Supply Chain Greenhouse Gas Emission Factors for U.S. Industries and Commodities factor set v1.2/v1.3/v1.4

Edit online

The US EPA has published a set of spend-based emission factors covering 1016 commodities and 66 summary data types.

IBM® Envizi ESG Suite has managed this factor set since its publication in 2021 and factors are available from 2021 onwards. The factor set is managed using figures based on 2021 USD (v1.2) and 2022 USD (v1.3) with inflation adjustments where noted.

For v1.4 (published by Cornerstone Sustainability Data Initiative), two core updates were made:
  1. The factors are built with U.S. GHG emission data for 2023.
  2. IPCC AR6 global warming potentials are used instead of AR5. The factor set is managed using figures based on 2024 USD, with inflation adjustments wherever they are noted.
Table 1. Supply Chain Greenhouse Gas Emission Factors for US Industries and Commodities factor set
Element Description
Website

v1.4: Supply Chain Greenhouse Gas Emission Factors for U.S. Commodities v1.4.0 (Zenodo)

v1.2 and v1.3: Supply Chain GHG Emission Factors for US Industries and Commodities
Publishing authority

v1.4: Cornerstone Sustainability Data Initiative (founded August 2025 by Stanford Sustainable Solutions Lab, Eastern Research Group, and Watershed). Cornerstone is the new steward of the USEEIO model, previously maintained by the U.S. EPA.

v1.2 and v1.3: U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development (ORD).
Upcoming publication date

Factor set v1.4 originally published on 14 October 2025 by the Cornerstone Sustainability Data Initiative.

Factors are expected to be published yearly. In the absence of the factor body publishing the updated factor set, Envizi will use the latest set with the updated inflation values for the said year.
Citation

v1.4: Ingwersen, W. and Young, B. (2025, October 14). Supply Chain Greenhouse Gas Emission Factors for U.S. Commodities. Cornerstone Sustainability Data Initiative. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17202747

v1.2 and v1.3: Ingwersen, W. AND M. Li. Supply Chain Greenhouse Gas Emission Factors for US Industries and Commodities. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, EPA/600/R-20/001, 2020.
Geographical coverage USA only
Data type coverage

This Scope 3 spend-based factor set covers 1016 commodity types, and 66 summary data types.

For a full list download the factors sets here:
Inflation Inflation values are taken from US Bureau of Labor Statistics. Values for inflation were calculated by comparing January of the year the factor was sourced to January of the factor effective year.
Example factor calculation using inflation

Each year, the existing factor set is updated to account for inflation in the US market:

  • Values from the most recently released publication are used as base factors.
  • Inflation is determined as noted above and the base factors are recalculated using the following method: SourceFactor / ( 1 + Inflation% ).
  • The % inflation used is stored in the description field of the factor.
  • Envizi ESG Suite treats factors with margins as the main direct factor (Total CO2e).
GWP values v1.4 applies AR6 GWP-100 values to each gas when computing CO2e totals, replacing the AR5 values used in earlier versions (v1.2 and v1.3).
Effective and published dates Since this publication was recently released, emission factor effective dates are the same as the published dates. For more information on effective and published dates, see Assigning factors with effective or published dates.

Managed publications and effective periods

Table 2. Managed publications and effective periods
Factor source reference Effective from Effective to Published from Published to
Supply Chain Greenhouse Gas Emission Factors v1.2 by NAICS-6, Publisher: U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development (ORD). Published on: 20-April-2023   31 Dec 2021   31 Dec 2021
Supply Chain Greenhouse Gas Emission Factors v1.2 by NAICS-6, Publisher: U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development (ORD). Published on: 20-April-2023 01 Jan 2022 31 Dec 2022 01 Jan 2022 31 Dec 2022
Supply Chain Greenhouse Gas Emission Factors v1.2 by NAICS-6, Publisher: U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development (ORD). Published on: 20-April-2023 01 Jan 2023 31 Dec 2023 01 Jan 2023 31 Dec 2023
Supply Chain Greenhouse Gas Emission Factors v1.3 by NAICS-6, Publisher: U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development (ORD). Published on: 10-July-2024 01 Jan 2024 31 Dec 2024 01 Jan 2024 31 Dec 2024
Supply Chain Greenhouse Gas Emission Factors v1.3 by NAICS-6, Publisher: U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development (ORD). Published on: 10-July-2024 01 Jan 2025 31 Dec 2025 01 Jan 2025 31 Dec 2025
Supply Chain Greenhouse Gas Emission Factors v1.4.0, Publisher: Cornerstone Sustainability Data Initiative. Published on: 14-October-2025 01 Jan 2026   01 Jan 2026