PMEANS Subcommand (MANOVA: Univariate command)

PMEANS (predicted means) displays a table of the predicted cell means of the dependent variable, adjusted for the effect of covariates in the cell and unadjusted for covariates. For comparison, PMEANS also displays the observed cell means.

  • Output from PMEANS can be computationally expensive.
  • PMEANS without any additional specifications displays a table showing, for each cell, the observed mean of the dependent variable, the predicted mean adjusted for the effect of covariates in that cell (ADJ. MEAN), the predicted mean unadjusted for covariates (EST. MEAN), and the raw and standardized residuals from the estimated means.
  • Cells are numbered in output from PMEANS so that the levels vary most rapidly on the factor that is named last in the MANOVA variables specification. A table showing the levels of each factor corresponding to each cell number is displayed at the beginning of the MANOVA output.
  • Predicted means are suppressed for any design in which the MUPLUS keyword appears.
  • Covariates are not predicted.
  • In designs with covariates and multiple error terms, use the ERROR subcommand to designate which error term’s regression coefficients are to be used in calculating the standardized residuals.

For univariate analysis, the following keywords are available on the PMEANS subcommand:

TABLES. Additional tables showing adjusted predicted means for specified factors or combinations of factors. Enter the names of factors or combinations of factors in parentheses after this keyword. For each factor or combination, MANOVA displays the predicted means (adjusted for covariates) collapsed over all other factors.

PLOT. A plot of the predicted means for each cell.

Example

MANOVA DEP BY A(1,4) B(1,3)
  /PMEANS TABLES(A, B, A BY B)
  /DESIGN = A, B.
  • PMEANS displays the default table of observed and predicted means for DEP and raw and standardized residuals in each of the 12 cells in the model.
  • The TABLES specification on PMEANS displays tables of predicted means for A (collapsing over B), for B (collapsing over A), and for all combinations of A and B.
  • Because A and B are the only factors in the model, the means for A by B in the TABLES specification come from every cell in the model. The means are identical to the adjusted predicted means in the default PMEANS table, which always includes all non-empty cells.
  • Predicted means for A by B can be requested in the TABLES specification, even though the A by B effect is not in the design.