Glossary
This defines terms that are used in this publication.
- abnormal end of task (abend)
- Termination of a task, a job, or a subsystem because of an error condition that cannot be resolved during execution by recovery facilities.
- Advanced Interactive Executive (AIX®)
- The IBM® licensed version of the UNIX operating system.
- Authorized Program Analysis Report (APAR)
- A report of a problem caused by a suspected defect in a current unaltered release of a program. The correction is called an APAR fix. An Information APAR resolves an error in IBM documentation or provides customers with information concerning specific problem areas and related.
- bind
- The process by which the output from the DB2® precompiler is converted to a usable control structure called a package or an application plan. During the process, access paths to the data are selected and some authorization checking is performed.
- Central Services
- See SAP Central Services (SCS)
- client
- In commercial, organizational, and technical terms, a self-contained unit in an SAP system with separate server records and its own set of tables.
- Cross-System Coupling Facility (XCF)
- The hardware element that provides high-speed caching, list processing, and locking functions in a Sysplex.
- daemon
- A task, process, or thread that intermittently awakens to perform some chores and then goes back to sleep.
- data sharing
- The ability of two or more Db2® subsystems to directly access and change a single set of data.
- data sharing member
- A Db2 subsystem assigned by XCF services to a data sharing group.
- data sharing group
- A collection of one or more Db2 subsystems that directly access and change the same data while maintaining data integrity.
- database
- A collection of tables, or a collection of table spaces and index spaces.
- database host
- A machine on which the SAP database is stored and which contains the support necessary to access that database from an instance.
- database server
- A term that is used for both database host and database service.
- database service
- A service that stores and retrieves business data in an SAP system.
- IBM Data Server Driver
- The Db2 product providing client access to a remote database via its IBM Data Server Driver for ODBC and CLI (Db2 CLI driver) and IBM Data Server Driver for JDBC and SQLJ (Db2 JDBC driver) components.
- Direct Access Storage Device (DASD)
- A device in which the access time is effectively independent of the location of the data.
- Distributed Relational Database Architecture
- A connection protocol for distributed relational database processing that is used by the IBM relational database products. DRDA includes protocols for communication between an application and a remote relational database management system, and for communication between relational database management systems.
- Ethernet
- A 10- or 100-megabit base band local area network that allows multiple stations to access the transmission medium at will without prior coordination, avoids contention by using carrier sense and deference, and resolves contention by using collision detection and transmission. Ethernet uses carrier sense multiple access with collision detection (CSMA/CD).
- Gigabit Ethernet (GbE)
- Gigabit Ethernet is an Ethernet networking standard capable of data transmission rates up to 1000 Mbps. It requires a network interface card (NIC) capable of transmitting data at 1000 Mbps. Gigabit Ethernet can use copper twisted pair wires, coaxial cable, and optical fiber cable as its medium of transmission.
- fiber
- The transmission medium for the serial I/O interface.
- File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
- The Internet protocol (and program) used to transfer files between hosts. It is an application layer protocol in TCP/IP that uses TELNET and TCP protocols to transfer bulk-data files between machines or hosts.
- Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code (EBCDIC)
- A set of 256 characters, each represented by 8 bits.
- gateway
- Intelligent interface that connects dissimilar networks by converting one protocol to another. The special computers responsible for converting the different protocols, transfer speeds, codes, and so on, are also usually considered gateways.
- group name
- The MVS XCF identifier for a data sharing group.
- hexadecimal
- Pertaining to a selection, choice, or condition that has 16 possible different values or states.
- Hierarchical File System (HFS)
- A file system in which information is organized in a tree-like structure of directories. Each directory can contain files or other directories.
- home address
- Defines a single virtual IP address that is used by all RS/6000 systems to access z/OS®, independent of the number of RS/6000 gateways connected to a given z/OS. This implementation differs from the standard IP model that defines an IP address per physical adapter.
- incremental bind
- A process by which SQL statements are bound during the execution of an application process because they could not be bound during the bind process and VALIDATE(RUN) was specified.
- Information APAR
- An APAR directly related to existing documentation or intended to provide supplementary information.
- Initial Program Load (IPL)
- The process that loads the system programs from the auxiliary storage, checks the system hardware, and prepares the system for user operations.
- instance
- An administrative unit that groups together components of an SAP system that provide one or more services. These services are started and stopped at the same time. All components belonging to an instance are specified as parameters in a common instance profile. A central SAP system consists of a single instance that includes all the necessary SAP services.
- Internal Resource Lock Manager (IRLM)
- A subsystem used by Db2 to control communication and database locking.
- Internet
- A worldwide network of TCP/IP-based networks.
- job
- Continuous chain of programs, controlled one after the other in time by particular control commands.
- Job Control Language (JCL)
- A programming language that is used to code job control statements.
- jumbo frame
- An Ethernet frame larger than 1518 bytes. Larger frame sizes increase efficiency for data-intensive applications by reducing frame transmission processing. The maximum frame size is 9000 bytes.
- link
- The transmission medium for the serial I/O interface. A link is a point-to-point pair of conductors (optical fibers) that physically interconnects a control unit and a channel, a channel and a dynamic switch, a control unit and a dynamic switch, or, in some cases, a dynamic switch and another dynamic switch. The two conductors of a link provide a simultaneous two-way communication path. One conductor is for transmitting information and the other is for receiving information. A link is attached to a channel or control unit by means of the link interface of that channel or control unit and to a dynamic switch by means of a dynamic-switch port.
- Local Area Network (LAN)
- A data network located on the user's premises in which serial transmission is used for direct data communication among data stations.
- Logically Partitioned (LPAR) mode
- A central processor complex (CPC) power-on reset mode that enables use of the PR/SM feature and allows an operator to allocate CPC hardware resources (including central processors, central storage, expanded storage, and channel paths) among logical partitions. Contrast with basic mode.
- NetView Management Console (NMC)
- A function of the NetView program that provides a graphic, topological presentation of a network that is controlled by the NetView program. It provides the operator different views of a network, multiple levels of graphical detail, and dynamic resource status of the network. This function consists of a series of graphic windows that allows you to manage the network interactively. Formerly known as the NetView Graphic Monitor Facility (NGMF).
- Network interface card (NIC)
- An expansion board inserted into a computer so the computer can be connected to a network. Most NICs are designed for a particular type of network, protocol, and media, although some can serve multiple networks.
- NMC
- see NetView Management Console
- Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)
- A TCP/IP routing protocol that permits the selection of a specific routing path prior to transmission via IP. It plays an important role in maintaining redundant paths for high availability support.
- Path MTU Discovery
- A configuration option that requests TCP/IP to dynamically determine the path MTU, that is, the minimum MTU for all hops in the path.
- proactive redirection
- In Db2 data sharing topologies, the need can arise to redirect the work processes of an SAP application server to a different Db2 member of the data sharing group. Optimally, this operation should not be noticed by end users. Therefore, the SAP application server allows the SAP administrator to proactively redirect the work processes to a different Db2 member and thus avoid an error situation. See the Database Administration Guide for SAP on IBM Db2 for z/OS.
- profile
- Summary of system parameters with defined values. The parameters define, for example, the size of buffer areas, the maximum number of system users, and so on. The system parameters can be grouped together in a profile. When activating the system, a certain profile can be called up.
- Program Temporary Fix (PTF)
- A temporary solution or by-pass of a problem that is diagnosed by IBM System Support as the result of a defect in a current unaltered release of the program.
- Resource Access Control Facility (RACF®)
- An IBM-licensed product that provides for access control by identifying and verifying users to the system, authorizing access to protected resources, logging detected unauthorized attempts to enter the system, and logging detected accesses to protected resources.
- router
- An intelligent network component that holds information about the configuration of a network and controls data flows accordingly.
- SAP
- SAP AG, a vendor of collaborative business solutions for a wide variety of industries and markets. The solutions employ an external database management system such as Db2 for z/OS.
- SAP Central Services (SCS)
- A group of SAP stand-alone components comprising the
- Enqueue server
- Message server
- Gateway server
Note: SAP also employs the simple abbreviation SCS to designate the Java™ SCS implementation. - SAP system
- An SAP database and a collection of SAP instances (application servers) that provide services to the users. The collection of instances consist of one central instance and optionally, one or more secondary instances. Each system has a system identifier that is called SID or SAPSID.
- schema
- A logical grouping for user-defined functions, distinct types,
triggers, and stored procedures. When an object of one of these types
is created, it is assigned to one schema, which is determined by the
name of the object. For example, the following statement creates a
distinct type T in schema C:
CREATE DISTINCT TYPE C.T ... - Sysplex Failure Manager (SFM)
- The SFM policy can automate the actions to isolate a system that has a status missing condition. This frees up resources, avoiding "sympathy sickness" and data corruption.
- SQL Processor Using File Input (SPUFI)
- A facility of the TSO attachment subcomponent that enables the Db2 user to execute SQL statements without embedding them in an application program.
- Storage Management Subsystem (SMS)
- A component of MVS/DFP that is used to automate and centralize the management of storage by providing the storage administrator with control over data class, storage class, management class, storage group, and automatic class selection routine definitions.
- Structured Query Language (SQL)
- A standardized language for defining and manipulating data in a relational database.
- superuser
- A system user who operates without restrictions. A superuser has the special rights and privileges that are needed to perform administrative tasks.
- sysplex failover
- Sysplex failover support is the capability of SAP on Db2 to redirect application servers to a standby database server in case the primary database server becomes inaccessible.
- System Modification Program Extended (SMP/E)
- A licensed program used to install software and software changes on z/OS systems.
- Systems Complex (sysplex)
- The set of one or more z/OS systems that is given a cross system coupling facility (XCF) name and in which the authorized programs can then use XCF coupling services. A sysplex consists of one or more z/OS systems.
- Time-Sharing Option (TSO)
- A z/OS option that provides conversational time-sharing from remote terminals.
- Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
- A software protocol developed for communications between computers.
- Virtual IP Address (VIPA)
- A generic term referring to an internet address on a host that is not associated with a physical adapter.
- Virtual Machine (VM)
- A functional simulation of a computer and its associated devices. Each virtual machine is controlled by a suitable operating system.
- Virtual Storage Access Method (VSAM)
- An access method for direct or sequential processing of fixed and variable-length records on direct-access devices. The records in a VSAM data set or file can be organized in logical sequence by a key field (key sequence), in the physical sequence in which they are written on the data set or file (entry sequence), or by relative-record number.
- Virtual Telecommunications Access Method (VTAM®)
- A set of IBM programs that control communication between terminals and application programs.
- VSWITCH
- z/VM® Virtual Switch, a z/VM networking function, introduced with z/VM 4.4 that provides IEEE 802.1Q VLAN support for z/VM guests. It is designed to improve the interaction between guests running under z/VM and the physical network that is connected to the IBM Z® processor.
- Workload Manager (WLM)
- The workload management services enable z/OS to cooperate with subsystem work managers to achieve installation-defined goals for work to distribute work across a sysplex to manage servers and to provide meaningful feedback on how well workload management has achieved those goals. They also allow programs to create an interface to define a service definition. To change from resource-based performance management to goal-oriented workload management, many transaction managers, data managers, and performance monitors and reporters need to take advantage of the services z/OS workload management provides.
- Work Process (WP)
- A job in the SAP system that actually does the work. Each work process is assigned a primary role by the dispatcher, which controls, to a certain degree, what type of work is to be performed by that work process. The number of work processes and the types that can exist for an instance are controlled by the instance profile and within the SAP system by the Central Computer Management System.
- Zebra
- An open source (GNU) routing package that manages TCP/IP based routing protocols. In the high availability solution for SAP, it enables the functions of the Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) routing protocol on Linux® on IBM Z.
- z/OS UNIX System Services (USS)
- The set of functions that are provided by the Shell and Utilities, kernel, debugger, file system, C/C++ Run-Time Library, Language Environment®, and other elements of z/OS that allow users to write and run application programs that conform to UNIX standards.
- IBM Z
- A range of IBM mainframe processors representing the successors to the S/390®.