/****************************************************************************
** (c) Copyright IBM Corp. 2007 All rights reserved.
** 
** The following sample of source code ("Sample") is owned by International 
** Business Machines Corporation or one of its subsidiaries ("IBM") and is 
** copyrighted and licensed, not sold. You may use, copy, modify, and 
** distribute the Sample in any form without payment to IBM, for the purpose of 
** assisting you in the development of your applications.
** 
** The Sample code is provided to you on an "AS IS" basis, without warranty of 
** any kind. IBM HEREBY EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EITHER EXPRESS OR 
** IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF 
** MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Some jurisdictions do 
** not allow for the exclusion or limitation of implied warranties, so the above 
** limitations or exclusions may not apply to you. IBM shall not be liable for 
** any damages you suffer as a result of using, copying, modifying or 
** distributing the Sample, even if IBM has been advised of the possibility of 
** such damages.
*****************************************************************************
**
** SOURCE FILE NAME: tbmod.sqC 
**    
** SAMPLE: How to modify table data 
**           
** SQL STATEMENTS USED:
**         DELETE 
**         DECLARE CURSOR 
**         OPEN
**         FETCH
**         CLOSE
**         INSERT
**         UPDATE
**
**                           
*****************************************************************************
**
** For more information on the sample programs, see the README file.
**
** For information on developing embedded SQL applications see the Developing Embedded SQL Applications book.
**
** For information on using SQL statements, see the SQL Reference.
**
** For the latest information on programming, compiling, and running DB2
** applications, visit the DB2 Information Center at
**     http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/db2luw/v9r7/index.jsp
****************************************************************************/

#include <sqlenv.h>
#include <sqlutil.h>
#include "utilemb.h"
#if ((__cplusplus >= 199711L) && !defined DB2HP && !defined DB2AIX) || \
    (DB2LINUX && (__LP64__ || (__GNUC__ >= 3)) )
   #include <iomanip>
   #include <iostream>
   using namespace std; 
#else
   #include <iomanip.h>
   #include <iostream.h>
#endif

EXEC SQL BEGIN DECLARE SECTION;
  short id;
  char name[10];
  short dept;
  char job[10];
  short jobInd;
  short years;
  short yearsInd;
  double salary;
  double comm;
  short commInd;
  char empno[7];
  char workdept[8];
EXEC SQL END DECLARE SECTION;

class TbMod
{
  public:
    // types of insert
    int InsertUsingValues();
    int InsertUsingFullselect();

    // types of update
    int UpdateWithoutSubqueries();
    int UpdateUsingSubqueryInSetClause();
    int UpdateUsingSubqueryInWhereClause();
    int UpdateUsingCorrelatedSubqueryInSetClause();
    int UpdateUsingCorrelatedSubqueryInWhereClause();
    int PositionedUpdateWithoutSubqueries();
    int PositionedUpdateUsingSubqueryInSetClause();
    int PositionedUpdateUsingCorrelatedSubqueryInSetClause();

    // types of delete
    int DeleteWithoutSubqueries();
    int DeleteUsingSubqueryInWhereClause();
    int DeleteUsingCorrelatedSubqueryInWhereClause();
    int PositionedDelete();

  private:
    // support functions
    int StaffTbContentDisplay();
};

int TbMod::StaffTbContentDisplay()
{
  struct sqlca sqlca;

  cout << "\n  SELECT * FROM staff WHERE id >= 310" << endl;
  cout << "    ID  NAME     DEPT JOB   YEARS SALARY   COMM" << endl;
  cout << "    --- -------- ---- ----- ----- -------- -------" << endl;

  EXEC SQL DECLARE posCur0 CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM staff WHERE id >= 310;

  EXEC SQL OPEN posCur0;
  EMB_SQL_CHECK("cursor -- open");

  EXEC SQL FETCH posCur0 INTO :id, :name, :dept, :job:jobInd,
                              :years:yearsInd, :salary, :comm:commInd;
  EMB_SQL_CHECK("cursor -- fetch");

  while (sqlca.sqlcode != 100)
  {
    cout << "    " << setw(3) << id;
    cout.setf(ios::left, ios::adjustfield);
    cout << " " << setw(8) << name;
    cout.setf(ios::right, ios::adjustfield);
    cout << " " << setw(4) << dept;

    if (jobInd >= 0)
    {
      cout << " " << setw(5) << job;
    }
    else
    {
      cout << "     -";
    }

    if (yearsInd >= 0)
    {
      cout << " " << setw(5) << years;
    }
    else
    {
      cout << "     -";
    }
    cout << " " << setw(7) << setprecision(2) << salary;

    if (commInd >= 0)
    {
      cout << " " << setw(7) << comm;
    }
    else
    {
      cout << "       -";
    }
    cout << endl;

    EXEC SQL FETCH posCur0 INTO :id, :name, :dept, :job:jobInd,
                                :years:yearsInd, :salary, :comm:commInd;
    EMB_SQL_CHECK("cursor -- fetch");
  }

  EXEC SQL CLOSE posCur0;
  EMB_SQL_CHECK("cursor -- close");

  return 0;
} //TbMod::StaffTbContentDisplay

int TbMod::InsertUsingValues()
{
  int rc = 0;
  struct sqlca sqlca;

  cout << "\n-----------------------------------------------------------";
  cout << "\nUSE THE SQL STATEMENT:" << endl;
  cout << "  INSERT" << endl;
  cout << "TO INSERT DATA INTO A TABLE USING VALUES." << endl;

  // display the initial content of the table
  rc = StaffTbContentDisplay();

  // insert using values into the table
  cout << "\n  Invoke the statement" << endl;
  cout << "    INSERT INTO staff(id, name, dept, job, salary)" << endl;
  cout << "      VALUES(380, 'Pearce', 38, 'Clerk', 13217.50)," << endl;
  cout << "            (390, 'Hachey', 38, 'Mgr', 21270.00)," << endl;
  cout << "            (400, 'Wagland', 38, 'Clerk', 14575.00)" << endl;

  EXEC SQL INSERT INTO staff(id, name, dept, job, salary)
    VALUES(380, 'Pearce', 38, 'Clerk', 13217.50),
          (390, 'Hachey', 38, 'Mgr', 21270.00),
          (400, 'Wagland', 38, 'Clerk', 14575.00);
  EMB_SQL_CHECK("table -- insert using values");

  // display final content of the table
  rc = StaffTbContentDisplay();

  // rollback the transaction
  DbEmb::TransRollback();

  return 0;
} //TbMod::InsertUsingValues

int TbMod::InsertUsingFullselect()
{
  int rc = 0;
  struct sqlca sqlca;

  cout << "\n-----------------------------------------------------------";
  cout << "\nUSE THE SQL STATEMENT:" << endl;
  cout << "  INSERT" << endl;
  cout << "TO INSERT DATA INTO A TABLE USING FULLSELECT." << endl;

  // display initial content of the table
  rc = StaffTbContentDisplay();

  // insert into the table using fullselect
  cout << "\n  Invoke the statement" << endl;
  cout << "    INSERT INTO staff(id, name, dept, salary)" << endl;
  cout << "      SELECT INTEGER(empno)+100, lastname, 77, salary" << endl;
  cout << "        FROM employee" << endl;
  cout << "        WHERE INTEGER(empno) >= 310" << endl;
  cout << "        AND INTEGER(empno) <= 340" << endl;

  EXEC SQL INSERT INTO staff(id, name, dept, salary)
    SELECT INTEGER(empno) + 100, lastname, 77, salary
      FROM employee
      WHERE INTEGER(empno) >= 310
      AND INTEGER(empno) <= 340;
  EMB_SQL_CHECK("table -- insert using fullselect");

  // display final content of the table
  rc = StaffTbContentDisplay();

  // rollback the transaction
  DbEmb::TransRollback();

  return 0;
} //TbMod::InsertUsingFullselect

int TbMod::UpdateWithoutSubqueries()
{
  int rc = 0;
  struct sqlca sqlca;

  cout << "\n-----------------------------------------------------------";
  cout << "\nUSE THE SQL STATEMENT:" << endl;
  cout << "  UPDATE" << endl;
  cout << "TO UPDATE TABLE DATA." << endl;

  // display initial content of the table
  rc = StaffTbContentDisplay();

  // update the table
  cout << "\n  Invoke the statement" << endl;
  cout << "    UPDATE staff SET salary = salary + 1000" << endl;
  cout << "      WHERE id >= 310 AND dept = 84" << endl;

  EXEC SQL UPDATE staff SET salary = salary + 1000
    WHERE id >= 310 AND dept = 84;
  EMB_SQL_CHECK("table -- update");

  // display final content of the table
  rc = StaffTbContentDisplay();

  // rollback the transaction
  DbEmb::TransRollback();

  return 0;
} //TbMod::UpdateWithoutSubqueries

int TbMod::UpdateUsingSubqueryInSetClause()
{
  int rc = 0;
  struct sqlca sqlca;

  cout << "\n-----------------------------------------------------------";
  cout << "\nUSE THE SQL STATEMENT:" << endl;
  cout << "  UPDATE" << endl;
  cout << "TO UPDATE TABLE DATA" << endl;
  cout << "USING SUBQUERY IN 'SET' CLAUSE." << endl;

  // display initial content of the table
  rc = StaffTbContentDisplay();

  // update the table using subquery in SET clause
  cout << "\n  Invoke the statement" << endl;
  cout << "    UPDATE staff SET salary = (SELECT MIN(salary)" << endl;
  cout << "                                 FROM staff" << endl;
  cout << "                                 WHERE id >= 310)" << endl;
  cout << "      WHERE id = 350" << endl;

  EXEC SQL UPDATE staff SET salary = (SELECT MIN(salary)
                                        FROM staff
                                        WHERE id >= 310)
    WHERE id = 350;
  EMB_SQL_CHECK("table -- update using subquery in SET clause");

  // display final content of the table
  rc = StaffTbContentDisplay();

  // rollback the transaction
  DbEmb::TransRollback();

  return 0;
} //TbMod::UpdateUsingSubqueryInSetClause

int TbMod::UpdateUsingSubqueryInWhereClause()
{
  int rc = 0;
  struct sqlca sqlca;

  cout << "\n-----------------------------------------------------------";
  cout << "\nUSE THE SQL STATEMENT:" << endl;
  cout << "  UPDATE" << endl;
  cout << "TO UPDATE TABLE DATA" << endl;
  cout << "USING SUBQUERY IN 'WHERE' CLAUSE." << endl;

  // display initial content of the table
  rc = StaffTbContentDisplay();

  // update the table using subquery in WHERE clause
  cout << "\n  Invoke the statement" << endl;
  cout << "    UPDATE staff SET comm = 250.00" << endl;
  cout << "      WHERE dept = 84 AND" << endl;
  cout << "            salary < (SELECT AVG(salary)" << endl;
  cout << "                        FROM staff" << endl;
  cout << "                        WHERE id >= 310 AND dept = 84)" << endl;

  EXEC SQL UPDATE staff SET comm = 250.00
    WHERE dept = 84 AND 
          salary < (SELECT AVG(salary)
                      FROM staff
                      WHERE id >= 310 AND dept = 84);
  EMB_SQL_CHECK("table -- update using subquery in WHERE clause");

  // display final content of the table
  rc = StaffTbContentDisplay();

  // rollback the transaction
  DbEmb::TransRollback();

  return 0;
} //TbMod::UpdateUsingSubqueryInWhereClause

int TbMod::UpdateUsingCorrelatedSubqueryInSetClause()
{
  int rc = 0;
  struct sqlca sqlca;

  cout << "\n-----------------------------------------------------------";
  cout << "\nUSE THE SQL STATEMENT:" << endl;
  cout << "  UPDATE" << endl;
  cout << "TO UPDATE TABLE DATA" << endl;
  cout << "USING CORRELATED SUBQUERY IN 'SET' CLAUSE." << endl;

  // display initial content of the table
  rc = StaffTbContentDisplay();

  // update the table data using correlated subquery in SET clause
  cout << "\n  Invoke the statement" << endl;
  cout << "    UPDATE staff s1" << endl;
  cout << "      SET comm = 0.01 * (SELECT MIN(salary)" << endl;
  cout << "                           FROM staff s2" << endl;
  cout << "                           WHERE id >= 310 AND" << endl;
  cout << "                                 s2.dept = s1.dept)" << endl;
  cout << "      WHERE id >= 340" << endl;

  EXEC SQL UPDATE staff s1
    SET comm = 0.01 * (SELECT MIN(salary)
                         FROM staff s2
                         WHERE id >= 310 AND
                               s2.dept = s1.dept)
    WHERE id >= 340;
  EMB_SQL_CHECK("table -- update using correl. subquery in SET clause");

  // display final content of the table
  rc = StaffTbContentDisplay();

  // rollback the transaction
  DbEmb::TransRollback();

  return 0;
} //TbMod::UpdateUsingCorrelatedSubqueryInSetClause

int TbMod::UpdateUsingCorrelatedSubqueryInWhereClause()
{
  int rc = 0;
  struct sqlca sqlca;

  cout << "\n-----------------------------------------------------------";
  cout << "\nUSE THE SQL STATEMENT:" << endl;
  cout << "  UPDATE" << endl;
  cout << "TO UPDATE TABLE DATA" << endl;
  cout << "USING CORRELATED SUBQUERY IN 'WHERE' CLAUSE." << endl;

  // display initial content of the table
  rc = StaffTbContentDisplay();

  // update the table using correlated subquery in WHERE clause
  cout << "\n  Invoke the statement" << endl;
  cout << "    UPDATE staff s1 SET comm = 700" << endl;
  cout << "      WHERE id >= 340 AND" << endl;
  cout << "            salary < (SELECT AVG(salary)" << endl;
  cout << "                        FROM staff s2" << endl;
  cout << "                        WHERE id >= 310 AND" << endl;
  cout << "                              s2.dept = s1.dept)" << endl;

  EXEC SQL UPDATE staff s1 SET comm = 700
    WHERE id >= 340 AND
          salary < (SELECT AVG(salary)
                      FROM staff s2
                      WHERE id >= 310 AND
                            s2.dept = s1.dept);
  EMB_SQL_CHECK("table -- update using correl. subquery in WHERE clause");

  // display final content of the table
  rc = StaffTbContentDisplay();

  // rollback the transaction
  DbEmb::TransRollback();

  return 0;
} //TbMod::UpdateUsingCorrelatedSubqueryInWhereClause

int TbMod::PositionedUpdateWithoutSubqueries()
{
  int rc = 0;
  struct sqlca sqlca;

  cout << "\n-----------------------------------------------------------";
  cout << "\nUSE THE SQL STATEMENTS:" << endl;
  cout << "  DECLARE CURSOR" << endl;
  cout << "  OPEN" << endl;
  cout << "  FETCH" << endl;
  cout << "  UPDATE" << endl;
  cout << "  CLOSE" << endl;
  cout << "TO PERFORM POSITIONED UPDATE ON A ROW." << endl;

  // display initial content of the table
  rc = StaffTbContentDisplay();

  cout << "\n  Invoke the statements:" << endl;
  cout << "    DECLARE posCur1 CURSOR FOR" << endl;
  cout << "      SELECT name, dept FROM staff WHERE id >= 310";
  cout << " FOR UPDATE OF comm" << endl;
  cout << "    OPEN posCur1" << endl;
  cout << "    FETCH posCur1 INTO :name, :dept" << endl;
  cout << "    while (successful fetch)" << endl;
  cout << "    {" << endl;
  cout << "      if (dept != 84)" << endl;
  cout << "      {" << endl;
  cout << "        UPDATE staff SET comm = NULL";
  cout << " WHERE CURRENT OF posCur1" << endl;
  cout << "      }" << endl;
  cout << "      FETCH posCur1 INTO :name, :dept" << endl;
  cout << "    }" << endl;

  // declare cursor
  EXEC SQL DECLARE posCur1 CURSOR FOR
      SELECT name, dept FROM staff WHERE id >= 310 FOR UPDATE OF comm;

  // open cursor
  EXEC SQL OPEN posCur1;
  EMB_SQL_CHECK("cursor -- open");

  // fetch cursor
  EXEC SQL FETCH posCur1 INTO :name, :dept;
  EMB_SQL_CHECK("cursor -- fetch");

  while (sqlca.sqlcode != 100)
  {
    if (dept != 84)
    {
      EXEC SQL UPDATE staff SET comm = NULL WHERE CURRENT OF posCur1;
      EMB_SQL_CHECK("table -- positioned update");
    }

    EXEC SQL FETCH posCur1 INTO :name, :dept;
    EMB_SQL_CHECK("cursor -- fetch");
  }

  // close cursor
  EXEC SQL CLOSE posCur1;
  EMB_SQL_CHECK("cursor -- close");

  // display final content of the table
  rc = StaffTbContentDisplay();

  // rollback the transaction
  DbEmb::TransRollback();

  return 0;
} //TbMod::PositionedUpdateWithoutSubqueries

int TbMod::PositionedUpdateUsingSubqueryInSetClause()
{
  int rc = 0;
  struct sqlca sqlca;

  cout << "\n-----------------------------------------------------------";
  cout << "\nUSE THE SQL STATEMENTS:" << endl;
  cout << "  DECLARE CURSOR" << endl;
  cout << "  OPEN" << endl;
  cout << "  FETCH" << endl;
  cout << "  UPDATE" << endl;
  cout << "  CLOSE" << endl;
  cout << "TO PERFORM POSITIONED UPDATE ON A ROW" << endl;
  cout << "USING SUBQUERY IN 'SET' CLAUSE." << endl;

  // display initial content of the table
  rc = StaffTbContentDisplay();

  cout << "\n  Invoke the statements:" << endl;
  cout << "    DECLARE posCur2 CURSOR FOR" << endl;
  cout << "      SELECT name, dept FROM staff WHERE id >= 310";
  cout << " FOR UPDATE OF comm" << endl;
  cout << "    OPEN posCur2" << endl;
  cout << "    FETCH posCur2 INTO :name, :dept" << endl;
  cout << "    while (successful fetch)" << endl;
  cout << "    {" << endl;
  cout << "      if (dept != 84)" << endl;
  cout << "      {" << endl;
  cout << "        UPDATE staff\n";
  cout << "          SET comm = 0.01 * (SELECT AVG(salary)\n";
  cout << "                               FROM staff\n";
  cout << "                               WHERE id >= 310)\n";
  cout << "          WHERE CURRENT OF posCur2\n";
  cout << "      }" << endl;
  cout << "      FETCH posCur2 INTO :name, :dept" << endl;
  cout << "    }" << endl;

  // declare cursor
  EXEC SQL DECLARE posCur2 CURSOR FOR
    SELECT name, dept FROM staff WHERE id >= 310 FOR UPDATE OF comm;

  // open cursor
  EXEC SQL OPEN posCur2;
  EMB_SQL_CHECK("cursor -- open");

  // fetch cursor
  EXEC SQL FETCH posCur2 INTO :name, :dept;
  EMB_SQL_CHECK("cursor -- fetch");

  while (sqlca.sqlcode != 100)
  {
    if (dept != 84)
    {
      EXEC SQL UPDATE staff
        SET comm = 0.01 * (SELECT AVG(salary)
                             FROM staff
                             WHERE id >= 310)
	WHERE CURRENT OF posCur2;
      EMB_SQL_CHECK("table -- positioned update using subquery");
    }

    EXEC SQL FETCH posCur2 INTO :name, :dept;
    EMB_SQL_CHECK("cursor -- fetch");
  }

  // close cursor
  EXEC SQL CLOSE posCur2;
  EMB_SQL_CHECK("cursor -- close");

  // display final content of the table
  rc = StaffTbContentDisplay();

  // rollback the transaction
  DbEmb::TransRollback();

  return 0;
} //TbMod::PositionedUpdateUsingSubqueryInSetClause

int TbMod::PositionedUpdateUsingCorrelatedSubqueryInSetClause()
{
  int rc = 0;
  struct sqlca sqlca;

  cout << "\n-----------------------------------------------------------";
  cout << "\nUSE THE SQL STATEMENTS:" << endl;
  cout << "  DECLARE CURSOR" << endl;
  cout << "  OPEN" << endl;
  cout << "  FETCH" << endl;
  cout << "  UPDATE" << endl;
  cout << "  CLOSE" << endl;
  cout << "TO PERFORM POSITIONED UPDATE ON A ROW" << endl;
  cout << "USING CORRELATED SUBQUERY IN 'SET' CLAUSE." << endl;

  // display initial content of the table
  rc = StaffTbContentDisplay();

  cout << "\n  Invoke the statements:" << endl;
  cout << "    DECLARE posCur3 CURSOR FOR" << endl;
  cout << "      SELECT name, dept FROM staff WHERE id >= 310";
  cout << " FOR UPDATE OF comm" << endl;
  cout << "    OPEN posCur3" << endl;
  cout << "    FETCH posCur3 INTO :name, :dept" << endl;
  cout << "    while (successful fetch)" << endl;
  cout << "    {" << endl;
  cout << "      if (dept != 84)" << endl;
  cout << "      {" << endl;
  cout << "        UPDATE staff s1\n";
  cout << "          SET comm = 0.01 * (SELECT AVG(salary)" << endl;
  cout << "                               FROM staff s2" << endl;
  cout << "                               WHERE id >= 310 AND" << endl;
  cout << "                                     s2.dept = s1.dept)" << endl;
  cout << "          WHERE CURRENT OF posCur3" << endl;
  cout << "      }" << endl;
  cout << "      FETCH posCur3 INTO :name, :dept" << endl;
  cout << "    }" << endl;

  // declare cursor
  EXEC SQL DECLARE posCur3 CURSOR FOR
    SELECT name, dept FROM staff WHERE id >= 310 FOR UPDATE OF comm;

  // open cursor
  EXEC SQL OPEN posCur3;
  EMB_SQL_CHECK("cursor -- open");

  // fetch cursor
  EXEC SQL FETCH posCur3 INTO :name, :dept;
  EMB_SQL_CHECK("cursor -- fetch");

  while (sqlca.sqlcode != 100)
  {
    if (dept != 84)
    {
      EXEC SQL UPDATE staff s1
        SET comm = 0.01 * (SELECT AVG(salary)
                             FROM staff s2
                             WHERE id >= 310 AND
                                   s2.dept = s1.dept)
        WHERE CURRENT OF posCur3;
      EMB_SQL_CHECK("table -- pos. update using correl. subquery");
    }

    EXEC SQL FETCH posCur3 INTO :name, :dept;
    EMB_SQL_CHECK("cursor -- fetch");
  }

  // close cursor
  EXEC SQL CLOSE posCur3;
  EMB_SQL_CHECK("cursor -- close");

  // display final content of the table
  rc = StaffTbContentDisplay();

  // rollback the transaction
  DbEmb::TransRollback();

  return 0;
} //TbMod::UpdateUsingCorrelatedSubqueryInSetClause

int TbMod::DeleteWithoutSubqueries()
{
  int rc = 0;
  struct sqlca sqlca;

  cout << "\n-----------------------------------------------------------";
  cout << "\nUSE THE SQL STATEMENT:" << endl;
  cout << "  DELETE" << endl;
  cout << "TO DELETE TABLE DATA." << endl;

  // display initial content of the table
  rc = StaffTbContentDisplay();

  // delete the table data without subqueries */
  cout << "\n  Invoke the statement" << endl;
  cout << "    DELETE FROM staff WHERE id >= 310 AND salary > 20000 AND job != 'Sales'" << endl;

  EXEC SQL DELETE FROM staff WHERE id >= 310 AND salary > 20000 AND job != 'Sales';
  EMB_SQL_CHECK("table -- delete without subqueries");

  // display final content of the table
  rc = StaffTbContentDisplay();

  // rollback the transaction
  DbEmb::TransRollback();

  return 0;
} //TbMod::DeleteWithoutSubqueries

int TbMod::DeleteUsingSubqueryInWhereClause()
{
  int rc = 0;
  struct sqlca sqlca;

  cout << "\n-----------------------------------------------------------";
  cout << "\nUSE THE SQL STATEMENT:" << endl;
  cout << "  DELETE" << endl;
  cout << "TO DELETE TABLE DATA" << endl;
  cout << "USING SUBQUERY IN 'WHERE' CLAUSE." << endl;

  // display initial content of the table
  rc = StaffTbContentDisplay();

  // display selected content from employee table
  cout << "\n  SELECT empno, salary, workdept FROM employee";
  cout << " WHERE workdept = 'E11'" << endl;
  cout << "    EMPNO  SALARY     WORKDEPT" << endl;
  cout << "    ------ ---------- --------" << endl;

  EXEC SQL DECLARE c0 CURSOR FOR
    SELECT empno, salary, workdept FROM employee WHERE workdept = 'E11';

  EXEC SQL OPEN c0;
  EMB_SQL_CHECK("cursor -- open");

  EXEC SQL FETCH c0 INTO :empno, :salary, :workdept;
  EMB_SQL_CHECK("cursor -- fetch");

  while (sqlca.sqlcode != 100)
  {
    cout << "    " << setw(6) << empno;
    cout.setf(ios::right, ios::adjustfield);
    cout << " " << setw(10) << setprecision(2) << salary;
    cout.setf(ios::left, ios::adjustfield);
    cout << " " << setw(8) << workdept << endl;

    EXEC SQL FETCH c0 INTO :empno, :salary, :workdept;
    EMB_SQL_CHECK("cursor -- fetch");
  }

  EXEC SQL CLOSE c0;
  EMB_SQL_CHECK("cursor -- close");

  // delete the table data using subquery in WHERE clause
  cout << "\n  Execute the statement" << endl;
  cout << "    DELETE FROM staff" << endl;
  cout << "      WHERE id >= 310 AND" << endl;
  cout << "            job != 'Sales' AND" << endl;
  cout << "            salary > (SELECT AVG(salary)" << endl;
  cout << "                        FROM employee" << endl;
  cout << "                        WHERE workdept = 'E11')" << endl;

  EXEC SQL DELETE FROM staff
    WHERE id >= 310 AND
          job != 'Sales' AND
          salary > (SELECT AVG(salary)
                      FROM employee
                      WHERE workdept = 'E11');
  EMB_SQL_CHECK("table -- insert using values");

  // display final content of the table
  rc = StaffTbContentDisplay();

  // rollback the transaction
  DbEmb::TransRollback();

  return 0;
} //TbMod::DeleteUsingSubqueryInWhereClause

int TbMod::DeleteUsingCorrelatedSubqueryInWhereClause()
{
  int rc = 0;
  struct sqlca sqlca;

  cout << "\n-----------------------------------------------------------";
  cout << "\nUSE THE SQL STATEMENT:" << endl;
  cout << "  DELETE" << endl;
  cout << "TO DELETE TABLE DATA" << endl;
  cout << "USING A CORRELATED SUBQUERY IN 'WHERE' CLAUSE." << endl;

  // display initial content of the table
  rc = StaffTbContentDisplay();

  // delete using correlated subquery in WHERE clause from the table
  cout << "\n  Execute the statement" << endl;
  cout << "    DELETE FROM staff s1" << endl;
  cout << "      WHERE id >= 310 AND" << endl;
  cout << "            job != 'Sales' AND" << endl;
  cout << "            salary < (SELECT AVG(salary)" << endl;
  cout << "                        FROM staff s2" << endl;
  cout << "                        WHERE s2.dept = s1.dept)" << endl;

  EXEC SQL DELETE FROM staff s1
    WHERE id >= 310 AND
          job != 'Sales' AND
          salary < (SELECT AVG(salary)
                      FROM staff s2
                      WHERE s2.dept = s1.dept);
  EMB_SQL_CHECK("table -- delete using correl. subquery in WHERE clause");

  // display final content of the table
  rc = StaffTbContentDisplay();

  // rollback the transaction
  DbEmb::TransRollback();

  return 0;
} //TbMod::TbDeleteUsingCorrelatedSubqueryInWhereClause

int TbMod::PositionedDelete()
{
  int rc = 0;
  struct sqlca sqlca;

  cout << "\n-----------------------------------------------------------";
  cout << "\nUSE THE SQL STATEMENTS:" << endl;
  cout << "  DECLARE CURSOR" << endl;
  cout << "  OPEN" << endl;
  cout << "  FETCH" << endl;
  cout << "  DELETE" << endl;
  cout << "  CLOSE" << endl;
  cout << "TO PERFORM POSITIONED DELETE ON A ROW." << endl;

  // display initial content of the table
  rc = StaffTbContentDisplay();

  cout << "\n  Invoke the statements:" << endl;
  cout << "    DECLARE posCur4 CURSOR FOR" << endl;
  cout << "      SELECT name, dept FROM staff WHERE id >= 310 AND job != 'Sales'" << endl;
  cout << "    OPEN posCur4" << endl;
  cout << "    FETCH posCur4 INTO :name, :dept" << endl;
  cout << "    while (successful fetch)" << endl;
  cout << "    {" << endl;
  cout << "      if (dept != 84)" << endl;
  cout << "      {" << endl;
  cout << "        DELETE FROM staff WHERE CURRENT OF posCur4" << endl;
  cout << "      }" << endl;
  cout << "      FETCH posCur4 INTO :name, :dept" << endl;
  cout << "    }" << endl;

  // declare cursor
  EXEC SQL DECLARE posCur4 CURSOR FOR
    SELECT name, dept FROM staff WHERE id >= 310 AND job != 'Sales' ;

  // open cursor
  EXEC SQL OPEN posCur4;
  EMB_SQL_CHECK("cursor -- open");

  // fetch cursor
  EXEC SQL FETCH posCur4 INTO :name, :dept;
  EMB_SQL_CHECK("cursor -- fetch");

  while (sqlca.sqlcode != 100)
  {
    if (dept != 84)
    {
      EXEC SQL DELETE FROM staff WHERE CURRENT OF posCur4;
      EMB_SQL_CHECK("table -- positioned delete");
    }

    EXEC SQL FETCH posCur4 INTO :name, :dept;
    EMB_SQL_CHECK("cursor -- fetch");
  }

  // close cursor
  EXEC SQL CLOSE posCur4;
  EMB_SQL_CHECK("cursor -- close");

  // display final content of the table
  rc = StaffTbContentDisplay();

  // rollback the transaction
  DbEmb::TransRollback();

  return 0;
} //TbMod::PositionedDelete

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
  int rc = 0;
  struct sqlca sqlca;
  CmdLineArgs check;
  DbEmb db;
  TbMod mod;

  // check the command line arguments
  rc = check.CmdLineArgsCheck1(argc, argv, db);
  if (rc != 0)
  {
    return rc;
  }

  cout.setf(ios::fixed, ios::floatfield);
  cout << "\nTHIS SAMPLE SHOWS HOW TO MODIFY TABLE DATA." << endl;

  cout << "\n  THERE ARE THREE WAYS TO MODIFY TABLE DATA:" << endl;
  cout << "    INSERT ROW(S)" << endl;
  cout << "    UPDATE ROW(S)" << endl;
  cout << "    DELETE ROW(S)" << endl;
  cout << "  THIS SAMPLE SHOWS ALL TYPES OF INSERT, UPDATE AND DELETE"
       << endl;
  cout << "  EXECUTING THE STATEMENTS STATICALLY, WITHOUT PARAMETERS."
       << endl;
  cout << "\n  HOWEVER, FOR EVERY TYPE, ALL THE METHODS" << endl;
  cout << "  DESCRIBED IN THE SAMPLE dbuse CAN BE USED, AS FOLLOWS:" << endl;
  cout << "    StaticStmtInvoke" << endl;
  cout << "    StaticStmtWithHostVarsInvoke" << endl;
  cout << "    DynamicStmtEXECUTE_IMMEDIATE" << endl;
  cout << "    DynamicStmtEXECUTE" << endl;
  cout << "    DynamicStmtWithMarkersEXECUTEusingHostVars" << endl;
  cout << "    DynamicStmtWithMarkersEXECUTEusingSQLDA" << endl;
  cout << "    CompoundStmtInvoke" << endl;

  // connect to the database
  rc = db.Connect();
  if (rc != 0)
  {
    return rc;
  }

  // types of Insert
  rc = mod.InsertUsingValues();
  rc = mod.InsertUsingFullselect();

  // types of Update
  rc = mod.UpdateWithoutSubqueries();
  rc = mod.UpdateUsingSubqueryInSetClause();
  rc = mod.UpdateUsingSubqueryInWhereClause();
  rc = mod.UpdateUsingCorrelatedSubqueryInSetClause();
  rc = mod.UpdateUsingCorrelatedSubqueryInWhereClause();
  rc = mod.PositionedUpdateWithoutSubqueries();
  rc = mod.PositionedUpdateUsingSubqueryInSetClause();
  rc = mod.PositionedUpdateUsingCorrelatedSubqueryInSetClause();

  // types of Delete
  rc = mod.DeleteWithoutSubqueries();
  rc = mod.DeleteUsingSubqueryInWhereClause();
  rc = mod.DeleteUsingCorrelatedSubqueryInWhereClause();
  rc = mod.PositionedDelete();

  // disconnect from the database
  rc = db.Disconnect();
  if (rc != 0)
  {
    return rc;
  }

  return 0;
} //main