[z/OS]

System Authorization Facility (SAF) directives

These configuration parameters control the System Authorization Facility (SAF) feature for IBM® HTTP Server. Use the SAF directives to provide IBM HTTP Server with user authentication.

AuthSAFAuthoritative directive

The AuthSAFAuthoritative directive sets whether authorization is passed to lower-level modules.

Directive Description
Syntax AuthSAFAuthoritative on | off
Default on
Context directory, .htaccess
Module mod_authnz_saf
Values on or off

Setting the AuthSAFAuthoritative directive off allows for authorization to be passed to lower-level modules (as defined in the modules.c files), if there is no user ID or rule matching the supplied user ID. If there is a user ID or rule specified, then the usual password and access checks will be applied and a failure will result in an Authentication Required reply.

If a user ID appears in the database of more than one module, or if a valid Require directive applies to more than one module, then the first module will verify the credentials, and no access is passed on, regardless of the AuthSAFAuthoritative setting.

By default, control is not passed on and an unknown user ID or rule will result in an Authentication Required reply. Not setting it thus keeps the system secure and forces an NCSA compliant behavior.

AuthSAFExpiration directive

The AuthSAFExpiration directive sets the value displayed in the browser prompt. The server sends the value specified for the AuthName directive and this short phrase in an HTTP response header, and then the browser displays them to the user in a password prompt window. The short phrase is subject to the same character limitations as the specified value for the AuthName directive. Therefore, to display a special character in the password prompt window, the server must translate the special character from the EBCDIC CharsetSourceEnc codepage to the ASCII CharsetDefault codepage. For example, if you want to display a lowercase 'a' with umlaut, and the httpd.conf file contains the German language EBCDIC codepage CharsetSourceEnc IBM-1141 and the ASCII codepage CharsetDefault ISO08859-1, then you must code the phrase using the hex value '43', which translates to the correct ASCII character.

Directive Description
Syntax AuthSAFExpiration short_phrase
Default off
Context directory, .htaccess
Module mod_authnz_saf
Values off or short_phrase

Setting the AuthSAFExpiration directive to a phrase allows IBM HTTP Server to prompt the user to update his SAF password if it expires. When the user enters a valid ID and SAF password but the password has expired, the server will return an Authentication Required reply with a special prompt to allow the user to update the expired password. The prompt consists of the realm (the value from the AuthName directive) followed by the short_phrase value from the AuthSAFExpiration directive.

For example, consider the following configuration: 
<Location /js>
AuthType basic
AuthName "zwasa051_SAF"
AuthBasicProvider saf
Require valid-user
Require saf-group SYS1 WASUSER
AuthSAFExpiration "EXPIRED! oldpw/newpw/newpw"
</Location>

If the user attempts to access a file whose URL starts with /js, then the server prompts for a SAF ID and password. The browser will display a prompt containing the realm. The realm is the value from the AuthName directive, which is zwasa051_SAF in this example.

When the user supplies a valid ID and password, if the password has expired, the server will repeat the prompt, but this time with the value zwasa051_SAF EXPIRED! oldpw/newpw/newpw. Whatever the prompt, the user must then re-enter the expired password, followed by a slash, the new password, another slash, and the new password again.

If the password update is successful, the server will send another Authentication Required reply with a distinct special prompt. This last interaction is necessary in order to force the browser to understand which password it should cache. The prompt this time will consist of the realm followed by the prompt Re-enter new password. In this example, it would be zwasa051_SAF Re-enter new password.

AuthSAFExpiredRedirect directive

The AuthSAFExpiredRedirect directive specifies a URL that a request should be redirected to if your password is expired when you are using mod_authnz_saf for authentication on z/OS®.

This is an alternative to using AuthSAFExpiration.

Directive Description
Syntax AuthSAFExpiredRedirect url
Default off
Context directory, .htaccess
Module mod_authnz_saf
Values off or url

AuthSAFReEnter directive

The AuthSAFReEnter directive sets the value appended to realm after a successful password change. For information about coding special characters, see the BAuthSAFExpiration directive.

Directive Description
Syntax AuthSAFReEnter short_phrase
Default Re-enter new password
Context directory, .htaccess
Module mod_authnz_saf
Values off or short_phrase

Setting the AuthSAFReEnter directive explicitly to a phrase other than Re-enter new password allows the administrator to display an alternative message after an expired password has been updated successfully. If AuthSAFExpiration has been set to off, this directive has no effect.

For example, consider the following configuration: 
<Location /js>
AuthType basic
AuthName "zwasa051_SAF"
AuthBasicProvider saf
Require saf-user SYSADM USER152 BABAR
AuthSAFExpiration "EXPIRED! oldpw/newpw/newpw"
AuthSAFReEnter "Enter new password one more time"
</Location>

In this example, after the expired password is updated successfully, the server will send another Authentication Required reply with the value from the AuthSAFReEnter directive. This last interaction is necessary in order to force the browser to understand which password it should cache. The prompt this time will consist of the realm followed by a special phrase. In this example, it would be zwasa051_SAF Enter new password one more time.

AuthSAFStatusHeader directive

Allow details of SAF authentication to be added to a custom response header and to the body of the 401 responses. The header is specified by the AuthSAFStatusHeader directive.

Directive Description
Syntax AuthSAFStatusHeader header name
Default not specified
Context server, directory, .htaccess
Module mod_authnz_saf
Values not specified, off, or valid header name

SAFAPPLID directive

Overrides the application id APPLID parameter passed to operating systems pthread_security_applid_np() configuration subroutine with SAFRunAs.

Attention:

The SAFAPPLID directive depends on z/OS APAR OA54407 to check the APPLID when using %%CERTIF or %%CERTIF_REQ.

Directive Description
Syntax SAFAPPLID application-id
Default None (Some OS configurations implicitly treat it as OMVSAPPL)
Context directory, .htaccess
Module mod_authnz_saf
Values application-id

When the SAFRunAs directive is used, from some security product configurations where the APPL class is active, the security product will verify the authenticated user has access to the OMVSAPPL class. If SAFAPPLID is configured, the specified application-id is used instead.

SAFRunAs directive

The SAFRunAs directive sets the SAF user ID that serves the request.

Directive Description
Syntax SAFRunAs value
Default off
Context directory, .htaccess
Module mod_authnz_saf
Values off | %%CLIENT%% | %%CERTIF%% | %%CERTIF_REQ%% | %%CERTIF%% /prefix | surrogate-username /prefix | <surrogate ID>
  • Off: The server will run the request by using the Web server user ID.
  • %%CLIENT%%: The server will run the request by using the ID supplied in the Authorization request header. Generally, the user supplies the ID and password in a pop-up window on the browser, and the browser creates the header. Requires that SAF is configured to authenticate the URL.
  • %%CERTIF%%: The server will run the request by using the ID associated with the SSL client certificate in SAF. If there is no SSL certificate or if the SSL certificate has not been associated with an ID in SAF, the processing will continue as if %%CLIENT%% had been coded. Does not require SAF authn or authz to be configured.

    surrogate-user: The server changes the threads identity to a specific surrogate user. The server must have read access to the BPX.SRV.surrogate-user profile. When this option is used, both the surrogate and the original ID of the web server must have access to file system objects that are being requested. This restriction is unique to this SAFRunAs method and is a function of the z/OS security model. The server runs the request by using the ID associated with the SAF surrogate ID specified.

  • %%CERTIF_REQ%%: The server will run the request by using the ID associated with the SSL client certificate in SAF. If there is no SSL certificate, or if the SSL certificate has not been associated with an ID in SAF, the server will not allow access. Does not require SAF authn or authz to be configured.

    <surrogate-user>: The server changes the threads identity to a specific surrogate user. The server must have read access to BPX.SRV.surrogate-user. When this option is used, _both_ the surrogate and the web server's original ID must have access to filesystem objects being requested. This restriction is unique to this SAFRunAs method and is a function of the z/OS security model.

    <surrogate-user>: The server will run the request by using the ID associated with the SAF surrogate ID specified.

  • %%CERTIF%% /prefix: The server changes the threads identity to the SSL client authentication provided identity for URLs by using /prefix.
    Avoid trouble:
    • This syntax is valid only in global and <virtualHost> context.
    • The server will not switch identities twice during a request if SAFRunAs is also configured using the one-argument version inside of <Location> or <Directory> context.
    • This feature can be used in conjunction with "AuthBasicProvider saf".
  • surrogate-username /prefix: The server changes the threads identity to a specific surrogate userid for URLs by using /prefix.

    When this option is used, _both_ the surrogate and the web server's original ID must have access to filesystem objects being requested. This restriction is unique to this SAFRunAs method and is a function of the z/OS security model.

    Avoid trouble:
    • This syntax is valid only in global and <virtualHost> context.
    • The server will not switch identities twice during a request if SAFRunAs is also configured using the one-argument version inside of <Location> or <Directory> context.
    • This feature can be used in conjunction with "AuthBasicProvider saf".
  • <surrogate ID>: The server will run the request by using the ID associated with the SAF surrogate ID specified.

IBM HTTP Server can communicate with FastCGI applications using either TCP sockets or UNIX sockets. However, when using SAFRunAs for FastCGI requests, you must use TCP sockets for communication with the application. UNIX sockets that are created for FastCGI applications are accessible by the Web server user ID only. The alternate user ID controlled with the SAFRunAs directive does not have permission to access the UNIX sockets, so requests will fail.

To configure FastCGI to use TCP sockets, define the FastCGI application to the mod_fastcgi module using the FastCGIServer directive with the -port option or using the FastCGIExternalServer directive. Dynamic FastCGI servers that you do not configure with the FastCGIServer or FastCGIExternalServer are not usable with SAFRunAs.

If you do not enable SAFRunAs for FastCGI requests, TCP sockets are not required.

Avoid trouble: You can configure the SAFRunAS directive for resources that are processed with the Action directive. When you do so, you must configure the SAFRunAS directive in a scope that covers the second parameter of the Action directive instead of the path to the original resource.
For example, a typical use of the SAFRunAs directive is in the Location directive:
<Location /context-root-A/>
   SAFRunAS %%CLIENT%%
 </Location>
Requests to paths that contain the /context-root-A/* parameter run as the remote user.
However, when you use the Action directive, too, the server overrides the context root that it uses for matching:
# Process *.phtml with the "php-script" handler.
AddHandler php-script .phtml

# Define the "php-script" handler as an existing CGI.
Action php-script /cgi-bin/php-cgi
The Action directive turns a request for the /context-root-A/hello.phtml file into a request for a path that contains the /cgi-bin/php-cgi parameter with a command line argument of /context-root-A/hello.phtml.
When you include the Action directive, also include a SAFRunAs directive in the Location directive, like in the following example:
<Location /cgi-bin/php-cgi>
   SAFRunAS %%CLIENT%%
 </Location>

If you need multiple SAFRunAs settings, forgo the Action directive entirely or create multiple Action directives with different second parameters.

SAFRunAsEarly directive

The SAFRunAsEarly directive allows SAFRunAs to run before any directories are accessed.

Directive Description
Syntax SAFRunAsEarly on | off
Default off
Context location
Module mod_authnz_saf
Values on | off
When a request is received with SAFRunAs set to %%CLIENT%%, IHS attempts to access the file to be served in the response before switching user IDs. This can cause problems when there are directories/files which are inaccessible to the user which IHS is running with, but are accessible to the %%CLIENT%% user. An error like this would occur when attempting such a directory: 
[Tue Aug 11 14:03:16 2015] [error] [client x.x.x.x] (111)EDC5111I Permission denied. (errno2=0x5B4B0002): 
access to /saf/privileged/index.html deniedIf SAFRunAsEarly is set to on with SAFRunAs set to %%CLIENT%%, IHS will switch
user before any directory/file access are attempted.

If SAFRunAsEarly is set to on with SAFRunAs set to %%CLIENT%%, IHS will switch user before any directory/file access are attempted.

Note:

SAFRunAsEarly must be used in <Location> contexts, or the global context. It cannot be used in <Directory> contexts.

If you want to use SAF for authentication and authorization, consider the following example. This is the most common scenario for SAF users and groups and meets the requirements for web access.
LoadModule auth_basic_module modules/mod_auth_basic.so
LoadModule authnz_saf_module modules/mod_authnz_saf.so
LoadModule authz_default_module modules/mod_authz_default.so
...
<Location /saf_protected>
AuthType basic  
AuthName x1 
AuthBasicProvider saf 
# Code "Require valid-user" if you want any valid
# SAF user to be able to access the resource.
Require valid-user
#
# Alternately, you can provide a list of specific SAF users
# who may access the resource.
# Require saf-user USER84 USER85
#
# Alternatively, you can provide a list of specific SAF groups
# whose members may access the resource.
# Require saf-group WASGRP1 WASGRP2
</Location>
Avoid trouble: The SAF group must have a group identification number (GID) defined in the OMVS segment to restrict access based on SAF group membership. Use the following Time Sharing Option (TSO) command to determine whether an OMVS GID is defined for a SAF group.

LISTGRP NOGIDGRP OMVS NORACF

If you want to use a SAF file for authentication, but use a non-SAF group file for authorization, consider the following example. In this example, users are authenticated using SAF, but authorized using a different mechanism.
LoadModule auth_basic_module modules/mod_auth_basic.so
LoadModule authnz_saf_module modules/mod_authnz_saf.so
LoadModule authz_groupfile_module modules/mod_authz_groupfile.so
LoadModule authz_default_module modules/mod_authz_default.so
...
<Location /saf_password>
AuthType basic
AuthName "SAF auth with hfs groupfile"
AuthBasicProvider saf
AuthGroupFile /www/config/foo.grp
# Code "Require file-group" and a list of groups if you want
# a user in any of the groups in the specified group file to be able
# to access the resource.
# Note: Any authorization module, with its standard configuration, can be used here.
Require group admin1 admin2
</Location>
If you want to allow access to a user if the user is authorized by SAF or by a group file, consider the following example. 
LoadModule auth_basic_module modules/mod_auth_basic.so
LoadModule authnz_saf_module modules/mod_authnz_saf.so
LoadModule authz_groupfile_module modules/mod_authz_groupfile.so
LoadModule authz_default_module modules/mod_authz_default.so
...
<Location /either_group>
AuthType basic
AuthName "SAF auth with SAF groups and hfs groupfile"
AuthBasicProvider saf
AuthGroupFile /www/groupfiles/foo.grp
Require saf-group WASGRP
Require saf-group ADMINS
AuthzGroupFileAuthoritative Off
AuthSAFAuthoritative Off
</Location>
If you want to require a request to run using the SAF privileges associated wit the authenticated username, consider the following example.
LoadModule auth_basic_module modules/mod_auth_basic.so
LoadModule authnz_saf_module modules/mod_authnz_saf.so
LoadModule authz_default_module modules/mod_authz_default.so
...
<Location /runas_admin_bin>
AuthName "SAF RunAs client"
AuthType basic
Require valid-user
AuthBasicProvider saf
SAFRunAs %%CLIENT%%
</Location>
If you want to support the changing of expired SAF passwords, consider the following example.
LoadModule auth_basic_module modules/mod_auth_basic.so
LoadModule authnz_saf_module modules/mod_authnz_saf.so
LoadModule authz_default_module modules/mod_authz_default.so
...
<Location /custom_password_change>
AuthType basic
AuthName "Support expired PW"
Require valid-user
AuthBasicProvider saf
AuthSAFEXpiration "EXPIRED PW: oldpw/newpw/newpw"
AuthSAFReEnter "New PW again:"
</Location>

If you want to require a client certificate before a user can access a resource, use the mod_ibm_ssl directive. The mod_authnz_saf directive is not needed for this configuration. For additional information, see the documentation for the SSLClientAuth and SSLClientAuthRequire directives.

If you want to use a client certificate to determine the user for whom request processing is performed, consider the following example. If the user does not have a valid certificate, access is denied.
LoadModule authnz_saf_module modules/mod_authnz_saf.so
LoadModule ibm_ssl_module modules/mod_ibm_ssl.so
...
<Location /certificate_required>
SAFRunAs %%CERTIF_REQ%%
</Location>
If you want to require a request to run using the SAF privileges associated with a client certificate, but require username and password authentication if the client certificate is not mapped to a SAF user, consider the following example. If the user provides a certificate that SAF can map to a user ID, then the user ID must also pass any Require directives.
<Location /certificate_or_basic>
AuthName "SAF RunAs certif"
AuthType basic
Require saf-user USER84 USER103
AuthBasicProvider saf
SAFRunAs %%CERTIF%%
</Location>
If you want to require a request to run using the SAF privileges associated with a surrogate ID, consider the following example. 
<Location /runas_public>
SAFRunAs PUBLIC
# This can be combined with SAF or non-SAF authentication/authorization
</Location>