eval Operators and Functions (GPL)
Following are the operators and functions that you can use with
the eval function. See eval Function (GPL) for information about the eval function.
| Operator | Meaning | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| + | Addition or string concatenation | Using + with numbers adds the numbers. Using it with strings concatenates the strings. |
| - | Subtraction | |
| * | Multiplication | |
| / | Division | |
| () | Grouping | Grouped expressions are calculated before other expressions. |
| ** | Exponentiation | |
| == | Equal | |
| != | Not equal | |
| < | Less than | |
| > | Greater than | |
| <= | Less than or equal to | |
| >= | Greater than or equal to | |
| && | Logical AND | |
| || | Logical OR | |
| ? : | Conditional | These operators are shorthand for then-else when evaluating a Boolean operand. For
example, x>15?”High”:”Low” returns “High” if x > 15. Otherwise, the
expression returns “Low”. |
| Function | Result | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| abs(n) | The absolute value of n | |
| acos(n) | The inverse cosine (arcosine) of n | |
| asin(n) | The inverse sine (arcsine) of n | |
| atan(n) | The inverse tangent (arctangent) of n | |
| atanh(n) | The hyperbolic inverse tangent (hyperbolic arctangent) of n | |
| ceil(n) | The smallest integer that is greater than n | Round up |
| cos(n) | The cosine of n | |
| cosh(n) | The hyperbolic cosine of n | |
| exp(n) | e raised to the power n, where e is the base of the natural logarithms | |
| floor(n) | The largest integer that is less than n | Round down |
| gamma(n) | The complete Gamma function of n | |
| int(n) | The value of n truncated to an integer (toward 0) | |
| lgamma(n) | The logarithm of the complete Gamma function of n | |
| log(n) | The natural (base-e) logarithm of n | |
| log2(n) | The base-2 logarithm of n | |
| log10(n) | The base-10 logarithm of n | |
| mod(n, modulus) | The remainder when n is divided by modulus | |
| pow(n, power) | The value of n raised to the power of power | |
| round(n) | The integer that results from rounding the absolute value of n and then reaffixing the
sign. Numbers ending in 0.5 exactly are rounded away from 0. For example,
round(-4.5) rounds to -5. |
|
| sin(n) | The sine of n | |
| sinh(n) | The hyperbolic sine of n | |
| sqrt(n) | The positive square root of n | |
| tan(n) | The tangent of n | |
| tanh(n) | The hyperbolic tangent of n |
| Function | Result | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| concatenate(string1, string2) | A string that is the concatenation of string1 and string2 | |
| datetostring(date) | The string that results when date is converted to a string | |
| indexof(haystack,needle[,divisor]) | A number that indicates the position of the first occurrence of needle in haystack. The optional third argument, divisor, is a number of characters used to divide needle into separate strings. Each substring is used for searching and the function returns the first occurrence of any of the substrings. For example, indexof(x, “abcd”) will return the value of the starting position of the complete string "abcd" in the string variable x; indexof(x, “abcd”, 1) will return the value of the position of the first occurrence of any of the values in the string; and indexof(x, “abcd”, 2) will return the value of the first occurrence of either "ab" or "cd". Divisor must be a positive integer and must divide evenly into the length of needle. Returns 0 if needle does not occur within haystack. | |
| length(string) | A number indicating the length of string | |
| lowercase(string) | string with uppercase letters changed to lowercase and other characters unchanged | |
| ltrim(string[, char]) | string with any leading instances of char removed. If char is not specified, leading blanks are removed. Char must resolve to a single character. | |
| midstring(string , start, end) | The substring beginning at position start of string and ending at end | |
| numbertostring(n) | The string that results when n is converted to a string | |
| replace(target, old, new) | In target, instances of old are replaced with new. All arguments are strings. | |
| rtrim(string[, char]) | string with any trailing instances of char removed. If char is not specified, trailing blanks are removed. Char must resolve to a single character. | |
| stringtodate(string) | The value of the string expression string as a date | |
| stringtonumber(string) | The value of the string expression string as a number | |
| substring(string, start, length) | The substring beginning at position start of string and running for length length | |
| trim(string) | string with any leading and trailing blanks removed | |
| uppercase(string) | string with lowercase letters changed to uppercase and other characters unchanged |
| Function | Result | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| date() | The current date | |
| time() | The current time |
| Constant | Meaning | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| true | True | |
| false | False | |
| pi | pi | |
| e | Euler's number or the base of the natural logarithm |