Printing
Learn how to print files, manage the progress of print requests, configure printers. You
can also learn about the concepts and procedures for print spooling and printer backend
functions.
Printing and print jobs
Printing in AIX® offers a myriad of configuration and setup options.
Printing administration
When working with printers, system administrators must manage a spooler, real printers, virtual printers, backends, and queues, which are all parts of the printer subsystem.
Printing bidirectional data
The printing of bidirectional (bidi) data requires special handling due to the nature of the text. In most cases where data is stored in the order it is entered such as logical ordering scheme), the text must undergo a process of layout transformation. This process involves reordering so the characters that they are displayed in a readable sequence to the user. In cases where the data contains Arabic scripts, the process will include an additional step, shaping , in which the characters are converted into the correct glyphs according to their position within the text.
Print spooler
The job of the spooler, also called the queuing system , is to manage printer use, especially on systems that have more than one printer.
Generic base operating system spooler
The base operating system spooler is not specifically a print job spooler but a generic spooling system that can be used for queuing various types of jobs, including print jobs queued to a printer queue.
Spooler parts
The base operating system spooler can be viewed as a process or a subsystem with a beginning, points-in-between, and an ending.
Spooler data flow: commands and backend
Four commands can be used to submit a job to the base operating system spooler. These are lp , lpr , qprt , and enq .
Spooler data flow (enq command)
The commands lp , lpr , qprt , and enq can be used to submit a job to the spooler for processing.
Backend processing
The backend for a queue is begun by qdaemon ; the qdaemon determines that a job's turn to be processed has arrived, sets up an execution environment for the queue backend, constructs an argument vector for the backend, and, via fork and exec , causes the backend to begin execution.
Virtual printers and formatter filters
When the spooler queue backend is piobe , the formatter filter is normally the next-to-last process in the pipeline of filters processing the print job. The formatter filter is composed of two pieces of code.
/etc/qconfig spooler configuration file
The /etc/qconfig file describes all of the queues defined to the base operating system.
Printer backend programming
The printer backend is a standard feature of the base operating system.
Virtual printer definitions and attributes
A virtual printer definition is a file that pairs the attributes or characteristics of a specific printer with the attributes of a specific data stream type.
Printer colon file escape sequences
Embedded references and logic for attribute values in the printer backend's database colon files are defined with escape sequences placed at appropriate locations in the attribute string.
Printer colon file conventions
Printer and printer data stream attributes reside in colon files.
Print formatter example
This example shows how print formatters can interact with the documented printer formatter subroutines.
Backend and qdaemon interaction
The qdaemon and the backend communicate through a status file.
Back-end routines in libqb
The back-end uses a set of library routines to communicate with the qdaemon process.
Printer code page translation tables
Translation of code points in the print file to code points for the printer is a two-stage process (translation of code points for Oriental languages is handled differently)..
Transparent printing
Most terminals have an auxiliary port that can be connected to a serial printer. These terminals support two print modes, Auxiliary and Transparent.
Printer-specific information
The format and content of the header and trailer pages can be customized by editing the files containing the prototype text.
System V printer configuration
System V printer configuration differs in some respects from AIX printer configuration.
Base operating system spooler troubleshooting
Troubleshooting the base operating system spooler can be done by tracking a spooler job through the spooler. A job submitted to the base operating system spooler moves from one spooler component to another in a predictable fashion. The movement is entirely dependent upon the spooler queue configuration, especially the spooler queue backend.
Printing terminology
There are a number of terms that are commonly used with printing.