t-SNE node

t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE)© is a tool for visualizing high-dimensional data. It converts affinities of data points to probabilities. The affinities in the original space are represented by Gaussian joint probabilities and the affinities in the embedded space are represented by Student's t-distributions. This allows t-SNE to be particularly sensitive to local structure and has a few other advantages over existing techniques: ¹

• Revealing the structure at many scales on a single map
• Revealing data that lie in multiple, different, manifolds, or clusters
• Reducing the tendency to crowd points together at the center

The t-SNE node in SPSS® Modeler is implemented in Python and requires the scikit-learn© Python library. For details about t-SNE and the scikit-learn library, see:

• https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/generated/sklearn.manifold.TSNE.html#sklearn.manifold.TSNE
• https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/manifold.html#t-sne