GDDM V3R2 Base Application Programming Reference
GDDM V3R2 Base Application Programming Reference
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Glossary GDDM V3R2 Base Application Programming Reference SC33-0868-02 |
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This glossary defines technical terms used in GDDM documentation. If you do not find the term you are looking for, refer to the index of the appropriate GDDM manual or view the IBM Dictionary of Computing, located on the Internet at:
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AAB. Application anchor block. ACB. Application control block. active operator window. In GDDM, the operator window with the highest priority in the viewing order. active partition. The partition containing the cursor. Contrast with current partition. advanced function printing. The ability of licensed programs to use the all-points-addressable concept to print text and illustrations. adjunct. In mapped alphanumerics, one of a set of optional subfields in an application data structure that specifies some attribute of a data field; for example, that it is highlighted. An adjunct enables the attribute to be varied at run time. ADMGDF. See graphics data format (GDF). ADS. Application data structure. AFPDS. Advanced-function presentation data stream. AIC. Application interface component. alphanumeric character attributes. In GDDM, the highlighting, color, and symbol set to be used for individual characters. alphanumeric cursor. A physical indicator on a display. It can be moved from one hardware cell to another. alphanumeric field. A field (area of a screen or printer page) that can contain alphabetic, numeric, or special characters. In GDDM, contrast with graphics field. alphanumeric field attributes. In GDDM, the intensity, highlighting, color, and symbol set to be used for field type, field end, output conversion, input conversion, translate table assignment, transparency, field outlining, and mixed-string fields. alphanumerics. Pertaining to alphanumeric fields. In GDDM there are three types of alphanumerics:
annotation. An added descriptive comment or explanatory note. APA. All points addressable. aperture. See pick aperture. API. Application programming interface. APL. One of the programming languages supported by GDDM. application data structure (ADS). A structure created by GDDM-IMD that contains an entry for each variable field within a map. The data to be displayed in a mapped field is placed into the application data structure by the user's program. application image. In GDDM, an image contained in GDDM main storage, and independent of any device or GDDM page. Contrast with device image. application programming interface (API). The formally defined interface used by an application programmer to pass commands to, and get responses from, an IBM system control program or licensed program. area. In GDDM, a shaded shape, such as a solid rectangle. It is created by opening the area, defining its outline, and closing the area. aspect ratio. The width-to-height ratio of an area, symbol, or shape. attention identifier. A number indicating which button the operator pressed to satisfy a read operation. For example, 0 (returned from GDDM to the application program) means that the operator pressed the Enter key. attribute byte. The screen position that precedes an alphanumeric field on a 3270-family device and holds the attribute information. See also trailing attribute byte. attributes. Characteristics or properties that can be controlled, usually to obtain a required appearance; for example, the color of a line. See also alphanumeric character attributes, alphanumeric field attributes, and graphics attributes. axis. In a chart, a line that is drawn to indicate units of measurement against which items in the chart can be viewed. A3. A paper size, more common in Europe than in the U.S. It measures 297mm by 420mm, and is twice the size of A4. See also A4. A4. A paper size, more common in Europe than in the U.S. It measures 210mm by 297mm, and is half the size of A3. Compare with quarto. See also A3.
background color. Black on a display, white on a printer. The initial color of the display medium. Contrast with neutral color. bar code. A code representing characters by sets of vertical parallel bars of varying thickness and separation that are read optically by transverse scanning. BASIC. One of the programming languages supported by GDDM. BDAM. Basic Direct Access Method. bi-level image. An image in which each pixel is either black or white (value 0 or 1). Contrast with gray-scale image and halftone image. BMS. Basic Mapping Support (CICS). BPAM. Basic Partitioned Access Method. business graphics. The methods and techniques for presenting commercial and administrative information in chart form; for example, the creation and display of a sales bar chart. Contrast with general graphics.
CALS. Continuous Acquisition and Life-Cycle Support. CDPDS. Composite Document Presentation Data Stream. CDPF. Composed Document Print Facility. CDPU. Composite Document Print Utility. CECP. Country-extended code page. cell. See character cell. CGM. Computer Graphics Metafile. A file that contains information about the content of a picture, and conforms to the International Standard, ISO 8632, or is of a similar format. channel-attached. Pertaining to devices that are attached directly to a computer by means of data (I/O) channels. Synonymous with local. Contrast with link-attached. character. A letter, digit, or other symbol. character attributes. See alphanumeric character attributes. See also graphics text attributes. character box. In GDDM, the rectangle or (for sheared characters) the parallelogram boundaries that govern the size, orientation, spacing, and italicizing of individual symbols or characters to be shown on a display screen or printer page. The box width, height, and, if required, shear are specified in world coordinates and can be program-controlled. See also character mode. Contrast with character cell. character cell. The physical, rectangular space in which any single character or symbol is displayed on a screen or printer device. The size and position of a character cell are fixed. Size is usually specified in pixels on a given device; for example, 9 by 12 on an IBM 3279 Model 3 display. Position is addressed by row and column coordinates. Synonymous with hardware cell and symbol cell. Contrast with character box. character code. The means of addressing a symbol in a symbol set, sometimes called code point. The particular form and range of codes depends on the GDDM context. For example:
character matrix. Synonym for dot matrix. character mode. In GDDM, the type of characters to be used. There are three modes:
choice device. A logical input device that enables the application program to identify keys pressed by the terminal operator. CICS. Customer Information Control System. A subsystem of MVS or VSE under which GDDM can be used. clipping. In computer graphics, removing parts of a display image that lie outside a viewport. Synonymous with scissoring. CMS. Conversational Monitor System. A time-sharing subsystem that runs under VM/SP. COBOL. One of the programming languages supported by GDDM. code page. Defines the relationship between a set of code points and graphic characters. This relationship covers both the standard alphanumeric characters and the national language variations. GDDM supports a set of code pages used with typographic fonts for the IBM 4250 page printer. code point. Synonym for character code. Composite Document Presentation Data Stream (CDPDS). A data stream containing graphics, image, and text that is the input to the GDDM Composite Document Print Utility (CDPU). Composed Document Print Facility (CDPF). An IBM licensed program for processing documents destined for the IBM 4250 page printer. composed-page image file. An intermediate form, residing on disk, of a picture destined for a page printer. composed-page printer. See page printer. composed-page printer format. A general term describing the format of print data destined for output by using either CDPF or PSF. composite document. A document that contains both formatted text, such as that produced by the DCF program, and graphic or image data, such as that produced by GDDM. It is a combination of text and pictures on a page or set of pages. The pictures can be computer graphics or images created by scanning paper originals. Composite Document Print Utility (CDPU). A utility that can print or display composite documents compressed data stream. A data stream that has been made more compact by use of a data-compression algorithm. constant data. In GDDM, data that is defined in a map and need not be known to the application program. correlation. The translation (by GDDM) of a screen position into a part of the user's picture. This follows a pick operation. country-extended code page (CECP). An extension of a normal EBCDIC code page that includes definitions of all code points in the range X'41' through X'FE'. Each code page contains the same 190 characters, but the mapping between code points and graphics characters depends on the country for which the code page is defined. This is a method of marking a GDDM object so that the environment in which it was created can be identified. It enables automatic translation to a different environment. CSD. (1) Under MVS or VSE, CICS system definition. (2) In personal computer systems, Corrective Service Diskette; the means by which service is applied to the personal computer system. current partition. The partition selected for processing by the application program. Contrast with active partition. current position. In GDDM, the end of the previously drawn primitive. Unless a "move" is performed, this position is also the start of the next primitive. cursor. A physical indicator that can be moved around a display screen. See alphanumeric cursor and graphics cursor. CUT. Control unit terminal.
DASD. Direct access storage device. data stream compatibility (DSC). In IBM 8100 systems, the facility that provides access to System/370 applications that communicate with IBM 3270 Information Display System terminals. data stream compression. The shortening of an I/O data stream for the purpose of more efficient transmission between link-attached units. data set. The major unit of data storage and retrieval, consisting of a collection of data in one of several prescribed arrangements and described by control information to which the system has access. DBCS. Double-byte character set. DCF. Document Composition Facility. DCSS. Discontiguous saved segment (VM/SP). DCT. Destination control table (CICS). default value. The value of an attribute chosen by GDDM when no value is explicitly specified by the user. For example, the default line type is a solid line. The default value is sometimes device-dependent. See also drawing default and standard default. denibblized data. The decoded data stream used between the GDDM DOS Support feature in the host and GDDM-PCLK on the workstation. designator character. The first byte of a light-pen-detectable field that indicates whether or not the field has been selected. device echo. A visual identification of the position of the graphics cursor. The form of the device echo is defined by the application program. device family. In GDDM, a device classification that governs the general way in which I/O will be processed. See also processing option. For example:
device suffix. In GDDM-IMD, a suffix to a mapgroup name that indicates the device class. device token. In GDDM, an 8-byte code giving entry to a table of pre-established device hardware characteristics that are required when the device is opened (initialized). DIF. In GDDM terms, data interchange format. digital image. A two-dimensional array of picture elements (pixels) representing a picture. A digital image can be stored and processed by a computer, using bits to represent pixels. In GDDM, pixels have the value black or white. Often called simply image. direct transmission. In GDDM image processing, the transfer of image data direct from a source outside GDDM to an image device, including manipulation by a projection in the device, and without GDDM maintaining a copy or buffer of the data. display device. Any output unit that gives a visual representation of data; for example, a screen or printer. More commonly, the term is used to mean a screen and not a printer. display point. Synonym for pixel. display-point matrix. Synonym for dot matrix. display terminal. An input/output unit by which a user communicates with a data processing system or subsystem. It usually includes a keyboard and always provides a visual presentation of data. For example, an IBM 3179 display. DL/1. Data language 1. A language for database processing operations. dot matrix. In computer graphics, a two-dimensional pattern of dots used for constructing a display image. This type of matrix can be used to represent characters by dots. Synonymous with character matrix and display-point matrix. double-byte characters. See double-byte character set (DBCS). double-byte character set (DBCS). A set of characters in which each character occupies two byte positions in internal storage and in display buffers. Used for oriental languages; for example, Kanji or Hangeul. Contrast with single-byte character set. DPCX. Distributed Processing Control Executive. An IBM 8100 system control program. DPPX. Distributed Processing Programming Executive. An IBM 8100 system control program. drawing default. The value of a graphics attribute chosen by GDDM when no value is explicitly specified by the user. The drawing default may be altered by the user. DSC. Data stream compatibility. dual characters. See double-byte characters. dummy device. An output destination for which GDDM does all the normal processing but for which no actual output is generated. Used, for example, to test programming for an unavailable output device.
EBCDIC. Extended binary coded decimal interchange code. A coded character set consisting of 8-bit coded characters. echo. In interactive graphics, the visible form of the locator or other logical input device. ECSA. Extended character set adapter. edit. To enter, modify, or delete data. editing grid. In the GDDM Image and Vector Symbol Editors, a grid used as a guide for editing a symbol. In the Image Symbol Editor, it is a dot matrix. In the Vector Symbol Editor, it is a grid of lines. enterprise. An organization or company that undertakes local, national, or international business ventures. extended data stream. For IBM 3179, 3192, 3278, 3279, and 3287 devices, input/output data formatted and encoded in support of color, programmed symbols, and extended highlighting. These features extend the IBM 3270 data stream architecture. extended highlighting. The emphasizing of a displayed character's appearance by blinking, underscore, or reverse video. external defaults. GDDM-supplied values that users can change to suit their own needs. extracted image. In GDDM, an image on which transform element calls operate. It may imply the whole source image or just a part of it, depending on whether a define sub-image transform element has been applied in its derivation.
FCT. File control table (CICS). field. An area on the screen or the printed or plotted page. See alphanumeric field, graphics field, and mapped field. field attributes. See alphanumeric field attributes. field list. The high performance alphanumerics data structure used to define alphanumeric fields. fillet. A curve that is tangential to the end points of two adjoining lines. flat file. A file that contains only data; that is, a file that is not part of a hierarchical data structure. A flat file can contain fixed-length or variable-length records. floating area. The part of a page reserved for floating maps. floating map. A map whose absolute position on the GDDM page is not fixed. During execution, a floating map takes the next available space that satisfies its specification. floating-point feature. A processing unit feature that provides four 64-bit floating-point registers to perform floating-point arithmetic calculations. foil. A transparency for overhead projection. font. A particular style of typeface (for example, Gothic English). In GDDM, a font can exist as a programmed symbol set. formatted document. A type of file containing text, images, and graphics. FORTRAN. One of the programming languages supported by GDDM. four-button cursor. A hand-held device, with cross-hair sight, used on the surface of a tablet to indicate position on a screen. Synonymous with puck. frame. In GDDM-IMD, a synonym for panel. full-screen alphanumeric operation. Full-screen processing operations on alphanumeric fields. full-screen mode. A form of screen presentation in which the contents of an entire terminal screen can be displayed at once. Full-screen mode is often used for fill-the-blanks prompting, and is an alternative to line-by-line I/O. full-screen processor. A host software component that, together with display terminal functions, supports display terminal input/output in full-screen mode.
GDDM. Graphical Data Display Manager. A series of IBM licensed programs, running in a host computer, that manage communications between application programs and display devices, printers, plotters, and scanners for graphics applications. GDDM-GKS. GDDM Graphical Kernel System. A member of the GDDM family that runs under TSO and CMS and provides an alternative graphics programming interface to that of the GDDM base product. It is an implementation of the Graphical Kernel Standard, ISO 7942, of the International Organization for Standardization. GDDM/graPHIGS. A member of the GDDM family used for creating hierarchical three-dimensional structures on the IBM 5080 Graphics System. It is based on the proposed ANSI standard for the Programmer's Hierarchical Interactive Graphics System (PHIGS). GDDM Interactive Map Definition. GDDM-IMD. A member of the GDDM family of licensed programs. It enables users to create alphanumeric layouts at the terminal. The user defines the position of each field within the layout and may assign attributes, default data, and associated variable names to each field. The resultant map can be tested from within the utility. GDDM-IVU. GDDM Interactive View Utility. A member of the GDDM family of licensed programs. It enables users to view, create, modify, store, and print images. GDDM-OS/2. A licensed program that enables IBM PS/2 and other personal-computer systems with OS/2 installed to run GDDM application programs in the host computer. GDDM-PCLK. A licensed program that enables IBM PS/2 and other personal computers with graphics-display adapters, and IBM 3270 terminal emulators to run GDDM application programs in the host computer. GDDM-PGF. GDDM-Presentation Graphics Facility. A member of the GDDM family of licensed programs. It is concerned with business graphics, rather than general graphics. GDDM storage. The portion of host computer main storage used by GDDM. GDF. Graphics data format. general graphics. The methods and techniques for converting data to or from graphics display in mathematical, scientific, or engineering applications; that is, in any application other than business graphics. See also business graphics. generated mapgroup. The output produced when a source GDDM-IMD mapgroup is generated. It contains the information needed by GDDM at execution to position the mapped fields on the GDDM page. GIF. Graphics Interchange Format. GKS. Graphical Kernel System. See GDDM-GKS. GL. Graphical Language. Graphical Data Display Manager. See GDDM. graphics. A picture defined in terms of graphics primitives and graphics attributes. graphics area. Part of a mapped field that is reserved for later insertion of graphics. graphics attributes. In GDDM, color selection, color mix, line type, line width, graphics text attributes, marker symbol, and shading pattern definition. graphics cursor. A physical indicator that can be moved (often with a joystick, mouse, or stylus) to any position on the screen. graphics data format (GDF). A picture definition in an encoded order format used internally by GDDM and, optionally, providing the user with a lower-level programming interface than the GDDM API. graphics data stream. The data stream that produces graphics on the screen, printer, or plotter. graphics field. A rectangular area of a screen or printer page, used for graphics. Contrast with alphanumeric field. graphics input queue. A queue associated with the graphics field onto which elements arrive from logical input devices. The program can remove elements from the queue by issuing a graphics read. graphics primitive. A single item of drawn graphics, such as a line, arc, or graphics text string. See also graphics segment. graphics read. A form of read that solicits graphics input or removes existing elements from the graphics input queue. graphics segment. A group of graphics primitives (lines, arcs, and text) that have a common window and a common viewport and associated attributes. Graphics segments allow a group of primitives to be subject to various operations. See also graphics primitive. graphics text attributes. In GDDM, the symbol (character) set to be used, character box size, character angle, character mode, character shear angle, and character direction. graPHIGS. See GDDM/graPHIGS. gray-level. A digitally encoded shade of gray, normally (and always in GDDM) in the range 0 through 255. See also gray-scale image. gray-scale image. An image in which the gradations between black and white are represented by discrete gray-levels. Contrast with bi-level image and halftone image. green lightning. The name given to the flashing streaks on an IBM 3270 screen while a programmable symbol set is being loaded.
halftone image. A bi-level image in which intermediate shades of gray are simulated by patterns of adjacent black and white pixels. Contrast with gray-scale image. Hangeul. A character set of symbols used in Korean ideographic alphabets. hardware cell. Synonym for character cell. hardware characters. Synonym for hardware symbols. hardware symbols. The characters that are supplied with the device. The term is loosely used also for GDDM mode-1 symbols that are loaded into a PS store for subsequent display. Synonymous with hardware characters. hexadecimal. Pertaining to a numbering system with base sixteen. host. See host computer. high performance alphanumerics. The creation of alphanumeric displays using field list data structures. Contrast with procedural and mapped alphanumerics. host computer. The primary or controlling computer in a multiple-computer installation.
ICU. Interactive Chart Utility. identity projection. In GDDM image processing, a projection that is transferred from source image to target image without any processing being performed on it. image. Synonym for digital image. image data stream. The internal form of the GDDM data in an image environment. image field. A rectangular area of a screen or printer page, used for image. Contrast with alphanumeric field and graphics field. Image Object Content Architecture (IOCA). An architected collection of constructs used to interchange and present images. image symbol. A character or symbol defined as a dot pattern. Image Symbol Editor (ISE). A GDDM-supplied interactive editor that enables users to create or modify their own image symbol sets (ISS). image symbol set (ISS). A set of symbols each of which was created as a pattern of dots. Contrast with vector symbol set (VSS). IMD. See GDDM Interactive Map definition. IMS/VS. Information Management System/Virtual Storage. A subsystem of MVS under which GDDM can be used. include member. A collection of source statements stored as a library member for later inclusion in a compilation. input queue. See graphics input queue. integer. A whole number (for example, -2, 3, 457). Intelligent Printer Data Stream (IPDS). A structured-field data stream for managing and controlling printer processes, allowing both data and controls to be sent to the printer. GDDM uses IPDS to communicate with the IBM 4224 printer. Interactive Chart Utility (ICU). A GDDM-PGF menu-driven program that allows business charts to be created interactively by nonprogrammers. interactive graphics. In GDDM, those graphics that can be moved or manipulated by a user at a terminal. Interactive Map definition. A member of the GDDM family of licensed programs. It enables users to create alphanumeric layouts at the terminal. The operator defines the position of each field within the layout and may assign attributes, default data, and associated variable names to each field. The resultant map can be tested from within the utility. interactive mode. A mode of application operation in which each entry receives a response from a system or program, as in an inquiry system or an airline reservation system. An interactive system can also be conversational, implying a continuous dialog between the user and the system. interactive subsystem. (1) One or more terminals, printers, and any associated local controllers capable of operation in interactive mode. (2) One or more system programs or program products that enable user applications to operate in interactive mode; for example, CICS. intercept. In a chart, a method of describing the position of one axis relative to another. For example, the x axis can be specified so that it intercepts (crosses) the y axis at the bottom, middle, or top of the plotting area of a chart. inter-device copy. The ability to copy a page or the graphics field from the current primary device to another device. The target device is known as the alternate device. IOCA. See Image Object content Architecture. IPDS. See Intelligent Printer Data Stream. ISE. Image Symbol Editor. ISO. International Organization for Standardization. ISPF. Interactive System Productivity Facility. ISS. Image symbol set. IVU. Image View Utility. See GDDM-IVU.
joystick. A lever that can pivot in all directions in a horizontal plane, used as a locator device.
Kanji. A character set of symbols used in Japanese ideographic alphabets. Katakana. A character set of symbols used in one of the two common Japanese phonetic alphabets; Katakana is used primarily to write foreign words phonetically. See also Kanji. key. In a legend, a symbol and an associated data group name. A key might, for example, indicate that the blue line on a graph represents "Predicted Profit." See also legend. key symbol. A small part of a line (from a line graph) or an area (from a shaded chart) used in a legend to identify one of the various data groups.
Latin. Of or pertaining to the Western alphabet. In GDDM, a synonym for single-byte character set. legend. A set of symbolic keys used to identify the data groups in a business chart. line attributes. In GDDM, color, line type, and line width. link pack area. An MVS term that describes an area of shared storage. link-attached. Pertaining to devices that are connected to a controlling unit by a data link. Synonymous with remote. Contrast with channel-attached. local. Synonym for channel-attached. local character set identifier. A hexadecimal value stored with a GDDM symbol set, which can be used by symbol-set-loading means other than GDDM in the context of local copy on a printer. locator. A logical input device used to indicate a position on the screen. Its physical form may be the alphanumeric cursor or a graphics cursor moved by a joystick. logical input device. A concept that allows application programs to be written in a device-independent manner. The logical input devices to which the program refers may be subsequently associated with different physical parts of a terminal, depending on which device is used at run time. LPA. Link pack area. LTERM. In IMS/VS, logical terminal.
map. A predefined format of alphanumeric fields on a screen. Usually constructed outside of the application program. map specification library (MSL). The data set in which maps are held in their source form. mapgroup. A data item that contains a number of maps and information about the device on which those maps are to be used. All maps on a GDDM page must come from the same mapgroup. mapped alphanumerics. The creation of alphanumeric displays using predefined maps. Contrast with procedural alphanumerics and high performance alphanumerics. mapped field. An area of a page whose layout is defined by a map. mapped graphics. Graphics placed in a graphics area within a mapped field. mapped page. A GDDM page whose content is defined by maps in a mapgroup. mapping. The use of a map to produce a panel from an output record, or an input record from a panel. marker. In GDDM, a symbol centered on a point. Line graphs and polar charts can use markers to indicate the plotted points. MDT. Modified data tag. menu. A displayed list of logically grouped functions from which the user can make a selection. Sometimes called a menu panel. menu-driven. Describes a program that is driven by user response to one or more displayed menus. MFS. Message format service. MICR. Magnetic ink character recognition. mixed character string. A string containing a mixture of Latin (one-byte) and Kanji or Hangeul (two-byte) characters. Mixed Object Document Content Architecture (MO:DCA). An architected, device-independent data stream for interchanging documents. mode-1/-2/-3 characters. See character mode. mountain shading. A method of shading surface charts where each component is shaded separately from the base line, instead of being shaded from the data line of the previous component. mouse. A device that a user moves on a flat surface to position a pointer on a screen. MSHP. Maintain System History Program. A software process for installing licensed programs on VSE systems. MSL. Map specification library. MVS. IBM Multiple Virtual Storage. A system under which GDDM can be used. MVS/XA. Multiple Virtual Storage/Extended Architecture. A subsystem under which GDDM can be used.
name-list. A means of identifying which physical device is to be opened by a GDDM program. It can be used as a parameter of the DSOPEN call, or in a nickname. National Language Support (NLS). A special feature that provides translations of the ICU panels and some of the GDDM messages into a variety of languages, including US English. negate. In bi-level image data, setting zero bits to one and one bits to zero. neutral color. White on a display, black on a printer. Contrast with background color. nibblized data. The encoded data stream used between the GDDM DOS Support feature in the host and GDDM-PCLK on the workstation. nickname. In GDDM, a means of referring to a device, the characteristics and identity of which have been already defined. NLS. National Language Support. nonqueriable printer. A printer about which GDDM cannot obtain any information. NSS. Named saved system (VM/XA and VM/ESA). null character. An empty character represented by X'00' in the EBCDIC code. Such a character does not occupy a screen position.
operator reply mode. In GDDM, the mode of interaction available to the operator (display terminal user) with respect to the modification (or not) of alphanumeric character attributes for an input field. operator window. Part of the display screen's surface on which the GDDM output of an application program can be shown. An operator window is controlled by the end user; contrast with partition. A task manager may create a window for each application program it is running. outbound structured field. An element in IBM 3270 data streams from host to terminal with formatting that allows variable-length and multiple-field data to be sequentially translated by the receiver into its component fields without the receiver having to examine every byte.
page. In GDDM, the main unit of output and input. All specified alphanumerics and graphics are added to the current page. An output statement always sends the current page to the device, and an input statement always receives the current page from the device. page printer. A printer, such as the IBM 3820 or IBM 4250, to which the host computer sends data in the form of a succession of formatted pages. Such devices can print pictorial data and text, and can position all output to pixel accuracy. The pixel density and the general print quality both often suffice as camera-ready copy for publications. Also known as composed-page printer. page segment. A picture file in a form that can be printed. It can only be printed if it is embedded in a primary document. Also known as a PSEGo file. panel. A predefined display that defines the locations and characteristics of alphanumeric fields on a display terminal. When the panel offers the operator a selection of alternatives it may be called a menu panel. Synonymous with frame. partition. Part of the display screen's surface on which a page, or part of a page, of GDDM output can be shown. Two or more partitions can be created, each displaying a page, or part of a page, of output. A partition is controlled by the GDDM application; contrast with operator window. partition set. A grouping of partitions that are intended for simultaneous display on a screen. partitioned data set (PDS). A data set in direct access storage that is divided into partitions, called members, each of which can contain a program, part of a program, or data. PCB. In GDDM, program communication block (IMS/VS). PCLK. See GDDM-PCLK. PDS. Partitioned data set (MVS). pel. Picture element. See pixel. PGF. Presentation Graphics Facility. A member of the GDDM family of licensed programs. It is concerned with business graphics, rather than general graphics. PHIGS. Programmer's Hierarchical Interactive Graphics System. pick. The action of the operator in selecting part of a graphics display by placing the graphics cursor over it. pick aperture. A rectangular or square box that is moved across the screen by the graphics cursor. An item must lie at least partially within the pick aperture before it can be picked. pick device. A logical input device that allows the application to determine which part of the picture was selected (or picked) by the operator. picture interchange format (PIF) file. In graphics systems, the type of file, containing picture data, that can be transferred between GDDM and an IBM 3270-PC/G, /GX, or /AT workstation. picture space. In GDDM, an area of specified aspect ratio that lies within the graphics field. It is centered on the graphics field and defines the part of the graphics field in which graphics will be drawn. PIF. Picture interchange format. pixel. The smallest area of a display screen capable of being addressed and switched between visible and invisible states. Synonymous with display point, pel, and picture element. PL/I. One of the programming languages supported by GDDM. plotter. An output device that uses pens to draw its output on paper or transparency foils. pointings. Pairs of x-y coordinates produced by an operator defining positions on a screen with a locator device, such as a mouse. polar chart. A form of business chart where the x axis is circular and the y axis is radial. polyfillet. In GDDM, a curve based on a sequence of lines. It is tangential to the end points of the first and last lines, and tangential also to the midpoints of all other lines. polyline. A sequence of adjoining lines. popping. A method of ordering data whereby each item in a list or sequence takes the value of the previous item in the list or sequence, and is then removed from the list; when this happens, the list or sequence of data is said to be "popped." ppi. Pixels per inch. PQE. Printer queue element. presentation graphics. Computer graphics products or systems, the functions of which are primarily concerned with graphics output presentation. For example, the display of business planning bar charts. preview chart. A small version of the current chart that can be displayed on ICU menu panels. primary device. In GDDM, the main destination device for the application program's output, usually a display terminal. The default primary device is the user console. See also alternate device. primitive. See graphics primitive. primitive attribute. A specifiable characteristic of a graphics primitive. See graphics attributes and graphics text attributes. Print Services Facility (PSF). An IBM licensed program for processing documents destined for the IBM 3800 Model 3 page printer. print utility. A subsystem-dependent utility that sends print files from various origins to a queued printer. procedural alphanumerics. The creation of alphanumeric displays using the GDDM alphanumeric API. Contrast with mapped alphanumerics and high performance alphanumerics. processing option. Describes how a device's I/O is to be processed. It is a device-family-dependent and subsystem-dependent option that is specified when the device is opened (initialized). An example is the choice between CMS attention-handling protocols. procopt. Processing option. profile. In GDDM, a file that contains information about how GDDM is to process requests for services to devices or other functions. program library. (1) A collection of available computer programs and routines. (2) An organized collection of computer programs. programmed symbols (PS). Dot patterns loaded by GDDM into the PS stores of an output device. projection. In GDDM image processing, an application-defined function that specifies operations to be performed on data extracted from a source image. Consists of one or more transforms. See also transform element. PS. Programmed symbols. PS overflow. A condition where the graphics cannot be displayed in its entirety because the picture is too complex to be contained in the device's PS stores. PSB. Program specification block (IMS). PSEG. See page segment. PSF. Print Services Facility. PSP bucket. A database containing descriptions of faults found in programs. Used by Service personnel. PS/2. Personal System/2. puck. Synonym for four-button cursor. PUT. Program update tape.
quarto. A paper size, more common in the U.S. than in Europe. It measures 8.5 inches by 11.0 inches. Also known as A size. Compare with A4. queued printer. A printer belonging to the subsystem under which GDDM runs, to which output is sent indirectly by means of the GDDM Print Utility program. In some subsystems, this may allow the printer to be shared between multiple users. Contrast with system printer.
raster device. A device with a display area consisting of dots. Contrast with vector device. rastering. The transforming of graphics primitives into a dot pattern for line-by-line sequential use. In GDDM PS devices, this is done by transforming the primitives into a series of programmed symbols (PS). real device. A GDDM device that is not being windowed by means of operator window functions. Contrast with virtual device. reentrant. The attribute of a program or routine that allows the same copy of the program or routine to be used concurrently by two or more tasks. remote. Synonym for link-attached. reply mode. See operator reply mode. resolution. In graphics and image processing, the number of pixels per unit of measure (inch or meter). reverse clipping. Where one graphics primitive overlaps another, removing any parts of the underlying primitive that are overpainted by the overlying primitive. reverse video. A form of alphanumeric highlighting for a character, field, or cursor, in which its color is exchanged with that of its background. For example, changing a red character on a black background to a black character on a red background. REXX. Restructured Extended Executor Language. One of the programming languages supported by GDDM. Roman. Relating to the Latin type style, with upright characters.
SBCS. Single-byte character set. scanner. A device that produces a digital image from a document. scissoring. Synonym for clipping. scrolling. In computer graphics, moving a display image vertically or horizontally in a manner such that new data appears at one edge as existing data disappears at the opposite edge. SCS. SNA character string. segment. See graphics segment. segment attributes. Attributes that apply to the segment as an entity, rather than to the individual primitives within the segment. For example, the visibility, transformability, or detectability of a segment. segment library. The portion of auxiliary storage where segment definitions are held. These definitions are GDDM objects in graphics data format (GDF) and are managed by GDDM API calls. GDDM handles the file accesses to and from auxiliary storage. segment priority. The order in which segments are drawn; also the order in which they are detected. segment transform. The means to rotate, scale, and reposition segments without re-creating them. selector adjunct. A subfield of an application data structure that qualifies a data field. shear. The action of tilting graphics text so that each character leans to the left or right while retaining a horizontal baseline. single-byte character set (SBCS). A set of characters in which each character occupies one byte position in internal storage and in display buffers. Used for example, in most non-Oriental symbols. Contrast with double-byte character set. SMP/E. System Modification Program/Extended. A software process for installing licensed programs on MVS systems. SNA. System Network Architecture. source image. An image that is the data input to image processing or transfer. spill file. A means of reducing storage requirements at the cost of processing time, when creating high-resolution output files for page printers, for example. stand-alone (mode). Operation that is independent of another device, program, or system. standard default. The value of a graphics attribute chosen by GDDM when no value is explicitly specified by the user. The standard default cannot be altered by the user, although it may be overridden by the user. string device. A logical input device that enables an application program to process character data entered by the terminal operator. stroke device. A logical input device that enables an application program to process a sequence of x,y coordinate data entered by the terminal operator. stylus. A pen-like pointer used on the surface of a tablet to indicate position on a screen. surface chart. A chart similar to a line graph, except that no markers appear and the areas between successive lines are shaded. swathe. A horizontal slice of printer output, forming part of a complete picture. Page printer images are often constructed in swathes to reduce the amount of storage required. symbol. Synonymous with character. For example, the following terms all have the same meaning: vector symbols, vector characters, vector text. symbol cell. Synonym for character cell. symbol matrix. Synonym for dot matrix. symbol set. A collection of symbols, usually but not necessarily forming a font. GDDM applications may use the hardware device's own symbol set. Alternatively, they can use image or vector symbol sets that the user has created. symbol set identifier. In GDDM, an integer (or the equivalent EBCDIC character) by which the programmer refers to a loaded symbol set. system printer. A printer belonging to the subsystem under which GDDM runs, to which output is sent indirectly by use of system spooling facilities. Contrast with queued printer.
tablet. (1) A locator device with a flat surface and a mechanism that converts indicated positions on the surface into coordinate data. (2) The IBM 5083 Tablet Model 2, which, with a four-button cursor or stylus, allows positions on the screen to be addressed and the graphics cursor to be moved without use of the keyboard. tag. In interactive graphics, an identifier associated with one or more primitives that is returned to the program if such primitives are subsequently picked. target image. An image that is the destination of processed or transferred data. target position. In the GDDM Vector Symbol Editor, the grid coordinates of a point on the editing grid to which a vector is to be drawn. task manager. A program that supervises the concurrent running of other programs. temporary graphics. Graphics created outside a segment. terminal. A device, usually equipped with a keyboard and a display unit, capable of sending and receiving information over a link. See also display terminal. terminal emulator. A program that enables a device such as a personal computer system to enter and receive data from a host computer system as if it were a particular type of attached terminal. test symbol. In the GDDM Image and Vector Symbol Editors, an area on the Symbol Edit panel in which the currently chosen symbol is displayed. text. Characters or symbols sent to the device. GDDM provides alphanumeric text and graphics text. text attributes. See graphics text attributes. tilted pie chart. A pie chart drawn in three dimensions, which has been tilted away from full face to reveal its three-dimensional properties. trailing attribute byte. The screen position following an alphanumeric field. This attribute byte can specify, for example, that the cursor should auto-skip to the next field when the current field is filled. transfer operation. In GDDM image processing, an operation in which a projection is applied to a source image, and the result placed in a target image. The source and target images can be device or application images in any combination, or one or other of them (but not both) can be image data within the application program. transform. (1) The action of modifying a picture for display; for example, by scaling, rotating, or displacing. (2) The object that performs or defines such a modification; also referred to as a transformation. (3) In GDDM image processing, a definition of three aspects of the data manipulation to be done by a projection:
See also projection and transform element. transform element. In GDDM image processing, a specific function in a transform, which can be one of the following: define sub-image, scale, orient, reflect, negate, define place in target image. A given transform element can be used only once in a transform. transformable. A segment must be defined as transformable if it will subsequently be moved, scaled, or rotated. transparency. (1) A document on transparent material suitable for overhead projection. (2) An alphanumeric attribute that allows underlying graphics or image to show. TSO. Time Sharing Option. A subsystem of MVS under which GDDM can be used. TWA. Transaction work area.
UDS. User default specification. UDSL. A list of user default specifications (UDSs). unformatted data. In GDDM image processing, compressed or uncompressed binary image data that has no headers, trailers, or embedded control fields other than any defined by the compression algorithm, if applicable. The data is in row major order, beginning with the top left of the picture. User Control. A GDDM function that enables the terminal or workstation to perform some functions without the need for application programming. The actions include: moving and zooming graphics; manipulating windows; printing, plotting, and saving pictures. user default specification (UDS). The means of changing a GDDM external default value. The external default values that a UDS can change are those of the GDDM or subsystem environment, GDDM user exits, and device definitions. user exit. A point in GDDM execution where a user routine will gain control if such has been requested.
variable cell size. In most devices, the hardware cell size is fixed, but the IBM 3290 Information Panel has a cell size that can be varied. This, in turn, causes the number of rows or columns on the device to alter. vector. (1) In computer graphics, a directed line segment. (2) In the GDDM-PGF Vector Symbol Editor, a straight line between two points. vector device. A device capable of displaying lines and curves directly. Contrast with raster device. vector symbol. A character or shape composed of a series of lines or curves. Vector Symbol Editor. A program supplied with GDDM-PGF, the function of which is to create and edit vector symbol sets (VSS). vector symbol set (VSS). A set of symbols, each of which was originally created as a series of lines and curves. Venetian blind effect. The name given to the appearance of bars across shaded patterns on an IBM 3270-PC when GDDM tries to match the image symbol sets. Venn diagram. A form of business chart in which, in GDDM, two or more populations and their intersection are represented by overlapping circles. viewport. A subdivision of the picture space, most often used when two separate pictures are to be displayed together. virtual device. A GDDM device that is being windowed by use of operator window functions. Contrast with real device. virtual screen. The presentation space viewed through an operator window. VM/ESA. IBM Virtual Machine Enterprise Systems Architecture. VM/SP CMS. IBM Virtual Machine/System Product Conversational Monitor System; a system under which GDDM can be used. VMXA. IBM Virtual Machine Extended Architecture; a system under which GDDM can be used. VSE. Virtual storage extended; an operating system consisting of VSE/Advanced Functions and other IBM programs. Note: In GDDM, the abbreviation VSE has sometimes been used to refer to the Vector Symbol Editor, but to avoid confusion, this usage is deprecated. VSS. Vector symbol set.
Ward. One of the 190 matrices used to contain the symbols of a double-byte character set. The value in the first byte of each double-byte character code refers to the ward in which the character is contained. The value in the second byte denotes the character's position in the matrix. window. In GDDM, the term window has three distinct meanings:
world coordinates. The user application-oriented coordinates used for drawing graphics. See also window. wrap-around field. An alphanumeric field that extends to the right-hand edge of the page and continues at the start of the next row. WTP. Write-to-programmer. |
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