Overview (MANOVA: Multivariate command)

This section discusses the subcommands that are used in multivariate analysis of variance and covariance designs with several interrelated dependent variables. The discussion focuses on subcommands and keywords that do not apply, or apply in different manners, to univariate analyses. It does not contain information on all of the subcommands you will need to specify the design. For subcommands not covered here, see MANOVA: Univariate.

Options

Dependent Variables and Covariates. You can specify subsets and reorder the dependent variables and covariates using the ANALYSIS subcommand. You can specify linear transformations of the dependent variables and covariates using the TRANSFORM subcommand. When transformations are performed, you can rename the variables using the RENAME subcommand and request the display of a transposed transformation matrix currently in effect using the PRINT subcommand.

Optional Output. You can request or suppress output on the PRINT and NOPRINT subcommands. Additional output appropriate to multivariate analysis includes error term matrices, Box’s M statistic, multivariate and univariate F tests, and other significance analyses. You can also request predicted cell means for specific dependent variables on the PMEANS subcommand, produce a canonical discriminant analysis for each effect in your model with the DISCRIM subcommand, specify a principal components analysis of each error sum-of-squares and cross-product matrix in a multivariate analysis on the PCOMPS subcommand, display multivariate confidence intervals using the CINTERVAL subcommand, and generate a half-normal plot of the within-cells correlations among the dependent variables with the PLOT subcommand.

Basic Specification

  • The basic specification is a variable list identifying the dependent variables, with the factors (if any) named after BY and the covariates (if any) named after WITH.
  • By default, MANOVA produces multivariate and univariate F tests.

Subcommand Order

  • The variable list must be specified first.
  • Subcommands applicable to a specific design must be specified before that DESIGN subcommand. Otherwise, subcommands can be used in any order.

Syntax Rules

  • All syntax rules applicable to univariate analysis also apply to multivariate analysis.
  • If you enter one of the multivariate specifications in a univariate analysis, MANOVA ignores it.

Limitations

  • Maximum of 20 factors.
  • Memory requirements depend primarily on the number of cells in the design. For the default full factorial model, the number of cells equals the product of the number of levels or categories in each factor.