Businesses typically define goals for network behavior in human terms. Network implementations provide a variety of application-transparent controls for priority treatment of traffic, bandwidth management, security, and control of network behavior. The link between the high-level business goals and network implementations is defined as policy-based networking and is provided by policies. Policies are usually defined in a centralized repository and are accessed by nodes that need to make policy decisions (Policy Decision Point, or PDP) or implement such decisions (Policy Enforcement Point, or PEP).