In NFS versions 2 and 3, the locking of a file on the z/OS NFS server is managed by Network Lock Manager (NLM) and Network Status Monitor (NSM). NLM and NSM are integrated into the z/OS NFS server to facilitate the expanded locking and serialization functions. Separate procedures for starting and stopping NLM and NSM were replaced in z/OS V1R7 by the server site attribute nlm|nonlm, which specifies their startup along with the NFS server. This integration also coordinates the locking function with stale file handle processing; when a file handle becomes stale, not only will the code clean up the file related data as it does in prior releases, but it will also release any locks that remain held for that file.