Branching statements

Break

The break statement terminates a for or a while loop when the statement is found. In a for loop, for example, the flow of control transfers to the statement following the enclosing for, as shown here:

then {
  int ?i = 1;
  int ?j = 1;
  for ( ?i = 1; ?i <= 3; ?i++ ) {
    System.out.println("\ni= " + ?i + ": ");
    for ( ?j = 1; ?j <= 3; ?j++ ) {
        System.out.println(" j = " + ?j) ;
        if ( ?i == ?j ) {
             break;
         }
     }
   }
 }

The break statement ends only the loop in which it exists. If two loops are nested, a break in the inner loop exits the inner loop but not the outer loop. The output of the above example is shown here:

i= 1:
 j = 1

i= 2:
 j = 1
 j = 2

i= 3:
 j = 1
 j = 2
 j = 3

Continue

You use the continue statement to skip the current iteration of a for or while loop. Instead of ending the loop like the break statement, the continue statement skips all following statements in the loop body and runs the next iteration of the loop. The continue statement is demonstrated in the following example.

then {
   StringBuffer ?whitePaper = new StringBuffer(
                     "The Case for Business Users of Information Technology");
   int ?max = ?whitePaper.length();
   int ?numSs = 0;
   int ?i = 0;
   for (?i = 0; ?i < ?max; ?i++) {
      if (?whitePaper.charAt(?i) != 's'){
         continue;
        }
        ?numSs++;
        ?whitePaper.setCharAt(?i, 'S');
      }
   System.out.println("Found " + ?numSs + " s's in the string.\n");
   System.out.println(?whitePaper);
}

Here is the output:

Found 6 s's in the string.
The CaSe for BuSineSS USerS of Information Technology

The example steps through a string buffer checking each letter. If the current character is not an s, the continue statement skips the rest of the statements in the loop and proceeds to the next iteration to test the next character. If it is an s, the rule increments a counter and converts the s to uppercase.