COMMIT

The COMMIT statement ends a unit of work and commits the database changes that were made by that unit of work.

Invocation

This statement can be embedded in an application program or issued interactively. It is an executable statement that can be dynamically prepared.

COMMIT is not allowed in a trigger if the trigger program and the triggering program run under the same commitment definition. COMMIT is not allowed in a procedure if the procedure is called on a Distributed Unit of Work connection to a remote application server or if the procedure is defined as ATOMIC. COMMIT is not allowed in a function.

Authorization

None required.

Syntax

Description

The COMMIT statement ends the unit of work in which it is executed and starts a new unit of work. It commits all changes made by SQL schema statements (except DROP SCHEMA) and SQL data change statements during the unit of work. For information about SQL schema statements and SQL data change statements see Statements.

Connections in the release-pending state are ended.

WORK: COMMIT WORK has the same effect as COMMIT.
HOLD: Specifies a hold on resources. If specified, currently open cursors are not closed whether they are declared with a HOLD option or not. All resources acquired during the unit of work are held. Locks on specific rows and objects implicitly acquired during the unit of work are released.

All implicitly acquired locks are released; except for object level locks required for the cursors that are not closed.

All locators that are not held are released. For more information about held locators, see HOLD LOCATOR.

Notes

Recommended coding practices: An explicit COMMIT or ROLLBACK statement should be coded at the end of an application process. Either an implicit commit or rollback operation will be performed at the end of an application process depending on the application environment. Thus, a portable application should explicitly execute a COMMIT or ROLLBACK before execution ends in those environments where explicit COMMIT or ROLLBACK is permitted.

An implicit COMMIT or ROLLBACK may be performed under the following circumstances.

For the default activation group:
- An implicit COMMIT is not performed when applications that run in the default activation group end. Interactive SQL, Query Manager, and non-ILE programs are examples of programs that run in the default activation group.
- In order to commit work, you must issue a COMMIT.
For non-default activation groups when the scope of the commitment definition is to the activation group:
- If the activation group ends normally, the commitment definition is implicitly committed.
- If the activation group ends abnormally, the commitment definition is implicitly rolled back.
Regardless of the type of activation group, if the scope of the commitment definition is the job, an implicit commit is never performed.

Effect of commit: Commit without HOLD causes the following to occur:

Connections in the release-pending state are ended.
For existing connections:
- all open cursors that were declared with the WITH HOLD clause are preserved and their current position is maintained, although a FETCH statement is required before a Positioned UPDATE or Positioned DELETE statement can be executed.
- all open cursors that were declared without the WITH HOLD clause including any opened under isolation level NC are closed.
All LOB locators that are not held are freed. Note that this is true even when the locators are associated with LOB values retrieved via a cursor that has the WITH HOLD property.
All locks acquired by the LOCK TABLE statement are released. All implicitly acquired locks are released, except for those required for the cursors that were not closed.

Row lock limit: A unit of work can include the processing of up to 4 million rows, including rows retrieved during a SELECT or FETCH statement^¹, and rows inserted, deleted, or updated as part of INSERT, DELETE, and UPDATE statements.^²

Unaffected statements: The commit and rollback operations do not affect the DROP SCHEMA statement, and this statement is not, therefore, allowed in an application program that also specifies COMMIT(*CHG), COMMIT(*CS), COMMIT(*ALL), or COMMIT(*RR).

COMMIT Restrictions: A commit or rollback in a user-defined function in a secondary thread is not allowed.

Commitment definition use: The commitment definition used by SQL is determined as follows:

If the activation group of the program calling SQL is already using an activation group level commitment definition, then SQL uses that commitment definition.
If the activation group of the program calling SQL is using the job level commitment definition, then SQL uses the job level commitment definition.
If the activation group of the program calling SQL is not currently using a commitment definition but the job commitment definition is started, then SQL uses the job commitment definition.
If the activation group of the program calling SQL is not currently using a commitment definition and the job commitment definition is not started, then SQL implicitly starts a commitment definition. SQL uses the Start Commitment Control (STRCMTCTL) command with:
- A CMTSCOPE(*ACTGRP) parameter
- A LCKLVL parameter based on the COMMIT option specified on either the CRTSQLxxx, STRSQL, or RUNSQLSTM commands. In REXX, the LCKLVL parameter is based on the commit option in the SET OPTION statement.

Example

In a C program, transfer a certain amount of commission (COMM) from one employee (EMPNO) to another in the EMPLOYEE table. Subtract the amount from one row and add it to the other. Use the COMMIT statement to ensure that no permanent changes are made to the database until both operations are completed successfully.

void main () 
  {
   
     EXEC SQL  BEGIN DECLARE SECTION;
     decimal(5,2) AMOUNT;
     char FROM_EMPNO[7];
     char TO_EMPNO[7];
     EXEC SQL  END DECLARE SECTION;
     EXEC SQL  INCLUDE SQLCA;
     EXEC SQL  WHENEVER SQLERROR GOTO SQLERR;
     ...
     EXEC SQL  UPDATE EMPLOYEE
               SET COMM = COMM - :AMOUNT
               WHERE EMPNO = :FROM_EMPNO;
     EXEC SQL  UPDATE EMPLOYEE
               SET COMM = COMM + :AMOUNT
               WHERE EMPNO = :TO_EMPNO;
   FINISHED:
     EXEC SQL  COMMIT WORK;
     return;

   SQLERR:
      ...
     EXEC SQL  WHENEVER SQLERROR CONTINUE;  /* continue if error on rollback */
     EXEC SQL  ROLLBACK WORK;
     return;
 }

¹ This limit also includes:

Any rows accessed or changed through files opened under commitment control through high-level language file processing
Any rows deleted, updated, or inserted as a result of a trigger or CASCADE, SET NULL, or SET DEFAULT referential integrity delete rule.

² Unless you specified COMMIT(*CHG) or COMMIT(*CS), in which case these rows are not included in this total.