P. Research, development and engineering
RD&E expense was $6,153 million in 2007, $6,107 million in 2006 and $5,842 million in 2005.
The company incurred expense of $5,754 million in 2007, $5,682 million in 2006 and $5,379 million in 2005 for scientific research and the application of scientific advances to the development of new and improved products and their uses, as well as services and their application. Within these amounts, software-related expense was $3,037 million, $2,842 million and $2,689 million in 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively. In addition, included in the expense was a charge of $7 million and $1 million in 2006 and 2005, respectively, for acquired in-process R&D.
Expense for product-related engineering was $399 million, $425 million and $463 million in 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively.
