced location. Authors also can provide links in online books to point the user to additional information.
I
image. In GDDM, a picture made up of points that are either black or white. Images are displayed by selecting the picture indicator or entering the PICTURE command. See raster. Contrast with graphic and text.
Index Utility. A utility of BookManager BUILD/MVS, BookManager BUILD/VM, BookManager READ/MVS, and BookManager READ/VM that creates a bookshelf and a search index of all the information in the books on a bookshelf.
initialization. Preparation of a system, device, or program for operation.
installation. In system development, preparing and placing a functional unit in position for use. (T)
Interactive System Productivity Facility (ISPF). An IBM licensed program that serves as a dialog manager for interactive applications in several host computer environments.
Interactive System Productivity Facility/Program Development Facility (ISPF/PDF). A dialog application that provides application development services. It is used to create and maintain interactive applications and other types of data, and includes library control facilities accessible from 3270 display terminals.
invoke. To start a command, procedure, or program.
ISPF. Interactive System Productivity Facility.
ISPF/PDF. See Interactive System Productivity Facility/Program Development Facility.
ISPF/PDF editor. The text editor provided as part of ISPF/PDF.
J
job. (1) A unit of work defined by a user that is to be accomplished by a computer. Loosely, the term job is sometimes used to refer to a representation of a job. This representation may include a set of computer programs, files, and control statements to the operating system. (I) (A) (2) A collection of related programs, identified by appropriate job control statements.
L
LAN. Local area network.
language element reference. The section of a document that describes the data elements of programming languages, such as statements, macros, or commands. This section begins with an :LERS tag. A user can link to a language element reference from a location in the same or another book.
linguistic dictionary. A tool used to compile a list of words, word roots, and variant forms of words. This list, which is stored in an online book, provides a user with the most meaningful and complete list of matches that meet a fuzzy match search request. A linguistic dictionary also lets a user find synonyms for selected search request words. For example, a search for the word formats would match the words format, formatting, formatted, and, if selected, its synonym layout. See synonym dictionary.
link. See hypertext link.
local area network (LAN). A network established in a limited area to permit sharing of common computer resources.
low-level qualifier. The last qualifier in a data set name, after the last period. For example, for the data set johnson.finance.script(finmst), the low-level qualifier is script. (The member name, finmst, is enclosed in parentheses.)
M
macro. An instruction in a source language that is to be replaced by a defined sequence of instructions in the same source language. In ISPF, a macro is a program that customizes the ISPF/PDF editor. In DCF, SCRIPT/VS replaces a macro in a source file with a macrodefinition containing control words, symbols, text, and GML markup.
mark up. To insert markup into a source document.
markup. Information added to a document to enable a person or system to process it. Markup information can describe the document's characteristics, or it can specify the actual processing to be performed; for example, in SCRIPT/VS, markup consists of GML tags, attribute labels and values, and control words.
match. A word or phrase that is identical or similar to a search word or phrase.
matching types. The different ways that a match for a search request is determined. See exact matching, any case; exact matching, including case; and fuzzy matching.
member. One of the files in a partitioned data set. See also partitioned data set.
message. Information presented to a user that is generated by a computer.
Multiple Virtual Storage. See MVS.
Multiple Virtual Storage/Enterprise Systems Architecture. See MVS/ESA.
Multiple Virtual Storage/Extended Architecture. See MVS/XA.
MVS. Multiple Virtual Storage, consisting of MVS/System Product and the MVS/370 Data Facility Product operating on a System/370 processor. MVS is an operating system for S/370 processors, and it supports multiple address spaces. See also MVS/ESA and
MVS/ESA. Multiple Virtual Storage/Enterprise Systems Architecture, which offers all the capabilities of MVS/XA and in addition enhanced data-handling capabilities, increased addressability, faster data access, enhanced services for application development, and improved reliability and serviceability.
MVS/XA. Multiple Virtual Storage/Extended Architecture, consisting of MVS/System Product Version 2 and the MVS/XA Data Facility Product. MVS/XA is an operating system for S/370 processors.
N
NLS. National language support.
O
online. Connected to, served by, or available through a system or computer.
online book. A soft-copy document, created by BookManager BUILD, that can be viewed and searched at a display device with BookManager READ. An online book usually has a low-level qualifier of BOOK.
operand. Information entered with a command name to define the data on which a command processor operates and to control the execution of the command processor.
operating system. An organized collection of programs that controls the overall operation of a computer.
Operating System/2 (OS/2). An advanced IBM operating system for the IBM Personal System/2, IBM Personal Computer XT Model 286, and IBM Personal Computer AT. OS/2 Standard Edition is intended for environments that do not have extensive communications or data base requirements. OS/2 Extended Edition provides intersystem communications, improved connectivity, terminal emulation, and access to shared network resources.
option. A specification in a statement that may be used to influence the execution of the statement.
OS/2. Operating System/2.
P
page. In a virtual storage system, a fixed-length block that has a virtual address and is transferred as a unit between real storage and auxiliary storage. (I) (A)
page number. In System/370 virtual storage systems, the part of a virtual storage address needed to refer to a page.
page segment (PSEG). A data-stream object containing images and possibly text; the object can be included when a document is formatted for viewing or printing. As an addressable point on a page or electronic overlay, it assumes the environment of an object in which it is included.
panel. An arrangement of information that fits on a screen and allows a user to interact with a program. If some of the information is not visible, a user can scroll through the information.
parameter. A variable used in conjunction with a command to affect its result.
partitioned data set (PDS). A data set in direct access storage that is divided into partitions, called members, each of which can contain a program, part of a program, text, or data. Synonymous with program library. See also member.
PDF. Program Development Facility.
PDS. Partitioned data set.
Personal Computer AT. An IBM personal computer system designed for professional applications and office environments.
Personal System/2 (PS/2). A family of IBM personal computer systems ranging from a low-price, general-purpose computer system offering approximately two times the processor performance of 8088-based IBM Personal Computers up to high-performance systems that support advanced multitasking and multi-user applications and network services.
phrase separator. A special character used in a search request to separate different words or phrases. For example, the search request conduct, behavior uses a comma as the separator to tell BookManager READ to search for either the word conduct or the word behavior.
private library. A user-owned library that is separate and distinct from the system library.
process. (1) In data processing, the course of events that occurs under the execution of all or part of a program. (T) (2) Any operation or combination of operations on data.
ProcessMaster. An IBM licensed program that provides a set of menus to help a user create, manage, and process document source files. Its full name is IBM Publishing Systems ProcessMaster.
profile. A set of characteristics that defines the way the system processes information.
Program Development Facility. See Interactive System Productivity Facility/Program Development Facility.
program library. (1) An organized collection of computer programs, or parts of computer programs, and possibly information pertaining to their use. A program library is often called according to the characteristic of its elements; for example, a procedure library, a source program library. (T) (2) Synonym for partitioned data set.
programmable workstation. A workstation that has some degree of processing capability and that allows a user to change its functions.
prompt. A symbol or action that requests a user entry or selection.
PSEG. (1) Page segment. (2) The IBM advanced function printer data format for raster images.
PS/2. Personal System/2.
pull-down. An extension of an action bar that appears when a user selects a choice on the action bar. A pull-down displays a list of choices. See also action bar and window.
Q
qualified name. The lower levels of a data set name. The actual data set name is prefixed by one or more qualifiers. Usually the qualifiers are the user's TSO PROFILE prefix or the user's TSO user ID. See also data set name and qualifier.
qualifier. The one to eight characters of a data set name between two periods, or at the front or end of a data set name. See also data set name and qualified name.
R
RACF. Resource Access Control Facility.
raster. The closely spaced, parallel lines produced on a display device. An image is formed by modulating the intensity of the individual pixels. A binary representation of the pixels can be used to digitally represent an image. (M) See image. Contrast with character graphics and vector graphics.
read-only. A type of access to data that allows it to be read but not modified.
read/write. A type of access that allows any member in the data set to be read or written.
Resource Access Control Facility (RACF). An IBM licensed program that provides for access control by identifying and verifying users to the system, authorizing access to protected resources, logging the detected unauthorized attempts to enter the system, and logging the detected accesses to protected data sets.
REXX. Restructured extended execution language.
S
screen. The physical surface of a display device upon which information is shown to a user.
SCRIPT. See SCRIPT/VS.
SCRIPT/VS. The formatting component of the Document Composition Facility. It provides capabilities for text formatting and document management, macro processing and symbol substitution, and GML tag recognition and processing. See also Document Composition Facility.
scroll. To move a display image vertically or horizontally to view data that is not otherwise visible in a display screen or in a window.
search index. See bookshelf search index.
search request. The words and phrases you want BookManager READ to find in a book or bookshelf. A single search request can include any combination of words and phrases as long as the complete request does not exceed 44 characters.
sequential data set. A data set in which records are organized on the basis of their successive physical positions.
severe message. Information provided by BookManager that describes a condition alerting a user to take an action so that BookManager can continue.
SMP/E. System Modification Program/Extended.
soft copy. One or more data sets that can be electronically distributed, manipulated, and printed by a user. Contrast with hard copy.
SSGML. See Generalized Markup Language Starter Set.
subsystem. A secondary or subordinate system, usually capable of operating independently of, or asynchronously with, a controlling system. (T)
symbol. A name in a SCRIPT source file that is replaced during processing with a number, a character string, a control word, or another symbol.
synonym. (1) A word that has essentially the same meaning as another word so that the words can be used interchangeably. For example, job is a synonym of work. (2) A shorter version of a command allowed by a program.
synonym dictionary. A compilation of root words for a given language that allows users to search for information in that language. One use of a linguistic dictionary is as a synonym dictionary. See linguistic dictionary and synonym dictionary language.
synonym dictionary language. The language of the synonym dictionary to be used in a search. BookManager READ displays the synonyms of the words in the indexed books on a bookshelf when a search is performed. See synonym dictionary.
syntax. The rules governing the structure of commands and their parameters.
system library. A collection of data sets or files in which the parts of an operating system are stored.
System Modification Program/Extended (SMP/E). An IBM licensed program that provides enhanced system enabling and change management capability, improved product usability, and improved product reliability, availability, and serviceability (RAS) in the MVS/370, MVS/XA, and VS1 system environments.
T
tag. In markup, a name for a document type or document element that is entered in the source document to identify it. For example, :P is the GML Starter Set tag for a paragraph.
tailor. A process that defines or modifies the characteristics of a system or a document. See also customize.
target library. The data sets that contain the executable code for a product.
terminal. A device, usually equipped with a keyboard and display, capable of sending and receiving information.
text. A graphic representation of information on an output medium. Text can consist of alphanumeric characters and symbols arranged in paragraphs, tables, columns, or other shapes. Contrast with graphic and image.
text editor. A program used to create, modify, and print or display text data sets.
time sharing option (TSO). An option on the operating system; for System/370, the option provides interactive time sharing from remote terminals.
Time Sharing Option Extensions (TSO/E). An IBM licensed program that runs under the MVS operating system, allowing users to interactively share computer time and resources and improving productivity and usability.
topic. A heading and its subsequent text up to the next heading or subheading; BookManager's basic unit of information.
TSO. Time sharing option.
TSO/E. Time Sharing Option Extensions.
U
user. A person who requires the services of a computing system.
user exit. A point in BookManager execution where a user routine, if it exists, will take control.
user ID. A shortened form of user identification.
user identification. A string of characters that uniquely identifies a user to a system.
V
vector graphics. (1) Computer graphics in which display images are generated from display commands and coordinate data. (I) (A) (2) A method of representing a computer graphic as a pattern of lines. See graphic. Contrast with character graphics and raster.
virtual machine. A functional simulation of a computer and its associated devices.
Virtual Machine/Extended Architecture System Product (VM/XA SP). An IBM licensed program that supports System/370 and 370-XA mode virtual machines. It offers, in the XA environment, an interactive environment capable of supporting large numbers of users.
Virtual Machine/System Product (VM/SP). An IBM licensed program that manages the resources of a single computer so that multiple computing systems appear to exist. Each virtual machine is the functional equivalent of a real machine.
virtual storage. The addressable space available to a virtual machine to execute programs and manipulate data.
VM/SP. Virtual Machine/System Product.
VM/XA SP. Virtual Machine/Extended Architecture System Product.
W
wildcard character. The character used to substitute for unknown or unspecified characters or words in a search word or phrase. An asterisk (*) is an example of a wildcard character.
window. A part of a display screen with visible boundaries in which information is displayed. A window can be smaller than or equal in size to the display screen. Windows can overlap and give the appearance of one window being on top of another. See also action bar and pull-down.
word. (1) A character string considered as a unit for a given purpose. (T) (2) A character string or a bit string considered as an entity. (A) (3) In System/370, 32 bits or 4 bytes.
workstation. One or more programmable or nonprogrammable devices that allow a user to do work on a computer. See also programmable workstation.
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